Eucaloric diets enriched in palm olein, cocoa butter, and soybean oil did not differentially affect liver fat concentration in healthy participants: a 16-week randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Welma Stonehouse ◽  
Domenico Sergi ◽  
Bianca Benassi-Evans ◽  
Genevieve James-Martin ◽  
Nathan Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Fat Quality ◽  
Healthy Participants

ABSTRACT Background Effects of dietary fat quality on liver fat remain to be elucidated. Inconsistent evidence may be influenced by fatty acid saturation, chain-length, and regio-specificity within triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules. Objectives We aimed to compare eucaloric diets enriched in palm olein (POo), cocoa butter (COB), and soybean oil (SBO) on liver fat concentration in healthy participants. Secondary outcomes included visceral (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous (aSCAT) adipose tissue, plus other obesity and cardiometabolic health outcomes. Methods Eighty-three healthy participants (20–45 y, BMI 18.5–27.5 kg/m2) commenced and 64 completed a 16-wk randomized parallel intervention, preceded by a 2-wk run-in. Participants consumed identical eucaloric background diets differing in test fats [contributing 20% total energy intake (%E)], providing 33%E total fat with the following ratios for PUFAs/SFAs/MUFAs: POo, 4.2/13.5/15%E; SBO, 14.4/8.8/9.4%E; COB, 2.3/19.5/11%E. Liver fat and abdominal adiposity were measured at weeks 0 and 16 using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy/imaging; all other outcomes were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wk. Results Fat quality did not affect liver fat concentration, VAT, aSCAT, obesity indexes, blood pressure, liver enzymes, leptin, or fasting glucose. Body fat mass decreased with SBO and COB compared with POo. SBO decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, and TC:HDL cholesterol relative to POo [estimated marginal mean (95% CI) differences: −0.57 (−0.94, −0.20) mmol/L; −0.37 (−0.68, −0.07) mmol/L; and −0.42 (−0.73, −0.11) mmol/L, respectively]. No diet differences were observed on HDL cholesterol, TAG, apoA1, apoB, apoB:apoA1, or fecal free fatty acids (FFAs), except for lower FFA pentadecanoic acid (15:0) with COB than with SBO and POo. Conclusions In healthy adults, when consumed as part of eucaloric typical Australian diets, 3 different dietary fat sources did not differentially affect liver fat concentration and amounts of adipose tissue. Effects on serum lipids were inconsistent across lipid profiles. The findings must be confirmed in metabolically impaired individuals before recommendations can be made.

scholarly journals Association between dietary fat intake and MRI-determined visceral, subcutaneous, or hepatic fat in men and women from the general population

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Meisinger ◽  
Susanne Rospleszcz ◽  
Elke Wintermeyer ◽  
Roberto Lorbeer ◽  
Barbara Thorand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Total Fat

AbstractIntroduction:An increase in dietary fat intake - at the expense of dietary carbohydrate intake - may play an important role in the accumulation of adipose tissue at different sites and liver fat accumulation. Thus, the present study investigated the isocaloric substitution of dietary carbohydrates with fat, and its cross-sectional association with visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and hepatic fat content as determined by MRI.Material and Methods:Data from 283 participants (mean age 56.1 ± 9.0 years) from the KORA FF4 study study who underwent whole-body MRI were included. VAT, SAT, and total body fat were quantified by a volume-interpolated VIBE-T1w-Dixon MR sequence. Hepatic fat content was determined as the proton density fat-fraction (PDFF) derived from multiecho-T1w MR sequence. Habitual dietary intake was estimated by combining the information provided by repeated 24-h food lists and a food frequency questionnaire. Cross-sectional associations were analyzed using linear regressions.Results:Carbohydrate intake (in % of total energy intake (E%)) correlated significantly inversely with VAT (r = -0.34) and hepatic fat (r = -0,30), while fat intake (E%) correlated positively with hepatic fat content (r = 0.16). Replacing total carbohydrates with an isocaloric amount of total fat was significantly positively associated with VAT and hepatic fat, while there was no significant association with SAT. The multivariable adjusted β-coefficient for replacing 5 E% carbohydrates with total fat was 0.39 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.76) for VAT. An increase in total fat intake by 5% of total energy was associated with an increase in liver fat content by 24%. Dietary fiber intake was significantly inversely associated with VAT and hepatic lipid content.Discussion:In middle-aged adults, substitution of carbohydrates with total fat was associated with a higher volume of VAT and an increase of hepatic fat, while whole-grain associated carbohydrates show inverse associations. If reproduced in prospective studies, such findings would strongly argue for limiting dietary fat intake.

scholarly journals Dietary Fat Quality in Normolipidic Diets Affects Hepatocyte’s Nuclear Phenotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863882098200
Author(s):  
Isabella Barbutti ◽  
Jesse C Laurentino ◽  
Natalia VA da Silva ◽  
Vinicius S Deoclécio ◽  
Danilo Ferrucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Fat Quality ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Confocal Images

Dietary fat quality affects overall systemic parameters and produce hepatic accumulation of fat and inflammation (steatohepatitis). In this communication we have assessed how mouse liver nuclear phenotypes are influenced by diets containing 7% lipid prepared with lard, linseed oil or soybean oil for 32 weeks. Liver specimens were imprinted on glass slides, fixed and stained with DAPI. 3D confocal images were obtained and employed for the calculation of nuclear thickness, nuclear volume and DAPI-DNA intensity. Hepatocytes’ nuclei could be classified as diploid A, diploid B, tetraploid and higher ploidy levels. Linseed oil in the diet resulted in increased frequency of diploid A (more compact) and less polyploidy, while lard caused increased volume and more polyploidy. Soybean oil produced intermediate nuclear sizes. The results suggest a high demand on liver physiology promoted by lard, which has a predominance of saturated fatty acids, while linseed oil promoted the opposite effect.

scholarly journals Adipose tissue dysregulation and metabolic consequences in childhood and adolescent obesity: potential impact of dietary fat quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoibheann M. McMorrow ◽  
Ruth M. Connaughton ◽  
Fiona E. Lithander ◽  
Helen M. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Fat Quality ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Childhood And Adolescent Obesity

Evidence suggests that at a population level, childhood and adolescent obesity increase the long-term risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and CVD. At an individual level, however, the metabolic consequences of obesity in youth vary immensely. Despite comparable BMI, some adolescents develop impaired glucose tolerance while others maintain normal glucose homeostasis. It has been proposed that the variation in the capacity to store lipid in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) may partially discriminate metabolically healthy from unhealthy obesity. In positive energy balance, a decreased capacity to expand SAT may drive lipid accumulation to visceral adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle. This state of lipotoxicity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. The present review examines the differential adipose tissue development and function in children and adolescents who exhibit metabolic dysregulation compared with those who are protected. Additionally, the role of manipulating dietary fat quality to potentially prevent and treat metabolic dysfunction in obesity will be discussed. The findings of the present review highlight the need for further randomised controlled trials to establish the effect of dietaryn-3 PUFA on the metabolic phenotype of obese children and adolescents. Furthermore, using a personalised nutrition approach to target interventions to those at risk of, or those with established metabolic dysregulation may optimise the efficacy of modifying dietary fat quality.

Dietary Fat Quality and Genetic Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 21-OR
Author(s):  
JORDI MERINO ◽  
HASSAN S. DASHTI ◽  
MARTA GUASCH ◽  
CHRISTINA ELLERVIK ◽  
CAREN SMITH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Fat Quality

Differentiated Scanning Calorimetry of Model Systems with Cocoa Butter

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Alexander Vereshchagin ◽  
Irina Reznichenko ◽  
Nikolay Bychin
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Glucose Syrup ◽  
Polymorphic Modifications ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
System Temperature ◽  
Dsc Method

The article concerns the research specificity of model systems such as cocoa butter – palm olein, cocoa butter – sucrose and cocoa butter – glucose syrup by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. The researchers run experiments in the temperature range from –100 to –50°C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. In the cacao butter – palm olein system an eutectic occurs with a palm olein content of 30.0 % indicating the limited solubility of palm olein in cocoa butter. In the cocoa butter – sucrose system, cocoa butter crystallizes as in the α-form (10,0– 30,0; 60.0–90.0 % MK), and as a mixture of α-and β-forms of MK (40.0; 50,0; 70,0 and 80.0 %). Sucrose stabilizes low-temperature polymorphic modifications of cocoa butter. In the cocoa butter – glucose syrup system, temperature of samples melting is 21-22 °C. This composition is promising for use as a filling of confectionery products and glazes production. In this regard, a man can use glucose syrup only in the candy cases production. The role of surfactants used for the formation and stabilization of cocoa butter polymorphs and increasing the thermal stability of the shock-lad without the introduction of palm stearin requires separate consideration.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Fat Quality and Vitamin E on the Antioxidant Potential of Pigs

1983 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Thode Jensen ◽  
H. E. Nielsen ◽  
V. Danielsen ◽  
T. Leth
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Fat Quality

Isotope tracer measures of meal fatty acid metabolism: reproducibility and effects of the menstrual cycle

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. E547-E555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paola Uranga ◽  
James Levine ◽  
Michael Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Lower Body

Oxidation and adipose tissue uptake of dietary fat can be measured by adding fatty acid tracers to meals. These studies were conducted to measure between-study variability of these types of experiments and assess whether dietary fatty acids are handled differently in the follicular vs. luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Healthy normal-weight men ( n = 12) and women ( n = 12) participated in these studies, which were block randomized to control for study order, isotope ([3H]triolein vs. [14C]triolein), and menstrual cycle. Energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry), meal fatty acid oxidation, and meal fatty acid uptake into upper body and lower body subcutaneous fat (biopsies) 24 h after the experimental meal were measured. A greater portion of meal fatty acids was stored in upper body subcutaneous adipose tissue (24 ± 2 vs. 16 ± 2%, P < 0.005) and lower body fat (12 ± 1 vs. 7 ± 1%, P < 0.005) in women than in men. Meal fatty acid oxidation (3H2O generation) was greater in men than in women (52 ± 3 vs. 45 ± 2%, P = 0.04). Leg adipose tissue uptake of meal fatty acids was 15 ± 2% in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and 10 ± 1% in the luteal phase ( P = NS). Variance in meal fatty acid uptake was somewhat ( P = NS) greater in women than in men, although menstrual cycle factors did not contribute significantly. We conclude that leg uptake of dietary fat is slightly more variable in women than in men, but that there are no major effects of menstrual cycle on meal fatty acid disposal.

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