scholarly journals Control of Tomato Pinworm (Tpw) with Abamectin in Staked Tomato, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-189
Author(s):  
P. A. Stansly ◽  
J. M. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Commercial Plant ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Tomato Pinworm

Abstract Tomato seedings “Agriset” from a commercial plant house were transplanted on 7 Mar 96, 18 in. between plants, into raised beds 32 in. wide on 6-ft centers covered with black polyethylene film mulch. A dry bottom mix of 50 lbs N, 160 lbs P and 80 lbs K per acre had been placed at the bottom of the beds and an additional 3.25 lbs per acre N and K were fertigated 3 times a week by drip irrigation. The plants were sprayed weekly with an alternating combination of Maneb 80 WP at 1.5 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 2 lb/acre and Bravo 720 at 2 pt/acre for disease control. Dipel was added to the disease control sprays when needed at a rate of 1 lb product/acre. Two wing-type traps from AgriSense containing TPW pheromones were set out on 23 Apr. 15 feet to the east and west of the trial area to monitor moth activity. Mean number of moths captured rose from 1.4 per night on 26 Apr to a peak of 33.6 on 10 May, later declining to 8.0 on 20 May. Plots, 30 ft long and 2 rows, wide were assigned one of 3 treatments in a CRB design with 4 replications. All treatments were sprayed weekly from 1 May to 15 May for three applications at 69 gpa using a high clearance sprayer with 2 booms of 3 Yellow Albuz hollow cone nozzles each for a total of 6 per row and operating pressure of 200 psi. Plants (10 per row or 20 total) were evaluated before treatment on 30 Apr and again on 6 and 13 May by counting live and dead miners. Damage for the entire plant was assessed on a rating scale of 1-6: “1” = no apparent damage; “2” = 0-1% of leaflets damaged; “3” = 2-5% damaged; “4” = 6-10% damaged; “5” = 11-30% damaged; and “6” = >30% damaged. Fruit was harvested 21 May from 20 plants per plot and the marketable fruit graded on a commercial table with weights and numbers recorded. Unmarketable fruit was separated into categories of TPW damage, other insect damage and damage due to disease.

scholarly journals Impact of Insecticides Alone and in Rotation on Tomato Pinworm, Leafminer and Beneficial Arthro-Pods on Staked Tomato, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Stansly ◽  
J. M. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Polyethylene Film ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Tomato Pinworm

Abstract Greenhouse-raised tomato seedings were planted 18 inches apart on 4 sets of 3 subirrigated beds, 32 inches wide and 240 ft long, on 12 Mar. Beds were fumigated with a 67/33% mixture of methyl bromide and chloropicrin at a rate of 220 lb acre, fertilized, and covered with black polyethylene film mulch. The middle ‘inoculum’ row of each 3-bed set was left untreated. The remaining 2 beds in each set were divided into 8 plots about 30 ft long to accommodate 14 treatments and untreated check in a RCB design replicated 4 times. Plants were sprayed weekly with a combination of Maneb 80 WP at 1 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 3 lb/acre for disease control. Two wing-type sticky traps, baited with TPW pheromone (Scentry) lures placed in the field to monitor the pinworm population, showed peaks on four dates 3,4, 25 Apr and 2 May when the daily trap catch was 21, 26, 30, and 32, respectively. All other dates had a daily trap average of less than 10. Pre-treatment means of 20.5 LM and 3.4 PW mines/plant were recorded on 11 Apr. Seven weekly treatments were applied from 14 Apr through 30 May using a high-clearance sprayer with 2 booms fitted with “yellow” Albuz® hollow-cone nozzles operating at a pressure of 200 psi. The first 2 applications used 4 nozzles, 2 per boom, to deliver 42 gpa and the last five used 6 nozzles for 65 gpa. Three treatments con-sisted of SpinTor applied for 2 weeks followed by an application of Trigard, Agri-Mek, or Mattch. RH-2485 and Confirm were tank mixed with the adjuvant Latron CS-7 (0.12% v/v). Five weekly counts were made of dead/empty mines and live larvae of the LM and PW from one side of two plants, 4 samples per plot. Weekly vacuum samples of 4 sees from one side of 6 plants were taken beginning 17 Apr using a modified leaf blower. Catch was identified as beneficial (primarily spiders, hymenoptera exclusive of ants and predaceous hemiptera), pests and incidental (mostly flies). Fruit was harvested 3 Jun from 6 plants per plot and the marketable fruit graded on a commercial table with weights and numbers recorded. Unmarketable fruit was separated into categories of infestation with TPW, other insects and disease. Crop value was estimated based on $5,6,7,9 market per box of small, medium, large, and extra large fruit, respectively.

Influence of operating pressure on emitter anti-clogging performance of drip irrigation system with high-sediment water

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Liu ◽  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Yunkai Li ◽  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Ji Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
High Sediment

scholarly journals Control of Southern Armyworm with Bacillus Thuringiensis in Staked Tomato, Fall 1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-191
Author(s):  
P. A. Stansly ◽  
J. M. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Southern Armyworm ◽  
Pump Pressure ◽  
Marketable Size ◽  
High Clearance

Abstract Greenhouse raised tomato seedings “Florasette” were planted 8 Sep. 1994, 18 inches within the row on six subirrigated beds, 240 ft long, 32 ft wide on 6 ft centers. Beds had been fumigated with methyl bromide + chloropicrin 67/33 at a rate of 2201b/acre and mulched with whiteside polyethylene. Each of 4, 125 ft blocks was divided into 4, 3-row plots 25 ft long plus 2.5 ft walkways. Plants were sprayed weekly with an alternating combination of Maneb 80 WP at 1 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 31b/acre and Bravo 720 at 1.5 pt/acre for disease control. Plants were inoculated on 5 Oct with beet armyworm and on 19 Oct with SAW on 19 Oct to supplement natural populations by applying 2-3 neonates (2-3 per plant) in Grito-O-Cobs (20-40 mesh) to foliage with a “bazooka” gun. Treatments and spray schedules are given in Tables 1 and 2. Spray was delivered weekly for 7 weeks starting in 21 Oct using a high clearance sprayer equipped with yellow hollow cone Albuz nozzles at 200 psi pump pressure. Configuration for the first 4 applications was 9 nozzles per row, one overhead and four each side calibrated to deliver 89 GPA. An additional nozzle per side drop was added for the last 3 applications to deliver 110 GPA. Larval populations were evaluated weekly from 21 Oct to 29 Nov on 6 ft of row from the center of each 3-row plot in two-plant (between-stake) units. Larvae were counted in 3 size categories: small, medium and large but only medium and large are reported. Fruit of marketable size was harvested on 21 Nov & 02 Dec and graded on a commercial table with weights and numbers recorded.

A calculation method for the average emitter operating pressure of drip irrigation

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Zhu ◽  
P. T. Wu ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
L. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Operating Pressure

scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO DE DOIS MÉTODOS DE APLICAÇÃO DE FUNGICIDAS, IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO E PULVERIZAÇÃO CONVENCIONAL NO CONTROLE DO MOFO CINZENTO (Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.) EM VASOS COM PLANTAS DE LISIANTHUS (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.)

Irriga ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-338
Author(s):  
Ieoschua Katz ◽  
Antonio Ribeiro da Cunha ◽  
Antonio De Pádua Sousa ◽  
Egberto Egon de Herdani
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Stage Number ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Lower Production

COMPARAÇÃO DE DOIS MÉTODOS DE APLICAÇÃO DE FUNGICIDAS,IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO  E PULVERIZAÇÃO CONVENCIONAL    NO CONTROLE DO MOFO CINZENTO (Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.) EM VASOS COM PLANTAS DE LISIANTHUS (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.)  Ieoschua Katz1; Antonio Ribeiro da Cunha2; Antônio de Pádua Sousa1; Egberto Egon de Herdani11Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciëncias Agronömicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, [email protected] Departamento de Recursos Naturais, , Faculdade de Ciëncias Agronömicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP  1 RESUMO Novas técnicas de combate às doenças têm sido usadas, como os defensivos hidrossolúveis via água de irrigação, a quimigação, um procedimento recente que reduz a mão de obra, com uniformidade na aplicação, menor contato do operador com produtos tóxicos, e menores impacto ambiental e custo de produção. Visando o controle do mofo cinzento (Botrytis cinerea) na cultura do Lisianthus, este trabalho teve o intuito de avaliar dois métodos de aplicação de fungicidas, a aplicação via gotejamento (fungigação) e a pulverização, com diferentes tratamentos. Os fungicidas utilizados foram: thiofanato metílico (50 g i.a. L-1), thiofanato metílico + chlorothalonil (50 g i.a. L-1 + 35 g i.a. L-1) e iprodione (50 g i.a. L-1). Avaliou-se o número de lesões, o número de botões florais e a altura das plantas de Lisianthus. Foi possível concluir que, tanto na fase de crescimento (número de lesões na planta) como na fase final (número de botões florais) da cultura de Lisianthus, os tratamentos 2 (thiofanato metílico + chlorotalonil) e 3 (iprodione) foram os mais eficientes. Considerando que o tratamento 2 é uma mistura de dois fungicidas, o primeiro sistêmico e o segundo de contato, independente das vias de aplicação, a mistura aumentou a eficiência em relação ao tratamento 1 (thiofanato metílico). Com isso, a aplicação por gotejamento (fungigação), revelou eficiência equivalente à técnica de pulverização. UNITERMOS: Lisianthus, quimigação, irrigação por gotejamento, controle de doenças .  KATZ , I.; CUNHA, A. R. da; SOUSA, A. de P.; HERDANI, E.E.de. COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATION, DRIP IRRIGATION AND CONVENTIONAL SPRAYING CONTROL FOR CINEREOUS MILDEW (Cinerea botrytis Pers.:Fr.) IN POTTED PLANTS OF LISIANTHUS (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.)  2 ABSTRACTPlant disease control techniques are used through the irrigation water, which reduces the labor and it improves application uniformity with smaller contact of the operator with toxic products, lower environmental impact and lower production cost. In order to control Botrytis cinerea the Lisianthus culture, this work aimed to evaluate two fungicide application methods with different treatments. The fungicides were: thiophanate methyl (50 gi.a. L-1), thiophanate methyl + chlorothalonil (50 g i.a. L-1 + 35 g i.a. L-1) and iprodione (50 g i.a. L-1). Number of lesions, number of diseased floral buttons and height of the Lisianthus plants were evaluated. It was possible to deduce, that in the growth stage (number of lesions in the plant) as well as in the final stage (number of floral buttons) of the Lisianthus culture, the most efficient treatments were 2 (thiophanate methyl + chlorothalonil) and 3 (iprodione). Considering that treatment 2 is a mixture of two fungicides, a systemic and a contact one, independently of application methods, the mixture increased efficiency in relation to treatment 1 (thiophanate methyl). Thus, chemigation was as efficient as spreading technique. KEYWORDS: Lisianthus, chemigation, drip irrigation, disease control

scholarly journals HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF DRIP LATERALS WITH INSIDE WELDED PRESSURE COMPENSATING DRIPPERS

2019 ◽  
pp. 575-580
Author(s):  
Dimitar Georgiev ◽  
Veselin Karasinkerov
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Head Losses ◽  
Horizontal Part ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Inner Diameter

Lately, the drip irrigation systems built with pressure compensating (PC) drippers (emitters) inside welded in the drip laterals, find more and more application in Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece and other countries having well-developed irrigation-based agriculture, especially where the ground is not flat but rather is of hilly nature. The main advantage of these systems is the provision of uniform flow rate along the laterals and batteries (blocks) in the whole drip systems irrespectively of the alteration of the operating pressure, and, besides, this allows long laterals to be designed. The recommended operating pressure starts from 0.5 – 1.0 atm and reaches 4 – 5 atm. Reaching equal drip flow rate in these systems is realized thanks to an elastic membrane with fixed strength parameters, located at the outlet of the nozzles in a specially arranged bed (nest) for this purpose. The advertisement of the applications of those nozzles in the company catalogs is very intensive but is it true for all types of pressure compensating drippers? In laboratory conditions we carried out hydraulic tests of drip laterals with inside welded pressure compensating drippers, cylinder type, in order to find out the head losses along the drip lateral. The laterals were with a nominal outer diameter 16 mm, inner diameter 13.8 mm, thickness of the wall 1.1 mm and flow rate 2.1 l/h, at intervals of 33 cm between the drippers, with lengths 60, 80 and 100 m. The results showed considerable head losses, with great deviations from the ones obtained by analytic way through formulas. For example, in a 100 m long lateral, the losses reach 60 to 75% of the applied operating pressure at the beginning of the lateral. Some specific data from the tests – in case of inlet pressure of 18, 20 and 25 m, the head losses are respectively 12, 14 and 17 m which means that in case of flat ground and such with back slope it is almost impossible to realize a length of 100 m and more of the lateral. All drippers will not operate at the horizontal part of the curve “pressure-flow rate” but at the transitional part of this curve. It follows from this that irrespectively of the pressure compensating action of those nozzles, this type of laterals will hardly find application in real conditions in the design of an engineering project for drip irrigation respecting the admissible coefficients of the distribution uniformity of the irrigation water. The same is valid for the other tested laterals as well. Sometimes, laying conventional type of laterals is more appropriate and brings better results. All this is due to the considerable minor head losses in those nozzles because of the sizable constriction of the cross section of the laterals by the nest (bed) of the membrane.

scholarly journals PERDA DE CARGA EM FITAS GOTEJADORAS COM EMISSORES MOLDADOS

Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Verônica Gaspar Martins Leite de Melo ◽  
Leonardo Leite de Melo ◽  
José Antônio Frizzone ◽  
Antônio Pires de Camargo ◽  
Patricia Angélica Alves Marques
Keyword(s):  
Friction Factor ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Pipe Inlet

PERDA DE CARGA EM FITAS GOTEJADORAS COM EMISSORES MOLDADOS     VERÔNICA GASPAR MARTINS LEITE DE MELO1; LEONARDO LEITE DE MELO2; JOSÉ ANTÔNIO FRIZZONE3; antônio pires de camargo4 E patricia algélica alves marques5   1 Departamento de Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícola, ESALQ/USP, Av. Pádias, 11, São Dimas, CEP13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícola, ESALQ/USP, Av. Pádias, 11, São Dimas, CEP13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected] 3 Departamento de Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícola, ESALQ/USP, Av. Pádias, 11, São Dimas, CEP13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected] 4 Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola – UNICAMP, Av. Cândido Rondon, 501, Cidade Universitária, CEP 13083 - 875, Campinas, SP, e-mail: [email protected] 5 Departamento de Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícola, ESALQ/USP, Av. Pádias, 11, São Dimas, CEP13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Embora as fitas gotejadoras sejam de baixo custo, é importante que esse material seja avaliado hidraulicamente para prover informações técnicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a perda contínua de carga e o fator de atrito em uma fita gotejadora com emissor moldado em seu interior. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de irrigação da ESALQ/USP. Utilizou-se a fita gotejadora Rain-Tape® fabricada pela Rain Bird®, espessura de parede de 225 µm e emissores tipo labirinto, espaçados de 0,30 m, vazão nominal de 1 L h-1 e pressão de serviço de 55 kPa. A equação de perda de carga para regime de escoamento turbulento liso em função da vazão e da carga de pressão na entrada da fita apresenta boa habilidade para estimar a perda de carga em fitas gotejadoras com emissores moldados, sendo que 95% das estimativas apresentaram erro relativo de até 6,71%. A equação de Darcy-Weisbach pode ser utilizada para o cálculo da perda de carga desde que o diâmetro seja substituído por uma função da pressão de entrada. Para o cálculo da perda de carga, utilizando a equação de Darcy-Weisbach, o fator de atrito calculado pela equação de Blasius deve considerar um coeficiente a = 0,3408.   Palavras-chave: irrigação por gotejamento, perda de carga por atrito, fator de atrito     MELO, V. G. M. L. de; MELO, L. M. de; FRIZZONE, J. A.; CAMARGO, A. P. de; MARQUES, P. A. A. HEAD LOSS IN DRIP TAPES WITH MOLDED EMITTERS     2 ABSTRACT   Although drip tapes are low-cost equipment, proper hydraulic evaluation is important to provide information required for irrigation system design. The aim of this study was to analyze the friction head loss and the friction factor in drip tapes with molded emitters, that are employed in drip irrigation systems. Experiments evaluated the drip tape model Rain-Tape®, manufactured by Rain Bird, 225-µm wall thickness, labyrinth-type emitters, 0.30-m emitters spacing, 1 L h-1 nominal discharge and operating pressure of 55 kPa. The following conclusions were obtained: (a) the equation of head loss for smooth turbulent flow as a function of flow rate and pressure head at the pipe inlet provided good predictions of head loss in drip tapes with molded emitters, since 95% of predictions presented relative errors less than 6.71%; (b) the Darcy-Weisbach equation may be used for calculating head loss, but the pipe diameter must be replaced by a function considering the lateral inlet pressure; (c) for calculating head loss of the Rain-Tape using the Darcy-Weisbach equation, the friction factor obtained by the Blasius equation should use the coefficient a = 0.3408.   Keywords: drip irrigation, frictional head loss, friction coefficient

scholarly journals Foliar Sprays to Control Insects in Fall Peppers, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
John Speese
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract Peppers were transplanted on 31 Jul at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of two 25ft long rows with 3ft between row spacing and 1ft between plant spacing. Each plot was bordered on each side by an untreated guard row and replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied on the dates indicated in the table with a backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of hand-harvest of marketable fruit on 10 healthy, uniform-sized plants/row (.00062 acre) and GPA counts on 5 randomly picked leaves/plot on 06 Oct. Harvesting was done in this manner due to uneven stands in some plots due to the drought.

scholarly journals Impact of Nitrogen Fertigation on Watermelon Yield Grown on the Very Light Soil in Poland

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Rolbiecki ◽  
Stanisław Rolbiecki ◽  
Piotr Piszczek ◽  
Anna Figas ◽  
Barbara Jagosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Drip Fertigation

The effect of nitrogen fertigation of two watermelon cultivars grown on the very light soil in the central part of Poland, during 2012–2014, was evaluated. The field experimental design was a split-plot with four replications. The main plot was the drip fertigation with nitrogen applied in two combinations: drip irrigation + broadcasted nitrogen fertilization (DI) used as a control, and drip irrigation + fertigation with nitrogen (DF); where, two cultivars: Bingo and Sugar Baby were used as a split-plot. The phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied pre plant in the spring, whereas, three rates of 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen fertilizer were applied during the growing season. The fertigation was performed using a proportional mixing dispenser. The ripened fruits were harvested progressively as they mature. The marketable fruit yield, the single fruit weight and the number of fruits per plant, were evaluated. Tested factors presented a significant effect in the yield characteristics, further the interaction among the factors was important. DF, comparing to DI, notably improved fruit traits. Bingo cultivar had higher yield than Sugar Baby, but Sugar Baby cultivar produced more fruits than the Bingo under the DF treatment. This study provides the evidence that on a very light soil with low water and nutrients retention capacity the performance of watermelon can be optimized when nitrogen is applied directly through drip irrigation.

Effect of Plant Population on Muskmelon Yield and Quality

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 545c-545
Author(s):  
Allan C. Thornton ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
S. Alan Walters
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Muskmelon plant populations and arrangements were evaluated at two sites in North Carolina in 1997. Within-row plant spacings of single rows were 0.15, 0.30, 0.46, 0.61, and 0.76 m, while staggered twin row spacings were 0.30, 0.46, and 0.61 m. The trials were conducted on black plastic with drip irrigation at both locations using the `Athena' cultivar. One trial was seeded 22 Apr., the other was transplanted 21 May. Yield was recorded as fruit number and weight. Soluble solids measurements were also taken. Yields were nearly two times greater when planted on 22 Apr. than 21 May. Yields in the later planting ranged between 13,300 and 18,800 melons per hectare, while yields in the earlier planting ranged between 23,700 and 31,600 melons per hectare. Populations arranged in staggered twin rows on the bed provided no yield advantage compared with single rows. As in-row plant spacing increased, yields of large-sized fruit (>2.0 kg) tended to be greater, while production of smaller size marketable fruit (1.4 to 2.0 kg) tended to be greater as in-row plant spacing decreased. Soluble solids were not affected by plant population.

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