scholarly journals Biological Control of Cabbage Maggot on Cruciferous Crops with Parasitic Nematodes, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
Donald J. Prostak
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematodes ◽  
Loose Soil ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cabbage Plant ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

Abstract Cabbage was transplanted on 10 May with radish and turnip seeded on 11 May into three separate adjacent plots at the Snyder Research and Extension Farm, Pittstown, NJ. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and consisted of single rows, 20 ft long on 3 ft centers with 2 ft between cabbage plants and approximately 2 inches between radish and turnip plants. Buffers were 3 ft between rows and 1 ft between plots within rows. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. Treatments were applied on 25 May and 9 Jun by digging a shallow, circular trench 3 inches deep and 3 to 5 inches from the base of each cabbage plant. Around each plant, 500 ml of water containing two rates of entomophagus nematodes were deposited. After the application, the trench was filled with loose soil. Nematodes were applied to radish and turnip rows by a watering bucket centered over the row and delivering two rates of nematodes as a dilute drench at the rate of 500 ml per 2 ft of row, 5 inches wide. Crops were irrigated with 1/2 inches of water immediately after application. Cabbage plots were evaluated on 14 Jul by examining 5 plants from the middle of each replicate. Three ft of each radish and 4.5 ft of each turnip row were evaluated on 13 Jun and 7 Jul, respectively. All maggot damage was identified and counted.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Imported Cabbageworm on Mid-Season Cabbage, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
Donald J. Prostak
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Kinetic Treatment

Abstract Cabbage was transplanted on 14 Jul at the Snyder Research and Extension Farm, Pittstown, NJ. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and consisted of single rows, 30 ft long on 5 ft centers with 3 ft between plants. Buffers were 5 ft between rows and 12 ft between plots within rows. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. Treatments were applied on 24 and 31 Jul with a CO2-pressurized single hollow-cone nozzle, hand-held sprayer that delivered 73.5 gal/acre at 45 psi directed at the upper surface of all leaves. Biofilm, a spreader-sticker, was added at the rate of 8 oz/100 gal to all treatments except the Agree + K (Kinetic) treatment. Kinetic was added at the rate of 12 oz/100 gal. Plots were evaluated on 30 Jul and 5 Aug by examining 5 plants from the middle of each replicate. All ICW larvae on the plants were identified and counted.

scholarly journals Control of Imported Cabbageworm on Late Season Cabbage, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
Donald J. Prostak
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract Cabbage was transplanted on 9 Aug at the Snyder Research and Extension Farm, Pittstown, NJ. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and consisted of single rows, 30 ft long on 5 ft centers with 3 ft between plants. Buffers were 5 ft between rows and 12 ft between plots within rows. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. Treatments were applied on 15, 18 Sep, and 1 Oct with a COz-pressurized single hollow-cone nozzle, hand-held sprayer that delivered 73.5 gal/acre directed at the upper surface of all leaves. Activator 90, a spreader-sticker, was added at the rate of 1 pt/100 gal to all treatments. Plots were evaluated on 28 Sep and 5 Oct by examining 5 plants from the middle of each replicate. All ICW larvae on the leaves were identified and counted.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean with Sporidesmium sclerotivorum

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. del Rio ◽  
C. A. Martinson ◽  
X. B. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Commercial Field

Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum to control Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean (SSR) at Ames, Humboldt, and Kanawha, IA, between 1996 and 1998. Experimental plots (3 × 3 m) were infested with S. sclerotivorum macroconidia once at a rate of 0, 2, or 20 spores per cm2 in the fall of 1995 or the spring of 1996, under two crop rotation schemes. A randomized complete block design with four replications in each location was used. Plots infested with 20 spores per cm2 had 62% less SSR (P = 0.05) than control plots at Humboldt in 1996. No differences were detected between fall and spring applications. In 1998, plots treated with either 2 or 20 spores per cm2 had 51 to 63% less SSR (P = 0.05) than control plots at Ames and Kanawha. In 1998, SSR was completely suppressed in all plots at Humboldt, while the commercial field surrounding the experimental plots had 17% SSR. S. sclerotivorum was retrieved from all infested plots at all locations 2 years after infestation with sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as bait. At Humboldt, S. sclerotivorum was also retrieved from control plots. Two larger plots (10 × 10 m) were infested with 20 or 100 spores per cm2 in the fall of 1996 or spring of 1997 in six commercial fields. SSR incidence, which was measured in transects up to 20 m from the infested area at 5-m intervals, was reduced 56 to 100% (P = 0.05) in four fields compared with the surrounding uninfested areas in the commercial fields. Dispersal of the control agent was evident by the fact that SSR incidence gradually increased from the edge of the infested macroplots up to about 10 m into noninoculated areas of the commercial field. This paper constitutes the first report describing the biocontrol of a disease on field crops that may be employed economically.

scholarly journals The Potential of Potassium Fertilizers in Improving the Availability and Uptake of Potassium in Rice Grown on Entisol

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Sri Hartati ◽  
. Suryono ◽  
Lia Sari Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Loose Soil ◽  
High K ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Marginal Soil

Entisol is a marginal soil spreading over some areas in Indonesia. It has loose soil consistency, low aggregation rates, sensitive to erosion, and low nutrient content. Entisol has high K deficiency.  Potassium plays an important role in rice growth (Oryza sativa). The aim of the research was to study the effects of  type and dose of potassium fertilizers on available K in Entisol and its uptake by rice plants. The study was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 2 factors, i.e. the types of potassium fertilizers (KCl, ZK and KNO3) and doses of potassium fertilizers (0 kg K2O ha-1, 50 kg K2O ha-1, 100 kg K2O ha-1, and 150 kg K2O ha-1), with three replications. The results showed that the type of potassium fertilizers applied resulted in similar effects on almost all soil and plant parameters. The dose of potassium fertilizers significantly affected all  soil and plant parameters, the higher the doses, the higher the values of the parameters observed.

scholarly journals DUS Characterisation of Advanced Recombinant Lines of Kalanamak Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Using Morphological Descriptors and Quality Parameters

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Banshidhar . ◽  
Priyanka Jaiswal ◽  
Mithilesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Indra Deo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Crop Research

The present investigation was undertaken with the objective of DUS characterisation of advanced recombinant lines of Kalanamak rice for 47 visually assessed characters and 15 quantitative characters. Trials were conducted for two seasons during Kharif 2016 and 2017 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre (NEBCRC), G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (GBPUAT), Pantnagar, Uttarakhand in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications with the spacing of 20 cm × 15 cm and the recommended cultural practices were followed. For this data were recorded for sixty-two DUS descriptors following the guidelines of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Rights Authority (PPV & FRA). In the present study, 27 visually assessed characteristics are found to be monomorphic, 18 are dimorphic and 2 are polymorphic. KARL10 with higher yield, intermediate amylose content, early 50% flowering and early maturity is reported to be best genotypes in respect of desired characteristics and could be used as a potential source for deriving improved lines through selection.

scholarly journals Control of cacao (Theobroma cacao) diseases in Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador

2021 ◽  
pp. 45939
Author(s):  
Vicente Anzules-Toala ◽  
Elvis Pazmiño-Bonilla ◽  
Leonel Alvarado-Huamán ◽  
Ricardo Borjas-Ventura ◽  
Viviana Castro-Cepero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Cocoa Plantation

Introduction. Ecuador occupies the fourth place in cocoa exports with 293,487 tons per year, produced on 559,617 hectares. However, its yield per hectare is low mainly due to the presence of pathogens that affect the pods. Objective. To evaluates different methods of control of pathogens of the Theobroma cacao cv ‘CCN-51’ pod. Materials and methods. The work was carried out in Luz de America, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador, between 2016 and 2017. The treatments were the result of the combination of cultural practices + two fungicides (Chlorothalonil and Pyraclostrobin) + one biofungicide Serenade® (Bacillus subtilis QST713), with and without fertilizers. In total, 16 treatments were evaluated with 3 replicates or blocks, installed in a commercial cocoa plantation cv ‘CCN-51’ and under a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results. The use of fungicides (chemical and biological), decreased the incidence of moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri), black pod rot (Phytophthora spp.), and cherelle wilt; but the application of fertilizers did not increase the effectiveness of these products. Treatment with only cultural practices did not decrease the final incidence of moniliasis, nor of brown rot, in contrast, the final incidence of cherelle wilt increased. The number of pods and the yield were not directly related and the highest yield of fermented and dry cocoa, corresponded to T9 [Cultural labors + Serenade® (0.2 kg ha-1) (every 15 days) + Fertilizer (0.3 kg ha-1) + Fertilizer (1 kg plant-1)], a treatment that also had the highest net income per hectare. Conclusion. Chemical and biological control can manage cocoa pods pathogens. The integration of both control methods allowed the cocoa producer to obtain greater income.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L) Genotypes for Growth and Yield Attributes in Plains of Eastern Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Tika Ram Chapagain ◽  
Amit Prasad Timilsina ◽  
Sabita Sharma ◽  
Kumar Mani Dahal ◽  
Samid Ahamad
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plot Area

An experiment was conducted in order to identify the productive genotype of turmeric for the plains of Nepal. In 2017 and 2018, seven promising turmeric genotypes (CI 0207, CI 0205, CI 9102, CI 1312, CI 0503, CI 0507, and CI 0201) were compared with KKH-1 in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications at the Directorate of Agricultural Research, Tarahara, Nepal. The plants were 30 cm x 30 cm apart, with 40 plants per 3.6 m2 plot area. Cultural practices were followed in accordance with the recommendations. Analysis of variance, correlation, cluster, and GGEbiplot analysis were performed on the observed data. From the pooled analysis of two years of data, the results showed significant differences in plant height and fresh rhizome yield among genotypes. The rhizome yield of KKH-1 was found significantly higher (19.36 t ha-1) than CI 0205 and CI 9102 and at par with other genotypes. Weight of mother rhizome had significant positive correlation (r = 0.602**) with yield of fresh rhizome. Though KKH-1 yielded the highest fresh rhizome, the cluster and GGEbiplot analysis identified CI0207 as one of the potential turmeric clones next to KKH-1.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Selected Agroindustrial Wastes in Managing Root-Knot Nematodes on Black Nightshade in Kenya

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shem Bonuke Nchore ◽  
J. W. Waceke ◽  
G. M. Kariuki
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Lower Severity

Black nightshade is commercially cultivated in Kenya as a source of nutrition and income to the rural populations. Besides insect pests, root-knot nematodes (RKN) are important production constraints of this vegetable. Little information is available on the efficacy of Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl (TD) and agro-industrial wastes of pyrethrum marc (PM) and tea residue (Tres) on RKN. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the optimum levels of amending soils with TD, PM, vegetable waxy resins (VWR), Tres and cattle manure (CM) at their respective rates for management of RKN. The amendments were incorporated into the soil 14 days before sowing the seeds. Thereafter 21-day-old seedlings were inoculated with ten egg-masses, with four replications arranged in randomized complete block design. Plant growth and disease parameters were assessed and subjected to ANOVA. Disease severity and population reduced significantly at levels 2 and 3 for most amendments with the highest top biomass recorded in CM, TD and PM. Higher levels of Tres and VWR caused stunting and reduced biomass. Lower severity occurred in VWR, Tres, PM, and CM at 20%, 28.0, 9.0, and 9.0 g/kg soil, respectively, with reproduction ranging from 0.3 to 3.7 recorded on amended soils with Tres at 32.0 g/kg, TD at 8 g/kg soil and CM at 9.0 g/kg. Higher yields, lower severity and reproduction were found on soil with PM, Tres, TD, CM and VWR at 9.0, 28.0, 8.0, 9.0 g/kg soil, and 20.0%, respectively. These amendments are alternatives in ecofriendly management of RKN and other plant parasitic nematodes.

scholarly journals The Aplications Biological Control of the Pest Population ( Plutella xylostella Linn. And C. pavonana Zell.) and Their Natural Enemies in Cabbage Plants in the Village Kalibaru Kulon, District Banyuwangi

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Helmi Helmi ◽  
Didik Sulistyanto ◽  
Purwatiningsih Purwatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Village

The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of biological control agens  to the population of pests  and their natural enemies in cabbage crops in agricultural land Kalibaru kulon Kab. Banyuwangi. The research was conducted by Randomized Complete Block Design with with five replications. The treatments were Control as P0, Heterorhabditis sp. as P1, Bacillus thuringiensis as P2, Profenofos as P3, Beauveria bassiana as P4, Red bacteria as P5. Data were obtained from observations of pest population and their natural enemies, as well as the percentage decrease in the population of pests and their natural enemies. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD were tested further by 5%. The results showed that Heterorhabditis sp. was the most effective agents to control populations of Plutella xylostela Linn. and Crocidolomia pavonana Zell., this is also indicated by a decrease in pest population of Plutella xylostela by 54.66% and amounted to 47.9% Crocidolomia  pavonana. Aplication biological agens  was not  affect  the population of natural enemies Coccinela repanda, and Verania sp. Keywords : Cabbage, Biological Control, Pests, Natural enemies

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