5. Climate change impacts

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-89
Author(s):  
Mark Maslin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Shifting Baseline ◽  
Dangerous Climate Change

‘Climate change impacts’ assesses the potential impacts of climate change and how these alter in scale and intensity with increasing warming by breaking down the potential impacts into sectors: extreme heat and droughts, storms and floods, agriculture, ocean acidification, biodiversity, and human health. Policy-makers should identify what dangerous climate change is. We need a realistic target concerning the degree of climate change with which we can cope. Fortunately, the societal coping range is flexible and can change with the shifting baseline and the more frequent extreme events—as long as there is strong climate science to provide clear guidance on what sort of changes are going to occur.

A gendered approach to understanding climate change impacts: lessons from a coastal region of Bangladesh.

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
S. Momtaz ◽  
M. Asaduzzaman ◽  
Z. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
The Face

Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to understand the vulnerability of women's livelihoods to climate change impacts in Bangladesh. Data were collected through a survey of 150 randomly selected women from a sample of households. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, participant observations, and a transect walk, provided supporting information to substantiate the household surveys. The chapter first outlines the theoretical foundation on which the research is based. This is followed by examining women's vulnerability in the study area. The chapter then describes women's coping strategies in the face of climate change-induced disasters. The chapter further explores women's adaptive capacity through the examination of their access to various services. It ends with a set of recommendations for policy makers in order to improve the situation of women's vulnerability.

5. Climate change impacts

2014 ◽  
pp. 68-97
Author(s):  
Mark Maslin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Dangerous Climate Change ◽  
Water And Food Security

What is dangerous climate change? What is our coping range? ‘Climate change impacts’ assesses the potential effects of climate change on the natural environment as well as on human societies and our economies. Climate change impacts will increase significantly as global temperature rises. Climate change will affect the return period and severity of floods, droughts, heat waves, and storms. Coastal cities and towns will be especially vulnerable as sea-level rise will worsen the effects of floods and storm surges. Water and food security and public health will become the most important problems facing all countries. Climate change also threatens global biodiversity and the well being of billions of people.

The Politics of Climate Change

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren R. Cass
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Climate Politics ◽  
Political Response ◽  
Change Climate ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Climate Change Politics

Climate politics presents difficulties for study given its interdisciplinary nature and the scientific complexities involved in climate change. Climate change politics had got its start in the mid- to late 1980s, as climate science became more and more accessible to policy makers and the general public. Yet prior to 2008, climate politics was only touched upon in major publications on international relations, with the exception of policy journals. Climate change was frequently referenced in articles on a range of topics, but it was not the primary focus of analysis. The recent years have seen an explosion in literature focusing on the topic, however. The potential for massive economic, political, and ecological dislocation from the consequences of climate change as well as from the potential policies to address the problem have since resulted in an extensive literature, with scholars addressing aspects of climate politics from every paradigm within international relations, as well as drawing on research in numerous other related disciplines. In addition, efforts to address the consequences of climate change have evoked controversial ethical and distributive justice questions that have produced an important normative literature. Overall, the literature on climate politics centers on two issues: how we can explain the international political response to climate change, as well as how the international community should respond to climate change.

scholarly journals Catastrophic Health Impacts of Spiraling Climate Change: How Certain Can We Be About Their Magnitudes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Chalabi ◽  
Anna M. Foss
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Total Uncertainty ◽  
Human Health Impacts

Recently, there has been a strong interest in the climate emergency and the human health impacts of climate change. Although estimates have been quoted, the modeling methods used have either been simplistic or opaque, making it difficult for policy makers to have confidence in these estimates. Providing central estimates of health impacts, without any quantification of their uncertainty, is deficient because such an approach does not acknowledge the inherent uncertainty in extreme environmental exposures associated with spiraling climate change and related health impacts. Furthermore, presenting only the uncertainty bounds around central estimates, without information on how the uncertainty in each of the model parameters and assumptions contribute to the total uncertainty, is insufficient because this approach hides those parameters and assumptions which contribute most to the total uncertainty. We propose a framework for calculating the catastrophic human health impacts of spiraling climate change and the associated uncertainties. Our framework comprises three building blocks: (A) a climate model to simulate the environmental exposure extremes of spiraling climate change; (B) a health impact model which estimates the health burdens of the extremes of environmental exposures; and (C) an analytical mathematical method which characterizes the uncertainty in (A) and (B), propagates the uncertainty in-between and through these models, and attributes the proportion of uncertainty in the health outcomes to model assumptions and parameter values. Once applied, our framework can be of significant value to policy makers because it handles uncertainty transparently while taking into account the complex interactions between climate and human health.

scholarly journals Economic implications of climate change impacts on human health through undernourishment

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Hasegawa ◽  
Shinichiro Fujimori ◽  
Kiyoshi Takahashi ◽  
Tokuta Yokohata ◽  
Toshihiko Masui
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Economic Implications

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on human health over Europe through its effect on air quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Doherty ◽  
Mathew R. Heal ◽  
Fiona M. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Climate Change Impacts

scholarly journals Agriculture's Contribution to Climate Change and Role in Mitigation Is Distinct From Predominantly Fossil CO2-Emitting Sectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lynch ◽  
Michelle Cain ◽  
David Frame ◽  
Raymond Pierrehumbert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Agricultural Emissions ◽  
Stock Pollutant ◽  
Global Temperature Change

Agriculture is a significant contributor to anthropogenic global warming, and reducing agricultural emissions—largely methane and nitrous oxide—could play a significant role in climate change mitigation. However, there are important differences between carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a stock pollutant, and methane (CH4), which is predominantly a flow pollutant. These dynamics mean that conventional reporting of aggregated CO2-equivalent emission rates is highly ambiguous and does not straightforwardly reflect historical or anticipated contributions to global temperature change. As a result, the roles and responsibilities of different sectors emitting different gases are similarly obscured by the common means of communicating emission reduction scenarios using CO2-equivalence. We argue for a shift in how we report agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and think about their mitigation to better reflect the distinct roles of different greenhouse gases. Policy-makers, stakeholders, and society at large should also be reminded that the role of agriculture in climate mitigation is a much broader topic than climate science alone can inform, including considerations of economic and technical feasibility, preferences for food supply and land-use, and notions of fairness and justice. A more nuanced perspective on the impacts of different emissions could aid these conversations.

scholarly journals Towards Applying Climate Change Adaptation

2017 ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Schmidt-Thomé
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Feasible Solutions

Climate change adaptation has been growing in importance since the beginning of the 21st century. Historically adaptation, not to climate change but to extreme events, was deeply rooted in many societies and their land-use structures. With industrialization, and especially the increase in globalization since the 1990’s the importance of appropriate adaptation has slowly decreased, leading to increased exposure and risks of human settlements in areas potentially affected by climate change impacts (e.g. sea level rise) and / or extreme events (natural hazards). In order to implement climate change adaptation sustainably feasible solutions should be identified, i.e. viable and acceptable from socio-economic point of views. The identification of such feasible solutions goes beyond pure scientific analysis but incorporates stakeholders, decision-makers and local knowledge.

scholarly journals Threats of Global Climate Change: A Review of the Driver to Multiples Environmental Degradation, Human Right Injustice and Unsustainable Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ayuk Macbert Nkongho ◽  
Cherabe Nchomba George
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
Management And Conservation

As we embrace the new millennium of the 21st century, the threats to the environment are unprecedented. However, none of these threats is as immense as global warming. Environmental management and conservation actions are floundering in the face of climate change as the latter poses a complex, bewildering array of impacts to the environment particularly on the state, individuals, communities, and cultures, as well as on natural resources (land, water, and air). Because of this, there is the need for the protection and promotion of climate change justice. The problem facing policy-makers and environmental stakeholders is how to plan within the context of global warming and to implement strategies for increasing the resistance and resilience of the environment to climate change impacts. This is because climate change is an issue of reality and is seemingly difficult to understand and to be plan for. It is, therefore, vital that a justice-centered approach is adopted to combat climate change. This article, therefore, seeks to analyze the causes and impacts of climate change, designs strategies and recommendations which is hope to address the adverse effects of climate change on human rights and the environment.

scholarly journals The Climate Change, Food Security and Human Health Nexus in Canada: A Framework to Protect Population Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Schnitter ◽  
Peter Berry
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Food System ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Public Health Officials

Climate change impacts on the Canadian food system pose risks to human health. Little attention has been paid to the climate change, food security, and human health nexus, resulting in a number of knowledge gaps regarding food system components that are most vulnerable to climate change. The lack of understanding of key dynamics and possible future impacts challenges the ability of public health officials and partners in other sectors to prepare Canadians for future health risks. A series of literature reviews were conducted to establish the relationship between climate change, food security, and human health, and to identify vulnerabilities within the Canadian food system. Evidence suggests that key activities within the food system are vulnerable to climate change. The pathways in which climate change impacts travel through the food system and affect the critical dimensions of food security to influence human health outcomes are complex. Climate-related disruptions in the food system can indirectly impact human health by diminishing food security, which is a key determinant of health. Human health may also be directly affected by the physical effects of climate change on the food system, primarily related to the impacts on nutrition and foodborne illnesses. In this study, we propose a novel analytical framework to study and respond to the climate change, food security, and human health nexus. This work is intended to help public health officials, researchers, and relevant stakeholders investigate and understand current and future risks, and inform adaptation efforts to protect the health of Canadians.

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