scholarly journals Individual-Level Concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter Chemical Components and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Based on 2 Advanced Exposure Prediction Models in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 180 (7) ◽  
pp. 718-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Young Kim ◽  
Lianne Sheppard ◽  
Joel D. Kaufman ◽  
Silas Bergen ◽  
Adam A. Szpiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals Associations Between Elemental Constituents of Fine Particulate Matter and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adolescents and Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szu-Ying Chen ◽  
Charlene Wu ◽  
Chang-Fu Wu ◽  
Chang-Chuan Chan ◽  
Jing-Shiang Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fine Particulate

Abstract BackgroundExisting studies have demonstrated the relationships between particulate matter (PM) exposure and subclinical atherosclerosis; however, whether PM and its elemental constituents predispose to atherosclerosis remains unclear in adolescents and young adults. This cross-sectional study included 789 subjects between the ages of 12 to 30 years who lived in Taipei metropolis since childhood. Health examination and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements were performed between 2006 and 2008. Land use regression (LUR) model was used to estimate participants’ one-year exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and eight elemental constituents, i.e., silicon (Si), sulfur (S), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). The associations between percent differences in CIMT at common carotid artery (CCA) segments and air pollutants were analyzed.ResultsAn interquartile range increment of PM2.5 (4.5 μg/m3), Fe (34.7 ng/m3), and Zn (20.7 ng/m3) are associated with 0.77% (95% confidence interval; 95%CI: 0.05 to 1.50), 0.83% (0.01 to 1.65), and 1.22% (0.35 to 2.10) higher for combined CIMT, respectively; while Mn (2.0 ng/m3) exposure is associated with 0.31% (0.01 to 0.60) higher for right CIMT. Stratified analyses show PM2.5 and elemental constituents, especially Zn, are associated with CIMT among subjects who are 18 years or older, females, lower household income, non-smokers, normal weight, non-hypertensive, non-hyperglycemic, or non-hypercholesterolemic. ConclusionsLong-term exposures to PM2.5 and elemental constituents mainly originating from traffic and industry operations are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in young population. Individual characteristics, health behaviors, and biometric measures, may modify air pollution-related subclinical atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Exposure to chemical components of fine particulate matter and ozone, and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications in Tokyo: a register-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Michikawa ◽  
Seiichi Morokuma ◽  
Shin Yamazaki ◽  
Akinori Takami ◽  
Seiji Sugata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Network Database ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations

Abstract Background Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was associated with pregnancy complications. However, we still lack comprehensive evidence regarding which specific chemical components of PM2.5 are more harmful for maternal and foetal health. Objective We focused on exposure over the first trimester (0–13 weeks of gestation), which includes the early placentation period, and investigated whether PM2.5 and its components were associated with placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (combined outcome of small for gestational age, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and stillbirth). Methods From 2013 to 2015, we obtained information, from the Japan Perinatal Registry Network database, on 83,454 women who delivered singleton infants within 23 Tokyo wards (≈627 km2). Using daily filter sampling of PM2.5 at one monitoring location, we analysed carbon and ion components, and assigned the first trimester average of the respective pollutant concentrations to each woman. Results The ORs of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications were 1.14 (95% CI = 1.08–1.22) per 0.51 μg/m3 (interquartile range) increase of organic carbon and 1.11 (1.03–1.18) per 0.06 μg/m3 increase of sodium. Organic carbon was also associated with four individual complications. There was no association between ozone and outcome. Significance There were specific components of PM2.5 that have adverse effects on maternal and foetal health.

scholarly journals Source Apportionment of PM2.5 during Haze and Non-Haze Episodes in Wuxi, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Pulong Chen ◽  
Tijian Wang ◽  
Matthew Kasoar ◽  
Min Xie ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosols ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Haze Days

Chemical characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Wuxi at urban, industrial, and clean sites on haze and non-haze days were investigated over four seasons in 2016. In this study, high concentrations of fine particulate matter (107.6 ± 25.3 μg/m3) were measured in haze episodes. The most abundant chemical components were organic matter (OM), SO42−, NO3−, elemental carbon (EC), and NH4+, which varied significantly on haze and non-haze days. The concentrations of OM and EC were 38.5 ± 5.4 μg/m3 and 12.3 ± 2.1 μg/m3 on haze days, which were more than four times greater than those on non-haze days. Source apportionment using a chemical mass balance (CMB) model showed that the dominant sources were secondary sulfate (17.7%), secondary organic aerosols (17.1%), and secondary nitrate (14.2%) during the entire sampling period. The source contribution estimates (SCEs) of most sources at clean sites were lower than at urban and industrial sites. Primary industrial emission sources, such as coal combustion and steel smelting, made larger contributions at industrial sites, while vehicle exhausts and cooking smoke showed higher contributions at urban sites. In addition, the SCEs of secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols on haze days were much higher than those on non-haze days, indicating that the secondary particulate matter formations process was the dominating reason for high concentrations of particles on haze days.

scholarly journals Fine Particulate Matter Pollution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Changchun Atmosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tang ◽  
Zhuo Yang ◽  
Yue Tui ◽  
Ju Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Pollution Characteristics ◽  
Fine Particulate

Abstract In order to study the pollution characteristics and main sources of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere of the city of Changchun, PM2.5 samples were collected during the four seasons in 2014, and representative months for each season are January, April, July, and October. Sample collection was carried out on 10 auto-monitoring stations in Changchun, and PM2.5 mass concentration, and its chemical components (including inorganic elements, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and water-soluble ions) were measured. The results show that the annual average mass concentration of PM2.5 in Changchun in 2014 was about 66.77 µg/m3. Organic matter was the highest component in PM2.5, followed by secondary inorganic ions (SNA), mineral dust (MIN), elemental carbon (EC), and trace elements (TE). Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) results gave seven factors, namely, industrial, biomass- and coal-burning, industrial and soil dust, motor-vehicle, soil and secondary-ion, light-industrial, and hybrid-automotive and -industrial sources in PM2.5, with contributing values of 18.9%, 24.2%, 5.7%, 23.0%, 11.5%, 13.0%, and 3.6%, respectively.

scholarly journals Measurements of Indoor and Outdoor Fine Particulate Matter during the Heating Period in Jinan, in North China: Chemical Composition, Health Risk, and Source Apportionment

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Gao ◽  
Weidong Gao ◽  
Xiaoyan Sun ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
North China ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor Pm2.5 ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was simultaneously collected from the indoor and outdoor environments in urban area of Jinan in North China from November to December 2018 to evaluate the characteristics and sources of indoor PM2.5 pollution. The concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were 69.0 ± 50.5 µg m−3 and 128.7 ± 67.9 µg m−3, respectively, much higher than the WHO-established 24-h standards for PM2.5, indicating serious PM2.5 pollution of indoor and outdoor environments in urban Jinan. SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, and organic carbon (OC) were the predominant components, which accounted for more than 60% of the PM2.5 concentration. The total elemental risk values in urban Jinan for the three highly vulnerable groups of population (children (aged 2–6 years and 6–12 years) and older adults (≥70 years)) were nearly 1, indicating that exposure to all of the elements in PM2.5 had potential non-carcinogenic risks to human health. Further analyses of the indoor/outdoor concentration ratios, infiltration rates (FINF), and indoor-generated concentration (Cig) indicated that indoor PM2.5 and its major chemical components (SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, OC, and elemental carbon) were primarily determined by outdoor pollution. The lower indoor NO3−/SO42− ratio and FINF of NO3− relative to the outdoor values were due to the volatility of NO3−. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was performed to estimate the sources of PM2.5 using the combined datasets of indoor and outdoor environments and revealed that secondary aerosols, dust, cement production, and coal combustion/metal smelting were the major sources during the sampling period.

scholarly journals Air pollution and subclinical interstitial lung disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) air–lung study

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1700559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralynn Sack ◽  
Sverre Vedal ◽  
Lianne Sheppard ◽  
Ganesh Raghu ◽  
R. Graham Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Temporal Models

We studied whether ambient air pollution is associated with interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) and high attenuation areas (HAAs), which are qualitative and quantitative measurements of subclinical interstitial lung disease (ILD) on computed tomography (CT).We performed analyses of community-based dwellers enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study. We used cohort-specific spatio-temporal models to estimate ambient pollution (fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3)) at each home. A total of 5495 participants underwent serial assessment of HAAs by cardiac CT; 2671 participants were assessed for ILAs using full lung CT at the 10-year follow-up. We used multivariable logistic regression and linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, tobacco use, scanner technology and study site.The odds of ILAs increased 1.77-fold per 40 ppb increment in NOx (95% CI 1.06 to 2.95, p = 0.03). There was an overall trend towards an association between higher exposure to NOx and greater progression of HAAs (0.45% annual increase in HAAs per 40 ppb increment in NOx; 95% CI −0.02 to 0.92, p = 0.06). Associations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), NOx and NO2 concentrations with progression of HAAs varied by race/ethnicity (p = 0.002, 0.007, 0.04, respectively, for interaction) and were strongest among non-Hispanic white people.We conclude that ambient air pollution exposures were associated with subclinical ILD.

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