scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Passing as Non-Autistic in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Libsack ◽  
Elliot Keenan ◽  
Caroline Freden ◽  
Julianne Mirmina ◽  
Nathaniel Iskhakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Ethnicity Data

While long described in anecdotal accounts of the lived experiences of autistic individuals, the phenomenon of behaving in ways that appear inconsistent with the presence of autism (or passing as non-autistic; PAN) has recently seen a dramatic increase in scrutiny in the published scientific literature. Increased research attention has coincided with a proliferation of methods, definitions, measures, and population assumptions associated with PAN. To date, however, no review has sought to systematically identify and synthesize the literature on PAN. This systematic review reflects the state of the PAN literature as of May 2020. Ninety articles were screened, 66 were identified for evaluation, and 46 met inclusion criteria and were reliably coded for study characteristics and participant characteristics. Results reveal that the PAN literature includes a relatively even mix of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method studies, and that a variety of terms are used for PAN (with masking and camouflage being the most frequent). Sample sizes varied widely (from one to 832 participants), with 63.06% of participants being categorized as autistic. Nearly all studies reported methods for confirming autism diagnoses, with community and clinical diagnoses being most common. The majority of studies reported participant gender, with slightly more females included than males on average, but fewer than half of all studies compared PAN across genders. Nearly all studies reported participant age, demonstrating a wide range of 2 to 79 years, with a mean age of 23.85. Conversely, only 23.91% of studies provided participant race or ethnicity data. Nearly all studies formally or informally excluded participants with intellectual disability. Finally, measures of internalizing symptoms, which are often thought to be linked to PAN, were reported in only 17.4% of studies. Implications for gaps in understanding of PAN and future directions for the field are discussed.

Is Individual Child Play Therapy Effective?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Drisko ◽  
Perri Corvino ◽  
Lisa Kelly ◽  
Jane Nielson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Play Therapy ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Individual Child ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Child Play ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Wide Range

This article reports a systematic review of the effectiveness of individual child play therapy with children aged 4–12 on several different presenting concerns. From over 5,000 citations, 180 studies were reviewed in detail and 17 met the inclusion criteria. A wide range of results on different concerns were revealed, with effect sizes ranging from d = –0.04 to g = 3.63, though most ranged from .35 to .80. Across most concerns, play therapy was affirmed as an empirically supported therapy.

scholarly journals Decompression surgery for spinal metastases: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. E2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara Bakar ◽  
Joseph E. Tanenbaum ◽  
Kevin Phan ◽  
Vincent J. Alentado ◽  
Michael P. Steinmetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Spinal Metastases ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Spinal Tumors ◽  
Decompression Surgery ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Posterior Decompression ◽  
Wide Range

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on reported outcomes following decompression surgery for spinal metastases. METHODS The authors conducted MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science database searches for studies reporting clinical outcomes and complications associated with decompression surgery for metastatic spinal tumors. Both retrospective and prospective studies were included. After meeting inclusion criteria, articles were categorized based on the following reported outcomes: survival, ambulation, surgical technique, neurological function, primary tumor histology, and miscellaneous outcomes. RESULTS Of the 4148 articles retrieved from databases, 36 met inclusion criteria. Of those included, 8 were prospective studies and 28 were retrospective studies. The year of publication ranged from 1992 to 2015. Study size ranged from 21 to 711 patients. Three studies found that good preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS ≥ 80%) was a significant predictor of survival. No study reported a significant effect of time-to-surgery following the onset of spinal cord compression symptoms on survival. Three studies reported improvement in neurological function following surgery. The most commonly cited complication was wound infection or dehiscence (22 studies). Eight studies reported that preoperative ambulatory or preoperative motor status was a significant predictor of postoperative ambulatory status. A wide variety of surgical techniques were reported: posterior decompression and stabilization, posterior decompression without stabilization, and posterior decompression with total or subtotal tumor resection. Although a wide range of functional scales were used to assess neurological outcomes, four studies used the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale to assess neurological function. Four studies reported the effects of radiation therapy and local disease control for spinal metastases. Two studies reported that the type of treatment was not significantly associated with the rate of local control. The most commonly reported primary tumor types included lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, renal cancer, and gastrointestinal cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study reports a systematic review of the literature on decompression surgery for spinal metastases. The results of this study can help educate surgeons on the previously published predictors of outcomes following decompression surgery for metastatic spinal disease. However, the authors also identify significant gaps in the literature and the need for future studies investigating the optimal practice with regard to decompression surgery for spinal metastases.

scholarly journals The Facilitators, Obstacles and Needs of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Conditions Accessing Further and Higher Education: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky Toor ◽  
Terry Hanley ◽  
Judith Hebron
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
College And University ◽  
University Life ◽  
Qualitative Literature

Many young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) intend to go to college and/or university, yet research suggests that these individuals find aspects of college and university life challenging. To explore the views of individuals directly affected by these challenges, a systematic review of the existing qualitative literature in this area was conducted. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis of these articles identified six superordinate themes: the involvement of professionals; academic, environmental, and social factors; wellbeing; communication; and understanding. The facilitators, obstacles and needs of students pervaded these themes and are discussed alongside implications for counsellors and psychologists working in schools.

Prevalence and determinants of motor stereotypies in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Melo ◽  
Luís Ruano ◽  
Joana Jorge ◽  
Tiago Pinto Ribeiro ◽  
Guiomar Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Lower Intelligence

Stereotypies are frequently reported in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but remain one of the less explained phenomena. We aimed to describe, through a systematic review and a meta-analysis, the prevalence of motor stereotypies in ASD and study the factors that influence this prevalence. Our literature search included MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. Quality and risk of bias were assessed. Thirty-seven studies were included and the median prevalence of motor stereotypies in ASD was 51.8%, ranging from 21.9% to 97.5%. The most frequent determinants associated with a higher number of stereotypies in ASD were a younger age, lower intelligence quotient, and a greater severity of ASD. Moreover, gender did not seem to influence the prevalence of stereotypies. Meta-analytic analysis showed that lower IQ and autism diagnosis (independent of IQ) are associated with a higher prevalence of motor stereotypies (odds ratio = 2.5 and 4.7, respectively). Limitations of the reviewed literature include the use of convenience samples, with small sizes and heterogeneous inclusion criteria, and the predominance of high-functioning autism individuals.

Morphine or hydromorphone: which should be preferred? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-319059
Author(s):  
Sarah Spénard ◽  
Charles Gélinas ◽  
Evelyne D. Trottier ◽  
Fannie Tremblay-Racine ◽  
Niina Kleiber
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Epidural Administration ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review available paediatric literature on comparisons between morphine (Mo) and hydromorphone (Hm), to guide clinicians to rationally use these medications.DesignSystematic review within four databases for all studies published from 1963 to July 2019.SettingAll paediatric settings.EligibilityAll studies comparing Mo to Hm in individuals younger than 21 years.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was to compare clinical efficacy and side effects of Mo and Hm. The secondary outcomes were the comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles and the description of predefined Mo to Hm conversion ratios used across the paediatric literature.ResultsAmong 754 abstracts reviewed, 59 full-text articles met inclusion criteria and 24 studies were included in the analysis: 4 studies compared pharmacodynamics of Mo and Hm and 20 studies reported the use of a predefined Mo to Hm conversion ratio. Most studies had a poor methodological quality. Available evidence suggests that, when given intravenously, the equianalgesic ratio of Mo to Hm is 5:1. Intravenous administration with this ratio results in a similar rate of adverse effects, including pruritus and nausea. The epidural administration with a ratio of 10:1 results in more pruritus and urinary retention with Mo than Hm. Pharmacokinetic data were reported in only one study. A wide range of pre-established ratios for different routes of administration were reported, but few were based on evidence.ConclusionCurrent literature does not permit a rational choice between Mo and Hm. A ratio of 5:1 seems adequate for intravenous administration and leads to a similar rate of adverse effects.

A systematic review of research methodology in telemedicine studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Whitten ◽  
Liv Karen Johannessen ◽  
Tove Soerensen ◽  
Deede Gammon ◽  
Michael Mackert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Patient Studies ◽  
Selection Of

We conducted a systematic review of 15 relevant databases for articles about telemedicine. After eliminating articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 1615 remained for analysis. Three raters coded the articles to assess various theoretical and methodological variables. Only 5% ( n = 85) of the telemedicine articles made mention of any theory or paradigmatic approach. Studies commonly reported the objectives (96%) but rarely stated a research question or hypothesis (11%). Randomized selection of the subjects was reported in 11% of patient studies and 4% of studies where providers were the subject. There was a wide range in the number of subjects employed, although the majority of studies were based on sample sizes of less than 100. Only 26% of the studies reported a time frame. Until the telemedicine field adheres to agreed standards of reporting methodological details it will be difficult to draw firm conclusions from review studies.

scholarly journals Temporal Synchrony in Autism: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Murat Baldwin ◽  
Zhuoni Xiao ◽  
Aja Louise Murray
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Temporal Synchrony ◽  
Intervention Method ◽  
The Difference

A large number of studies have reported that autistic individuals show differences in their performance on temporal asynchrony tasks as compared to neurotypical individuals. Specifically, autistic individuals appear to show a reduced tendency towards synchrony. However, the evidence has hitherto not been reviewed in a systematic way, making it difficult to be sure of the magnitude and generalisability of the difference across different tasks and contexts. The present review aimed to systematically collect and synthesise the data on various types of temporal synchrony in autism across all ages in order to address this gap. A systematic search of the EBSCO, OVID, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted, and the search strategies involved keywords and synonyms for “autism”, “temporal” and “synchrony”. Thirty-two studies were identified that met our inclusion criteria: 13 in the domain of audio-visual; three in audio-motor; three in visuo-tactile; three in visuo-motor; three in social motor; and five in conversational synchrony. An additional two studies focused on adapting an intervention method to improve interpersonal temporal synchrony in autistic individuals. The findings suggest that autistic participants showed reduced synchrony tendencies in every category of temporal synchrony that was reviewed. The findings are discussed in relation to existing knowledge of temporal processing and integration differences in autism. Limitations, future directions and potential clinical implications are also discussed.

scholarly journals Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12257
Author(s):  
Zubair Ahmed Ratan ◽  
Anne-Maree Parrish ◽  
Sojib Bin Zaman ◽  
Mohammad Saud Alotaibi ◽  
Hassan Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Background: Smartphones play a critical role in increasing human–machine interactions, with many advantages. However, the growing popularity of smartphone use has led to smartphone overuse and addiction. This review aims to systematically investigate the impact of smartphone addiction on health outcomes. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to carry out the systematic review. Five electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to identify eligible studies. Eligible studies were screened against predetermined inclusion criteria and data were extracted according to the review questions. This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181404). The quality of the articles was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: A total of 27 of 2550 articles met the inclusion criteria. All of the studies were cross-sectional and focused on physical, mental, and neurological health outcomes. The majority of the studies focused on mental health outcomes and consistent associations were observed between smartphone addiction and several mental health outcomes. Anxiety and depression were commonly found to mediate mental health problems. A wide range of physical health sequelae was also associated with smartphone addiction. Furthermore, there was an association between smartphone addiction and neurological disorders. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there are consistent associations between smartphone addiction and physical and mental health, especially mental health. Social awareness campaigns about smartphone addiction and its impact on physical and mental health are needed. Further studies, especially randomized controlled trials, are warranted to validate the impacts of smartphone addiction.

A Systematic Review of the Research on Gifted Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 001698622110618
Author(s):  
Nicholas W. Gelbar ◽  
Alexandra A. Cascio ◽  
Joseph W. Madaus ◽  
Sally M. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Academically Talented ◽  
Twice Exceptional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Current

This article includes a current research synthesis on a subpopulation of twice exceptional individuals, those who are academically talented with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This population is emerging as an increasing focus of research, as the numbers of individuals identified are increasing. A total of 32 articles were included using the study’s inclusion criteria, and of these 32 articles, 62.5% presented data, whereas the remaining 37.5% were review or conceptual articles. This review of articles published between 1996 and 2019 suggests little research is being conducted on this population. Some of the research conducted recently involve case studies, others are correlational in nature, and most are descriptive, focusing on participants’ characteristics and how they were identified. A wide range of definitions were utilized in the literature, and to date, no empirical research has been published about this population. Implications from the current research base and suggestions for future research are included.

The Effect of Alcohol Cue Exposure on Tobacco-Related Cue Reactivity: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma V Ritchie ◽  
Chelsea Fitzpatrick ◽  
Paul E Ronksley ◽  
Alexander A Leung ◽  
Sydney Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
Study Quality Assessment

Abstract Aims To examine the effect of alcohol cue exposure on tobacco-related cravings, self-administration and other measures of tobacco-related cue reactivity. Methods We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus from inception to May 2020 for articles reporting on a combination of cue reactivity (and/or cross-cue reactivity), alcohol use and tobacco consumption. A semi-quantitative analysis and study quality assessment were performed for the included articles. Results A total of 37 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Most studies (60%) reported that alcohol cue exposure increased tobacco cravings, but only 18% of studies reported that alcohol cue exposure resulted in an increase in ad libitum smoking. There was also substantial heterogeneity between studies due to differences in methodology related to alcohol cue exposure, measures of tobacco cravings, as well as variable participant and study characteristics. Conclusions Alcohol cue exposure can increase cravings for tobacco. This has important implications for individuals who use both substances but are trying to quit one or both.

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