Sero-Epidemiology And Pattern Of Transfusion-Transmissible Infectious Diseases Among Family Replacement And Voluntary Blood Donors In Lagos University Teaching Hospital (2018-2019), South-West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S168-S168
Author(s):  
O E Otokiti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Media ◽  
Higher Institutions ◽  
Negative Controls

Abstract Introduction/Objective Despite innovations and giant strides achieved in medicine, blood transfusion has continually remained an integral aspect of patient care and management. Currently, blood and blood products are part of the World Health Organisation (WHO) model list of Essential Medicine (EML). However, despite being a ‘life saver’, potential risks of transfusion of fatal infections (TTI) are associated with its use, hence this study to evaluate the trend of TTI in blood donors. Methods In this study, 21,464 donors were screened for HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis between 2018 and 2019 via 4 th generation ELISA. Retrospective data was gotten from records. The results were read using a spectrophotometer. Optical Density was calculated for positive and negative controls and only results from runs in which controls had passed were used and released. Results Of the 21,464donors tested, 3818 (17%) were voluntary blood donors (VBD) and 17,646 (83%) were family replacement donors (FRP). Total number of TTI was 1928 (0.1%) of units donated. Of the screened units positive for TTI, HBV accounted for the highest prevalence 1031 (54%), HCV 498 (26%), HIV 246 (13%) and Syphilis 147 (8%). A much higher incidence of TTI sero-positivity was observed in FRP (85%) as compared with voluntary blood donors (15%). Cumulative discard rate from TTI was approximately 0.1%. Conclusion Our results in this study showed that FRP are more likely to transmit TTI than VBD. Blood transfusion services should work more on replacing family replacement donors with voluntary donors. This can be achieved by reinforcing the culture of voluntary blood donation through the media, secondary and higher institutions as well as through advocacy. Indeed the WHO recommends 100% voluntary blood donations for all nations.

scholarly journals Determination of Normal and Variant Hemoglobin using Capillary Electrophoresis among Voluntary Blood Donors in North Central Nigeria: Implications on Blood Transfusion Services

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Idayat Adenike Durotoye ◽  
Adekunle Ganiyu Salaudeen ◽  
Emmanuel Oladipo Sanni ◽  
Abiola Samuel Babatunde ◽  
Adekunle Kabir Durowade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Variant Hemoglobin ◽  
Hemoglobin Variants

Background: Voluntary non-remunerated blood donation is a strategy adopted by World Health Organization aimed at ensuring safety and adequacy of blood supply. Sub-Saharan Africa has a high prevalence of hemoglobin disorders and therefore needs to adopt stringent measures in donor selection to ensure safety for the recipient of blood transfusion. This study aimed to analyze normal and variant hemoglobin among voluntary blood donors. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 prospective blood donors including 55 (55%) males and 45 (45%) females, aged 18–34 years were recruited. Capillary electrophoresis using the Minicap system was used for determining the hemoglobin variants in alkaline buffer (PH 9.4). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and p-value < 0.05 was considered as the level of significance Results: The mean age of the participants was 22.23 ± 3.3 SD years. The proportion of participants with genotype AA was 67 (67%), those with AS were 17 (22 %), while those with AC were 11 (11 %). While Hb A ≥ 90% was noted in 67 (67%) blood donors, Hb S was seen in 22 (22%) and Hb A2 > 3.5% in 57 (57%). Hb F > 2% was observed in 3% of the studied participants Conclusion: Variant hemoglobin is common among blood donors and this should be taken into consideration whenever blood is being crossmatched for recipients of blood transfusion. Data from this study will be useful in raising awareness and genetic counseling. Keywords: prevalence, hemoglobin variants, capillary electrophoresis

scholarly journals Should Autism Spectrum Conditions Be Characterised in a More Positive Way in Our Modern World?

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Barry Wright ◽  
Penny Spikins ◽  
Hannah Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Spectrum Condition ◽  
The Media

In a special issue that focuses on complex presentations related to Autism, we ask the question in this editorial whether an Autism Spectrum Condition without complexity is a disorder, or whether it represents human diversity? Much research into Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) over the years has focused on comparisons between neuro-typical people and people with Autism Spectrum Conditions. These comparisons have tended to draw attention to ‘deficits’ in cognitive abilities and descriptions of behaviours that are characterised as unwanted. Not surprisingly, this is reflected in the classification systems from the World Health Organisation and the American Psychiatric Association. Public opinion about ASC may be influenced by presentations in the media of those with ASC who also have intellectual disability. Given that diagnostic systems are intended to help us better understand conditions in order to seek improved outcomes, we propose a more constructive approach to descriptions that uses more positive language, and balances descriptions of deficits with research finding of strengths and differences. We propose that this will be more helpful to individuals on the Autism Spectrum, both in terms of individual self-view, but also in terms of how society views Autism Spectrum Conditions more positively. Commentary has also been made on guidance that has been adjusted for people with ASC in relation to the current COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The development of the program of voluntary blood donation promotion in students population of the University of Belgrade

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Jovanovic-Srzentic ◽  
Ivana Rodic ◽  
Mirjana Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Minimum Risk ◽  
Blood Donations ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Year

Background/Aim. Given that in each country students represent the most progressive population group, as of 2001, the Blood Transfusion Institute of Serbia (BTIS) has been carrying the program of voluntary blood donation promotion and education of volunteers at the University of Belgrade (UB). In 2011, the BTIS intensified all activities at the UB. The aim of this study was to present activities performed from 2001 at the Blood Donors` Motivation Department (DMD) of the BTIS related with increasing the level of awareness on voluntary blood donation in the Belgrade students` population, enhancing their motivation to become voluntary blood donors (VBDs), increasing the number of blood donations at faculties of the UB, and increasing the number of blood donations in the UB students population compared with the total number of blood units collected by BTIS in Belgrade, with the emphasis on the year 2013. Methods. Initially, the applied methodology was based on encouraging students to donate blood through discussions and preparatory lectures, followed by organized blood drives. Appropriate selection of volunteers at each faculty was crucial. Besides their recognisable identity, they had to have remarkable communication skills and ability to positivly affect persons in their environment. The applied principle was based on retention of volunteers all through the final academic year, with the inclusion of new volunteers each year and 1,000 preparatory lectures on the annual basis. The activities were realized using two Facebook profiles, SMS messages and continuous notification of the public through the media. Results. There was an increase in the average number of students in blood drives at the faculties from 2011, when the average number of the students per blood drive was 39, followed by 43 in 2012 and 46 in 2013. The number of students who donated blood in 2013 increased by 21.3% compared with 2012 data. Conclusion. The applied concept highly contributed to generation and retention of future VBDs willing to regularly donate blood in the coming years, with a minimum risk of transmission of transfusion transmissible diseases markers.

scholarly journals Blood Transfusion Service and Hospital Blood Rotation: The Implications on Transfusion Safety in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
O D Damulak ◽  
E D Jatau ◽  
E Ekam ◽  
E Rumji ◽  
R Yakubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Blood Transfusion Service ◽  
First Time

Blood donation is not readily an altruistic sacrifice in sub-Saharan Africa where microbial infections, maternal haemorrhages, malaria and other tropical diseases that frequently require blood transfusion are daily diagnoses. Blood transfusion safety is hindered by the combined prevailing high rate of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) and poor screening techniques. This study determined the rate of Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) positive reactions to transfusion-transmissible infections in rapid diagnostic test negative family replacement blood units, compared to the first time voluntarily donated blood. We studied records of blood units collected in a tertiary hospital from donors who scaled pre-donation Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and syphilis and rescreened by ELISA techniques at the National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Jos, along with units from first-time voluntary blood donors. A total of 19562 blood units; 5945 (30.39%) rapid diagnostic tests negative from a linkage hospital and 13617 (69.61%) from first time voluntary donors were screened by ELISA methods for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. The overall TTIs detected by ELISA was 16.08%, significantly lower among pre-donation rapid screened family replacement blood donors [495(8.32%)] compared to 2651 (19.47%) among first-time voluntary donors; P=0.0001. Fifty-seven (0.96%) HIV, 166 (2.79%) HBV, 137 (2.31%) HCV and 137 (2.31%) syphilis were still detected respectively by ELISA in the pre-screened negative family replacement blood units. The outcome of ELISA screenings of blood collected from first-time volunteer donors were; 143 (1.05%) HIV, 1,486 (10.91%) HBV, 683 (5.02%) HCV, and 339 (2.49%) syphilis. Blood for transfusion should be screened negative at least with ELISA.

scholarly journals Prévalence de la syphilis chez les donneurs de sang à la Banque du Sang d’Abéché au Tchad

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1085-1092
Author(s):  
Djamalladine Mahamat Doungous ◽  
Abdelsalam Adoum Doutoum ◽  
Adawaye Chatte ◽  
Richard Laougangta Dounbe ◽  
Elysée Gondimo Gabdibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Prise En Charge ◽  
Afrique Subsaharienne ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transfusion Sanguine

En Afrique subsaharienne, les infections transmissibles par la transfusion sanguine comme la syphilis sont très répandues, avec une prévalence pouvant atteindre 25% chez les donneurs de sang. La présente étude avait pour objectif de déterminer la prévalence de la syphilis chez les donneurs de sang au niveau de la Banque du Sang d’Abéché. Nous avons mené une étude transversale à visée descriptive, qui s’est déroulée de mai à août 2017. Les échantillons de sang des donneurs ont été testés par immunochromatographie pour la détection des anticorps anti-tréponémiques (Biomnis®). Sur 789 donneurs de sang inclus dans l’étude, la prévalence de la syphilis était de 4,9 %. Les donneurs étaient à 96,1% de sexe masculin et 3,9% de sexe féminin. Cette prévalence était plus élevée chez les sujets âgés de [21-30] ans, chez les femmes, les donneurs non scolarisés, divorcés et les domestiques/ménagères habitant la zone d’Abéché urbaine. Ces résultats montrent qu’il est nécessaire de mettre en place une politique de suivi et de prise en charge médicale des donneurs de sang atteints de la syphilis.Mots clés: Transfusion sanguine, receveurs, Treponema pallidum, don de sang.   English Title: Prevalence of syphilis in blood donors at Abéché blood bank in ChadIn sub-Saharan Africa, infections transmitted by blood transfusion such as syphilis are widespread, with prevalence up to 25% in blood donors. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of syphilis in blood donors at the Blood Bank of Abéché. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which ran from May to August 2017. Donor blood samples were tested by immunochromatography for the detection of anti-treponemal antibodies (Biomnis®). Of the 789 blood donors included in the study, the prevalence of syphilis was 4.9%. Donors were 96.1% male and 3.9% female. This prevalence was higher in subjects aged [21-30] years, women, out-of-school, divorced and domestic / household donors living in the urban Abéché area. These results shows that it is necessary to set up a policy of monitoring and medical care of blood donors with syphilis.Keywords: Blood transfusion, recipients, Treponema pallidum, blood donation.

scholarly journals A study to evaluate the demographic profile of voluntary and replacement blood donors at tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India: a 5-year retrospective comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Khaneta Parveen ◽  
Abdul F. Khan ◽  
Abdul S. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Donor Type ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

Background: Blood donor base is the foundation of any blood transfusion system. Donor screening plays an important role in ensuring the safety of the blood supply.1 This study was undertaken with the aim to screen the blood donor’s demographic profile as male, female voluntary and replacement blood donors and to estimate seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and VDRL transmissible by blood transfusion in voluntary and replacement male and female blood donors during the last 5 year period.Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of 5 years (2001-2005) and involved 1,53,020 blood donors including both (voluntary, replacement males and females) who were thoroughly screened and selected for blood donation in blood bank at Departments of Pathology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM hospital, Mumbai. We determine among blood donors by their donor type (voluntary and replacement type) and gender wise.Results: The total number of blood donors in five years period was 1,53,020 (100%). Maximum number of voluntary  blood donors 1,00,316 (65.55%), followed by replacement blood donors 52,704 (34.33%).The overwhelming majority of donors in entire 5 years period was of male, comprising 1,36,195 (89.0%), while the female donors comprised of 16825 (10.99%).Conclusions: The maximum number of donors are voluntary males (55.69%) followed by replacement males (33.30%). Our results indicate that the number of female blood donors were less in comparison to male blood donors, so proper health education is required for female blood donors.

scholarly journals The Statistical Analysis of Factors Explaining the Intention of Public for Blood Donation in Jamshoro, Sindh

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Nazia Parveen Gill ◽  
Fozia Parveen Panhwar ◽  
Sunbul Naeem Cheema ◽  
Raja Muhammad Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Media

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine different factors explaining the intention of public in context of blood donation in the district of Jamshoro, Sindh. Methodology: The data were collected of 400 samples from four different tehsils of Jamshoro. The data was collected through well-structured questionnaire. The survey was conducted in 2019 and cluster sampling technique was used. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was examined, and Chi-Square test was applied for final analysis. Findings: The public's willingness to donate blood is limited, according to this study (χ2 (1) = 0.88, p=0.39). The media does not perform any significant role in awareness generating and educating the general public about the importance of donating blood (χ2 (1) = 24.35, p=0.001). Women make up a small percentage of blood donors in society (χ2 (1) = 0.05, p=0.82). This research also compares blood donors and non-donors based on gender and age. The contribution of blood donors in younger age was higher (χ2 (3) = 19.31, p=0.01) in males (χ2 (1) = 27.98, p=0.001). Conclusion: The awareness of blood donation was higher in males, higher education, and young age peoples (18-28) years. Furthermore, the awareness about blood donation should be made known through electronic and print media along with the educational programs at educational institutions. Blood bank lab assistants should be given training to keep up to date with the latest information on blood donation, samples, and screening tests.

Videogaming will rise rapidly as an engine of growth

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Live Streaming ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
The Media

Subject Videogaming growth. Significance The videogames industry is becoming an increasingly important engine of economic growth while also reflecting important changes in how people work. China is becoming the dominant producer and consumer. Impacts Regulation and intervention will keep encouraging the gaming sector to cluster in certain locations to benefit from economies of scale. Associated activities including live-streaming and e-sports competitions will become increasingly important in the media ecosystem. The World Health Organisation classifies ‘gaming disorder’ as a mental health condition; cases and research into the condition will grow. Three-quarters of gamers surveyed by McAfee worry about cybersecurity; the ‘Fortnite’ game has facilitated thousands of online scams. Childhood gamers develop skills that make them good candidates for cybersecurity work, potentially offsetting an upcoming talent shortage.

The Effect of Repeated Blood Donations on the Iron Status of Iranian Blood Donors Attending the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Djalali ◽  
Tirang R. Neyestani ◽  
Jamil Bateni ◽  
Fereydoun Siassi
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Iron Loss ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Blood Donations ◽  
Group Frequency

Objective: Blood donation leads to substantial iron loss, as about 0.5 mg iron is lost per each milliliter of blood donated. If not compensated for efficiently, the iron loss may eventually lead to anemia, though non-anemic iron deficiency per se may be problematic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood donation, and its frequency over a year’s time, on iron status of Iranian male blood donors attended blood transfusion stations of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO). Design and setting: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytic study was conducted. 91 male volunteer blood donors aged from 20 to 50 years attending three IBTO stations located in central areas of Tehran, and 63 apparently healthy controls that were matched for age, gender, monthly income, height, and weight, were included in the study. Blood donors were divided into 4 groups according to the frequency of blood donation per year; i.e. 1, 2, 3, and 4 with 20, 30, 26, and 15 persons in each group, respectively. Just before blood donation, 10 mL venous blood sample was taken and divided into heparinized and non-heparinized tubes for determination of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, transferrin saturation (TS), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Dietary assessment was also done using 3 different questionnaires; i.e. general health, food frequency, and 24hr recall. Results: The levels of Hb, Hct, and iron status indices were all significantly lower in the subjects than in controls and a gradual but significant decrease in iron status indices in each time of blood donation was found. Serum ferritin showed significant correlations with age (r = 0.33, p < 0.001) and body-mass index (BMI) (r = 0.26, p = 0.03) only in the control group. Frequency of blood donation per year was also inversely correlated with Hb (r = -0.67, p < 0.001), Hct (r = -0.65, p < 0.001), MCHC (r = -0.56, p < 0.001), serum ferritin (r = -0.38, p < 0.001), SI (r = -0.62, p < 0.001), and TS (r = -0.61, p < 0.001), but was directly correlated with TIBC (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). Interestingly in blood donors, but not in healthy controls, serum ferritin levels showed weak but statistically significant correlations with daily intake of iron (r = 0.17, p < 0.05) and energy (r = 0.20, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Though repeated blood donations might diminish iron status, it could be safe to donate 2–3 U/year without an appreciable incidence of iron deficiency, provided that the pre-donation Hb and ferritin values are ≥ 14.7 g/dL and 58.9 μg/L, respectively. The male volunteers with Hb ≥ 14.2 g/dL and serum ferritin ≥ 57.2 μg/L could donate 1–2 U/year and those with Hb ≥ 13.1 g/dL and serum ferritin ≥ 35.3 μg/L could donate just once a year. Volunteers who undergo (repeated) blood donation should receive special nutritional care, especially in terms of iron and energy.

RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF HIV IN BLOOD DONORS AT A.D.GORWALA BLOOD BANK

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Neha Patel ◽  
Sanjay Chaudhari ◽  
Sonal Chitroda
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Hiv Seroprevalence ◽  
Safe Blood ◽  
Anti Hiv

Background: India has the second highest HIV population in the world with about 2.5-3.0 million cases. Blood transfusion saves millions of lives worldwide each year but Blood transfusion is an important mode of transmission of infections to recipients and at the same time it is also associated with large number of complications including transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs). Aims & objective: to study the prevalence of HIVin blood donors of A.D.Gorwala Blood bank From January 2005 To December 2010. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among blood donors through the years 2005-2010. Sera from blood donors were tested for the detection of Anti HIV by using third generation ELISA tests, strictly following the instruction of manufacturers. The donor information was collected through the donor registers from A.D. Gorwala Blood Bank. Result: From the total of 28,371 screened blood samples collected, the prevalence of HIV in blood donors in the blood bank was 0.23% in the ve consecutive years but the trend of HIV infection has decreased from 2005(0.31%) to 2010 (0.04%). The age groups18-30 has the highest prevalence and the age group 51-60 was the lowest prevalence of HIV infection. The Prevalence of HIV among male (0.18%) was higher than in female donors (0.05%). The trend of HIVinfection was decreasing for both male and female blood donors. Conclusion: The analysis of HIV seroprevalence among blood donors through the year 2005- 2010 showed a signicantly decreasing trend, probably due to the cumulative effect of increasing awareness of HIVand improved screening system for safe blood donation.

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