The Effect of Alcohol Cue Exposure on Tobacco-Related Cue Reactivity: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma V Ritchie ◽  
Chelsea Fitzpatrick ◽  
Paul E Ronksley ◽  
Alexander A Leung ◽  
Sydney Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
Study Quality Assessment

Abstract Aims To examine the effect of alcohol cue exposure on tobacco-related cravings, self-administration and other measures of tobacco-related cue reactivity. Methods We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus from inception to May 2020 for articles reporting on a combination of cue reactivity (and/or cross-cue reactivity), alcohol use and tobacco consumption. A semi-quantitative analysis and study quality assessment were performed for the included articles. Results A total of 37 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Most studies (60%) reported that alcohol cue exposure increased tobacco cravings, but only 18% of studies reported that alcohol cue exposure resulted in an increase in ad libitum smoking. There was also substantial heterogeneity between studies due to differences in methodology related to alcohol cue exposure, measures of tobacco cravings, as well as variable participant and study characteristics. Conclusions Alcohol cue exposure can increase cravings for tobacco. This has important implications for individuals who use both substances but are trying to quit one or both.

scholarly journals Association between Oral Hygiene and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2873
Author(s):  
Cornelia Melinda Adi Santoso ◽  
Fera Ketti ◽  
Taufan Bramantoro ◽  
Judit Zsuga ◽  
Attila Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Visits ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Emerging evidence has linked poor oral hygiene to metabolic syndrome (MetS), but previously, no summary of evidence has been conducted on the topic. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the associations of oral hygiene status and care with MetS. A systematic search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to March 17, 2021, and examination of reference lists was conducted to identify eligible observational studies. A random-effects model was applied to pool the effects of oral hygiene status and care on MetS. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and had sufficient methodological quality. Good oral hygiene status (OR = 0.30 (0.13–0.66); I2 = 91%), frequent tooth brushing (OR = 0.68 (0.58–0.80); I2 = 89%), and frequent interdental cleaning (OR = 0.89 (0.81–0.99); I2 = 27%) were associated with a lower risk of MetS. Only one study examined the association between dental visits and MetS (OR = 1.10 (0.77–1.55)). Our findings suggested that there might be inverse associations of oral hygiene status, tooth-brushing frequency, and interdental cleaning with MetS. However, substantial heterogeneity for tooth-brushing frequency and inconsistent results for oral hygiene status in subgroup analyses were observed. There was insufficient evidence for the association between dental visits and MetS. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate these associations.

scholarly journals POS0716 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FERTILITY OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 607.2-608
Author(s):  
S. Giambalvo ◽  
C. Garaffoni ◽  
E. Silvagni ◽  
F. Furini ◽  
M. Govoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Ovarian Failure ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Quality Assessment

Background:Fertility is thought to be not reduced in women affected by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), however disease-related factors, psychosocial effects of chronic disease as well as medication exposure might impair gonadal function.Objectives:The aim of this systematic review was to explore clinical, hormonal, serological, instrumental and management factors associated with fertility outcomes in women of childbearing age with SLE.Methods:This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. All articles available in English, published from 1972 to 15th August 2020 in Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane Library. Study selection and data collection were performed by two independent reviewers. All data were extracted using a standardized template. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by using the NIH risk-of-bias tool [1].Results:Of 788 abstracts, we included in the review 45 studies of which 1 systematic literature reviews, 16 cross-sectional studies, 15 cohort studies, 12 observational studies and 1 case-series study, with a total of 4656 patients. The mean age was 33.5 ± 5.4 years, while the mean disease duration was 97.4 ± 65.2 months. Figure 1 illustrates the quality of the included studies. Definitions of fertility/premature ovarian failure (POF) adopted in the studies varied in terms of the number of months of amenorrhea considered. Most studies did not use a hormonally based definition of fertility. Clinical factors associated with the development of POF were older age at the time initiation of therapy and older age at the onset of SLE disease. Cyclophosphamide exposure (CYC) and its cumulative dose influenced gonadal function in SLE women, leading to amenorrhoea and ovarian failure, as reported in 19 studies. Mycophenolate, azathioprine, calcineurin inhibitors and steroids seem to be associated with a lower risk of ovarian failure compared to CYC. 3 studies demonstrated that POF was more frequent in patients treated with CYC not receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH) in comparison to those co-treated with GnRH. 11 studies evaluated the impact of damage and disease activity on ovarian reserve in patients with SLE with conflicting evidence. Finally, 18 studies investigated exposure to hormonal and serological factors able to influence fertility outcomes; among others nor Anti-Müllerian Hormone, neither anti-corpus luteum antibodies were associated with POF.Conclusion:The role of disease activity on fertility in SLE patients is contradictory. Regarding management factors associated with fertility in SLE women of childbearing age, the strongest evidence is about the treatment with CYC and its cumulative dose. Hormonal and serological factors did not impact on fertility outcome but might be used as a surrogate of fertility, especially after treatment with disease-specific drugs.References:[1]Study Quality Assessment Tools NIH. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools.[2]Andreoli L. et al. EULAR recommendations for women’s health and the management of family planning, assisted reproduction, pregnancy and menopause in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and/or antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017; 76: 476–485.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals An analysis and systematic review of sarcopenia increasing osteopenia risk

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250437
Author(s):  
Zhaowei Teng ◽  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Xiaochao Yu ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Qing Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Muscle Disorder ◽  
The Stability

Sarcopenia is a progressive generalized skeletal muscle disorder, which may increase the risk of osteopenia. The aim of this study was to systematically review studies on the association between sarcopenia and osteopenia by pooled analysis. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception to October 2020 for studies focusing on the association between sarcopenia and osteopenia. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality. A pooled analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity and the stability of outcome. A total of 25 independent studies involving 47,744 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Sarcopenia significantly increased the risk of osteopenia (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.66–2.60); Sensitivity analyses indicated the outcome was stable. Subgroup analyses showed that sarcopenia significantly increased osteopenia risk in each subgroup. No evidence of publication bias among the studies existed. In this study, our findings showed that sarcopenia significantly increased the risk of osteopenia. Thus, we suggest that sarcopenia can be a predictor of osteopenia risk.

A Systematic Review of the Relationships Between Physical Activity and Sleep in Early Childhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Christine W. St. Laurent ◽  
Katrina Rodheim ◽  
Rebecca M.C. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Study Designs

The aim of this systematic review was to examine the associations between physical activity and sleep in children aged less than 6 years. Articles were included if participants were primarily aged less than 6 years and study designs were observational or experimental. Study characteristics were extracted, and the Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was used to assess study quality. Thirty-six studies (16 sleep, 16 physical activity, and three fitness outcomes) from 18 countries reported in 29 articles were included. The majority of sleep and physical activity outcome studies reported mixed effects with very low to low quality of evidence. Fitness outcome studies were limited, and therefore, evidence was insufficient. The high prevalence of mixed and null results could be related to study limitations. Importantly, this review points to the critical need for higher quality studies of sleep and physical activity in young children, which would support health recommendations and intervention strategies for healthier child development.

scholarly journals Surgical Intervention for Paediatric Infusion-Related Extravasation Injury: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Little ◽  
S Dupré ◽  
JCR Wormald ◽  
MD Gardiner ◽  
C Gale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Case Series ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
List Type ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Study Quality Assessment

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review aims to assess the quality of literature supporting surgical interventions for paediatric extravasation injury and to determine and summarize their outcomes.MethodsWe performed a systematic review by searching Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE as well as AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and clinicaltrials.gov from inception to February 2019. All studies other than case reports were eligible for inclusion if the population was younger than 18 years old, there was a surgical intervention aimed at treating extravasation injury and they reported on outcomes. Risk of bias was graded according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) study quality assessment tools.Results26 studies involving 728 children were included – one before-and-after study and 25 case series. Extravasation injuries were mainly confined to skin and subcutaneous tissues but severe complications were also encountered, including amputation (one toe and one below elbow). Of the surgical treatments described, the technique of multiple puncture wounds and instillation of saline and/or hyaluronidase was the most commonly used. However, there were no studies in which its effectiveness was tested against another treatment or a control and details of functional and aesthetic outcomes were generally lacking.ConclusionThere is a lack of high quality evidence to support treatment of extravasation injury in children. A definitive trial of extravasation injuries, or a centralized extravasation register using a universal grading scheme and core outcome set with adequate follow-up, are required to provide evidence to guide clinician decision-making.Strengths and LimitationsA systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPEROTwo authors used a bespoke inclusion/exclusion form to independently assess study eligibilityStudies were eligible for inclusion if the population was younger than 18 years old, if there was a surgical intervention aimed at treating extravasation injury in any setting and if they reported on short- or long-term outcomesTwo researchers also independently assessed the included studies’ risk of methodological bias using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) study quality assessment tools18 years old may represent a relatively arbitrary cut-off age to differentiate between ‘paediatric’ and ‘adult’ in terms of extravasation injury

scholarly journals 0397 Neighborhood Physical and Social Environments and Sleep Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A152-A152
Author(s):  
S L Mayne ◽  
J A Mitchell ◽  
S Virudachalam ◽  
A A Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Sleep Assessment ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Pediatric Sleep

Abstract Introduction Understanding salient environmental determinants of pediatric sleep is essential for informing interventions and public health initiatives. Emerging evidence suggests the neighborhood environment can impact pediatric sleep. We are conducting a systematic review of studies examining associations of neighborhood physical and social environments with sleep among children and adolescents. Methods We searched 6 databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsychInfo) using search terms related to sleep, neighborhood environment, and pediatric populations to identify English-language articles with an abstract. We identified and screened 2,581 abstracts. Inclusion criteria included 1) assessing associations of ≥1 neighborhood-level factor with ≥1 sleep outcome and 2) including participants ≤18 years. We excluded review articles, protocols, qualitative and non-human studies. In total, 134 full-text articles were independently reviewed by 2 reviewers each to confirm eligibility. One reviewer abstracted preliminary data from included studies. Next steps include independent data abstraction by two reviewers using a standardized form, synthesis of results, and assessment of study quality according to the study design, sleep assessment method, sampling strategy, and control for confounding. Results Sixty-one articles met inclusion criteria. Fourteen articles included children aged 0-5 years, 38 included children aged 6-12 years, and 36 included adolescents aged 13-18 years (25 included multiple age groups). Twenty-two studies (36%) used objective sleep assessment methods (e.g. actigraphy). Seven studies (11%) examined sleep apnea/snoring. The most common neighborhood-level factors were safety/crime/community violence (n=28) and socioeconomic status (n=25), with fewer studies examining other exposures like noise (n=7) and social cohesion (n=4). Results on key associations and study quality are forthcoming. Conclusion A growing body of epidemiological data has emerged in recent years to provide insight into how the neighborhood environment can impact pediatric sleep. Preliminary results suggest few studies have examined associations of the built environment with sleep, with most studies focusing on school-aged children and adolescents. Support This work was supported by: the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia’s Possibilities Project (SLM); Sleep Research Society Foundation and K23HD094905 (AAW); NIH/NHLBI K01HL123612 (JAM)

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Passing as Non-Autistic in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Libsack ◽  
Elliot Keenan ◽  
Caroline Freden ◽  
Julianne Mirmina ◽  
Nathaniel Iskhakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Ethnicity Data

While long described in anecdotal accounts of the lived experiences of autistic individuals, the phenomenon of behaving in ways that appear inconsistent with the presence of autism (or passing as non-autistic; PAN) has recently seen a dramatic increase in scrutiny in the published scientific literature. Increased research attention has coincided with a proliferation of methods, definitions, measures, and population assumptions associated with PAN. To date, however, no review has sought to systematically identify and synthesize the literature on PAN. This systematic review reflects the state of the PAN literature as of May 2020. Ninety articles were screened, 66 were identified for evaluation, and 46 met inclusion criteria and were reliably coded for study characteristics and participant characteristics. Results reveal that the PAN literature includes a relatively even mix of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method studies, and that a variety of terms are used for PAN (with masking and camouflage being the most frequent). Sample sizes varied widely (from one to 832 participants), with 63.06% of participants being categorized as autistic. Nearly all studies reported methods for confirming autism diagnoses, with community and clinical diagnoses being most common. The majority of studies reported participant gender, with slightly more females included than males on average, but fewer than half of all studies compared PAN across genders. Nearly all studies reported participant age, demonstrating a wide range of 2 to 79 years, with a mean age of 23.85. Conversely, only 23.91% of studies provided participant race or ethnicity data. Nearly all studies formally or informally excluded participants with intellectual disability. Finally, measures of internalizing symptoms, which are often thought to be linked to PAN, were reported in only 17.4% of studies. Implications for gaps in understanding of PAN and future directions for the field are discussed.

Communication interventions and their impact on behaviour in the young child: A systematic review

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Law ◽  
Charlene C Plunkett ◽  
Helen Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Communication Interventions ◽  
Models Of Service Delivery

Speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) and social, emotional and behaviour difficulties (SEBD) commonly overlap, yet we know relatively little about the mechanism linking the two, specifically to what extent it is possible to reduce behaviour difficulties by targeted communication skills. The EPPI Centre systematic review methodology was applied to the intervention literature related to primary school aged children with both SLCN and SEBD. Studies were graded for study quality. Nineteen studies including 148 children met the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity was high in terms of symptoms, methodology, interventions and outcomes. All studies reported positive effects of intervention on both communication and behavioural outcomes although the majority were graded as being of relatively low quality. Despite study limitations the findings suggest that this is a promising direction of enquiry. There remain many gaps in the evidence, for example study quality needs to improve, comparative work is rare and it is difficult to use these interventions to reflect on the type of systemic classroom models of service delivery recommended for many of these children. The results have implications for both clinical practice and further research.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cardiac Injury on COVID-19 Patients Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Nisa Amnifolia Niazta ◽  
Hiradipta Ardining ◽  
Muchammad Dzikrul Haq Karimullah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Study Quality Assessment ◽  
Grade Approach

Background: Cardiovascular system was the second most common organ system affected by COVID-19. Cardiac injury has been reported in many COVID-19 cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between cardiac injury with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis study. The relevant studies were identified through scientific electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect up to August 2020. The study quality assessment was conducted using the GRADE approach. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the random-effects model. Results: A total of 10 studies involving 2619 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The incidence of cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients was 28.5%. The all-cause mortality was significantly higher in patients with cardiac injury (52.8% vs. 13.1%; OR = 13.78; 95% CI = 7.22-26.32; I 2 = 88%; Z= 7.95; P < 0.00001). Conclusion: Cardiac injury is associated with higher mortality in COVID-19 patients. The cardiac injury should be considered as an important variable in the risk stratification for mortality in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Pregnancy-Associated Malaria and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M Thompson ◽  
Stephanie M Eick ◽  
Cody Dailey ◽  
Ariella P Dale ◽  
Mansi Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW), which are among the leading causes of infant mortality globally. Rates of PTB and LBW are high in countries with a high burden of malaria. PAM may be a contributing factor to PTB and LBW, but is not well understood. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between PAM and PTB or LBW using PubMed. The title and abstract of all studies were screened by two reviewers, and the full text of selected studies was reviewed to ensure they met inclusion criteria. Information regarding study characteristics and of PTB and LBW births among women with and without PAM was abstracted for included studies. Results Our search terms yielded 2237 articles, of which 18 met our final inclusion criteria. Eight studies examined associations between PAM and PTB, and 10 examined associations between PAM and LBW (population size ranging from 35 to 9956 women). The overall risk of LBW was 63% higher among women with PAM compared with women without PAM (95% CI = 1.48–1.80) and the risk of PTB was 23% higher among women with PAM compared with women without PAM (95% CI = 1.07–1.41). Conclusions These results indicate that infection with PAM is associated with PTB and LBW. Further understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and the immunologic changes that occur during pregnancy is essential for reducing the disproportional effects this disease has on this vulnerable population.

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