8. Conservation and the future of amphibians

Author(s):  
T. S. Kemp

‘Conservation and the future of amphibians’ reflects on the future of amphibians. Amphibians are small, permeable-skinned animals dependent on a humid atmosphere, which makes them especially vulnerable to changes in habitat and climate. They are also sensitive to increasing pollution levels, although there is a great deal of variation in how badly different species are affected. In addition, amphibians continue to be a source of food, medicine, and pets for the rapidly growing human population, and it is no wonder that as a group they face a particularly severe threat. Many species are endangered or threatened with extinction.

Human Ecology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pimentel ◽  
Michele Whitecraft ◽  
Zachary R. Scott ◽  
Leixin Zhao ◽  
Patricia Satkiewicz ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Shno Mustafa Ali ◽  
Ako Rashed Hama ◽  
Younis Mustafa Ali

This study is an approach to assign the land area of  Kirkuk city [ a city located in the northern of Iraq, 236 kilometers north of  Baghdad  and 83 kilometers  south of  Erbil [ Climatic atlas of  Iraq, 1941-1970  ]  into different  multi zones by using Satellite image and Arc Map10.3,  zones of different traffic noise pollutions. Land zonings process like what achieved in this paper will help and of it’s of a high interest point for the future of Kirkuk city especially urban planning and economic issues of the city. Also, it may be considered as a reference in solving the traffic jam problems in the city. Transportations and sounds of horn of vehicles are the major sources of traffic noise pollutions .Vehicular traffic noise problems are contributed by various types of vehicles such as heavy and medium trucks or buses or automobiles. During this study, six major regions within the city were selected (Governorate region, Baghdad road, Al Wasti, Al Askary, Al Nasir and North garage). A survey for all those six regions were taken place  and noise measurements  were captured at points  or  near to the  intersections  for a duration of three different periods days per a week  [  Sunday 3rd , Monday 4th , and  Tuesday 5th] of January 2016. The results showed  a  high level of noise pollution and super passing on many occasions to the prescribed levels by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) , maximum level noise pollution  value was 94.6 dB(A) in AlWasti region near to the road that leading to Kirkuk university , while minimum level noise pollution  value was 48 dB(A) in AlNasir region. As a result, a noise map zoning was prepared for Kirkuk City for top peak working three days. The prepared noise distribution map will help and could be used as a considerable point for the future during designing projects related to transportations. Also in another hand, the map reflected indirectly the amount of regional air pollutions. High distributed noise pollution zones means a zone of a high air pollutions levels specially Cox and Nox gaseous pollutions.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Andy Hartree

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a unique collapse in global energy demand and provoked a significant reappraisal of many aspects of our way of life, including working habits and travel behaviours, impacting the outlook for energy demand in the future. Assisted by tangible reductions in pollution levels in urban areas worldwide, there is even a perception growing that post COVID, we will somehow have accelerated on the path of energy transition, and the fossil fuel industry may never recover. This article reviews just where we are on the path to fossil fuel freedom, and tempers the over-optimism by highlighting how small the steps are that we have made to date and the scale of the challenge we face on the long road still ahead. Further, it emphasises that even our greenest aspirations, far from signalling the eradication of fossil fuels, will still rely on our legacy industries for a significant proportion of our energy requirements decades into the future. The biggest challenge is to create a global political environment of consensus and commitment focused on delivering realistic and achievable environmental strategy. Governments need to see a common goal, backed up by co-ordinated lobbies – industry, science, environmentalists and investors – all pulling in one direction. COVID-19 has raised awareness and even given us a glimpse of a greener future, but by giving the impression that we can live without our legacy fossil fuels it poses the threat that we fail to support an industry still vital to the delivery of energy transition.


Author(s):  
Charles R. C. Sheppard ◽  
Simon K. Davy ◽  
Graham M. Pilling
Keyword(s):  

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Sondi Bootle

A much-heated debate has evolved over the past few decades regarding the future of human population growth and the number of humans that the planet Earth is able to sustain. Some claim that Earth has already reached its human carrying capacity, where others argue that the carrying capacity of the planet is limitless given modern technology. What is clear is that the carrying capacity of the Earth and the future of human population growth is a subject of much uncertainty.


1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Afriat

The human population is the base of human existence. This, when considered, seems an inescapable proposition. But in the minds of most men it must have an absurd remoteness. The process of population has seemed like primordial creation itself, hardly a thing to be touched by mere scruple. Beyond the scope of any deliberation, the peopling of the earth has, for mankind as a whole, remained unquestioned as the earth, an axiom behind which there was no going and from which all proceeded. But according to a relentless gathering of awareness, as witnessed in an abundance of recent writings, it appears that history has marched to a new point. The condition of the world is being modified by a constellation of emergencies, and any observation and reflection on them, any rough glance at the outlines of trends in the life of the world, points to the swelling flood of population as the central reality in every perspective on the future.


2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Gordon

Poplars and willows have been and are important in human history and affairs but they have not garnered the attention and respect their many positive attributes deserve. They can be even more important in the future as human population pressures increase the need for wood, watershed and riparian rehabilitation and protection, environmental monitoring and improvement, carbon sequestration, phytoremediation and basic biological understanding. Whether, and to what degree, poplars and willows achieve their potential will depend on coordinated action that includes systematic collection of biological materials, establishment of an environmental monitoring network based on poplars and willows, creation of a "poplars, willows and water" task force to assess watershed and riparian rehabilitation tasks, enhanced genome research and an advanced, ecosystem-based regulatory framework for poplar and willow systems based on altered genomes. These must be presented in an ecosystem framework with their risks and benefits clearly described. Key words: poplars, willows, utilization, technology, environment


2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dumont

Abstract. Wilderness areas in the world are threatened by the environmental impacts of the growing global human population. This study estimates the impact of birth rate on the future surface area of biodiverse wilderness and on the proportion of this area without major extinctions. The following four drivers are considered: human population growth (1), agricultural efficiency (2), groundwater drawdown by irrigation (3), and non-agricultural space used by humans (buildings, gardens, roads, etc.) (4). This study indicates that the surface area of biodiverse unmanaged land will reduce with about 5.4% between 2012 and 2050. Further, it indicates that the biodiverse land without major extinctions will reduce with about 10.5%. These percentages are based on a commonly used population trajectory which assumes that birth rates across the globe will reduce in a similar way as has occurred in the past in many developed countries. Future birth rate is however very uncertain. Plausible future birth rates lower than the expected rates lead to much smaller reductions in surface area of biodiverse unmanaged land (0.7% as opposed to 5.4%), and a reduction in the biodiverse land without major extinctions of about 5.6% (as opposed to 10.5%). This indicates that birth rate is an important factor influencing the quality and quantity of wilderness remaining in the future.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-47
Author(s):  
Inge Smeers ◽  
Jonas Himpens ◽  
Louise Grancitelli ◽  
Anne Snick

The Covid-19 crisis reveals that our expanding human population and globalised economic system create unprecedented risks, such as massive new health threats that impact our social and economic wellbeing. In the current era, called the Anthropocene, human activity disturbs life-supporting planetary processes. Surviving the Anthropocene, therefore, requires 'unlearning' the model that brought us here. This model treats nature as a mere resource for humans to exploit with a view to technological progress and economic growth, and serves unrestrained human population increase. This has disturbed the human–nature balance to such a degree that we now have the potential to eliminate all human life. Current crises make us understand we need a regenerative vision of the future, building on new kinds of knowledge, values, skills, and attitudes.<br/> Universities are still grounded in a linear model of research and education, with disciplines studying separate domains of reality without grasping how new, more complex system behaviour emerges from the interaction among those fields. In response to this changing context, the Institute for the Future at KU Leuven runs an Honours Programme Transdisciplinary Insights, offering group learning through real societal challenges and innovative teaching practices. The challenge we present and discuss here tackled the question of how to prepare young people, the leaders of tomorrow, for this complex world (Supplement 1). What are the potential building blocks of an educational trajectory towards a more sustainable future? The challenge was inspired by a theoretical analysis of increasing complexity and its implications for research and education (Snick, 2020). During one academic year (2019–2020) the authors all took part in this challenge, as students and as a coach. In this article we evaluate our learning experiences. The hypothesis underlying our challenge was that co-creating a vision of a possible future, inspired by emerging regenerative social and economic initiatives, allows students to develop new skills and capacities that the traditional educational approach does not offer. Our learning path involved boot camps with a series of workshops, reading scientific books, watching a documen tary, (walking) meetings, field visits, design exercises, co-creative workshops, and group discussions. In this article, we evaluate how these helped us foster our response-ability for co-creating a life-sustaining civilisation. Our findings show that unlearning the old paradigm takes time and that empowering young persons to contribute to a sustainable society requires learning with the head, heart, hands, and hope. These insights can be inspirational to all societal actors who understand that we urgently need to move towards a 'new normal' and that the university has a vital role in this transition.


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