scholarly journals A-23 Mental Health Outcomes of Elite Athletes Following Sport Related Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-619
Author(s):  
C Hoyle ◽  
M Mrazik ◽  
D Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective Investigation of anxiety and depression symptoms at baseline and following sport related concussion in a population of professional and collegiate football players. Method A quasi-experimental prospective longitudinal design was implemented. Participants included 198 Canadian Football League and University of Alberta varsity football players at baseline. Additionally, this study tracked 13 concussed athletes, 12 orthopaedic control athletes, and 15 healthy control athletes over approximately a 2 month period. Statistical analysis included an ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA to identify differences in mental health at baseline as well as after injury at 3 time points (24-48 hours post injury, asymptomatic, and 1 month post return to play). Results At baseline, players who had a history of 1 or more concussions reported a greater number of anxiety and depression symptoms in comparison to players who did not have a history of concussion (F(2, 197) = 66.75, (p =.000)). At the group level, there were no differences in anxiety and depression symptoms between players who sustained a concussion, orthoepic injury, or no injury across the four time points measured (depression (F(3, 58) = 1.05, (p =.404); anxiety (F(3, 58) = 1.65, (p =.151)). However, individuals who sustained a concussion displayed significant changes in symptoms of anxiety (F(3, 12) = 9.004, (p =.000)) and depression (F(3, 12) = 11.396, (p =.000)) over time. Specifically, concussed players reported an increase in anxiety related symptoms between baseline report and 24-48 hours post injury (p = .042), a decrease between 24-48 hours and 1 month post return to play (p = .002) and a decrease between asymptomatic and 1 month post return to play (p = .036) time points. Additionally, players who sustained a concussion reported a significant increase in depressive symptoms between 24-48 hours post injury and 1 month post return to play (p = .029) and a decrease between asymptomatic and 1 month post return to play (p = .014) time points. This change over time was not found in the orthopaedic injury (depression (F(3, 11) = 2.467, (p =.14); anxiety (F(3, 11) = 2.242, (p =.15)) or healthy control groups (depression; (F(3, 14) = 2.177, (p =.17); anxiety; F(3, 14) = 1.435, (p =.30)). Conclusions Results from this study suggest that a history of concussion impacts baseline self-report of anxiety and depression symptoms. Furthermore, players who sustained a concussion experienced subtle increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms in the short term and not in the long term. Players with who sustained an orthopaedic injury and healthy players did not show these changes in anxiety and depression symptom report. It appears that in this small sample concussion produced unique outcomes related to mental health functioning in the short term.

A - 21 Mental Health Outcomes of Elite Athletes Following Sport-Related Concussion: A Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-661
Author(s):  
Mrazik M
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective The purpose of this research was to elucidate the short and long-term mental health outcomes following sport-related concussion (SRC) in a population of elite athletes. Methods Specifically, symptoms consistent with anxiety, depression, and psychological distress were investigated in a population of 196 male professional and collegiate football players ages 18 to 34 years old. All athletes completed self-report measures (PHQ-9, GAD-7, and BSI-18) at baseline. Athletes who sustained a SRC (n = 16) in season as well as musculoskeletal (MSK) (n = 13) and healthy control (n = 21) athletes completed the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at three time points. Results Results from the study indicated that athletes with a history of one or more SRCs reported greater symptoms of depression (F(2, 193) = 10.88, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.10), anxiety (F(2, 193) = 13.67, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.12), and psychological distress (F(2, 193) = 18.01, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.16) at baseline in comparison to athletes with no history of SRC. Additionally, athletes who sustained a SRC reported greater levels of depression and anxiety at 24–48 hours post injury in comparison to the MSK and healthy control groups. No differences between groups were detected at later time points suggesting that this increase in depression and anxiety symptoms was short term. Finally, analysis at the individual level showed that 50% of SRC athletes demonstrated a reliable change from baseline to 24–48 hours post injury on the depression and/or anxiety self-report in comparison to 33% of MSK injured athletes and 17% of healthy controls. In addition, 58% of athletes who sustained a SRC reported a reliable decrease in depression and/or anxiety symptoms at one month return to play, suggesting that they were experiencing fewer anxiety and depression symptoms in comparison to baseline. Conclusions Taken together, this research suggests that a history of SRC impacts baseline self-report of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. Furthermore, athletes who sustain a SRC experience subtle increases in depression and anxiety symptoms in the short term that appear to be unique to concussion. However, the athletes’ self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms did not reach clinical levels and were short lived.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTAL HEALTH HISTORY AND SYMPTOMS, SEX, AND RECOVERY TIME IN A CONCUSSED PEDIATRIC POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0023
Author(s):  
Richard Cameron Allred ◽  
Sara Stremlau ◽  
Richard Gerkin ◽  
Steven Erickson ◽  
Jamie Pardini
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Health History ◽  
Mental Health History ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
History Of

Background: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) are mental health screening instruments that assess symptoms of depression and anxiety. Studies of patients with concussion suggest that history of mental illness is associated with prolonged recovery; however, little research has examined the value of these tools in a concussed pediatric population (Iverson et al., 2017). Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between anxiety and depression symptoms, mental illness history, sex, and time to recover in a concussed pediatric population. We hypothesized that mental health symptoms and history, and female sex would predict longer recoveries in the pediatric population. Methods: IRB-approved retrospective chart review was used for data collection. Demographics, self-reported mental health history, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scores were acquired for 250 adolescents ages 12-18 (45.2% female) who presented to an outpatient concussion clinic for their initial visit. Days to recover was imputed for all patients who had been discharged by clinic physicians based on international return to play standards. Results: Mann-Whitney U tests were used for analysis of this nonnormally distributed data. Males were found to recover more quickly than females (female median = 15 days, IQR 7-27; male median = 12 days, IQR 6-23; p=.013). No significant differences were observed in days to clearance based on reported history of mental health disorder (p=.066). Individuals who scored above cutoff (see Kroenke et al., 2001; Spitzer et al., 2006) on the GAD-7 (below cutoff median = 12.00 days; above cutoff median = 21.00 days) and PHQ-9 (below cutoff median = 23.5 days; above cutoff median = 57.00 days) required longer recovery times (p <.001). Conclusion: We found longer recovery times in females versus males, and in those whose scores fell above cutoff for the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at their initial clinic visit. Although a trend existed, there were no significant differences in recovery time for those who reported a mental health history compared to those who did not. Results suggest that the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 may be useful screening measures in a concussion clinic and may provide additional insight into potential recovery times for pediatric patients.

Public Beliefs About the Helpfulness of Interventions for Depression: Effects on Actions Taken When Experiencing Anxiety and Depression Symptoms

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Jorm ◽  
Jo Medway ◽  
Helen Christensen ◽  
Ailsa E. Korten ◽  
Patricia A. Jacomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Public Beliefs ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
History Of

Objective: Previous research has shown that the public have different beliefs to mental health professionals about the helpfulness of interventions for mental disorders. However, it is not known whether the public's beliefs actually influence their behaviour when they develop psychiatric symptoms. Method: A postal survey of 3109 Australian adults was used to assess beliefs about the helpfulness of a broad range of interventions for depression, as well as respondents' current level of anxiety and depression symptoms and any history of treated depression. A follow-up survey of 422 persons who had a high level of symptoms at baseline was conducted 6 months later. These people were asked which interventions they had used to reduce their symptoms. An analysis was carried out to see whether beliefs and other factors at baseline predicted subsequent use of interventions. Results: There were some major discrepancies between the ranking of interventions as likely to be helpful and the ranking of how frequently they were actually used. Interventions involving mental health professionals were often rated as likely to be helpful, but were rarely used in practice. Other simple, cheap and readily available interventions were used the most frequently, but were not the most likely to be rated as helpful. The most consistent predictors across all interventions used were gender, history of treatment, current symptoms and belief in a particular intervention. Of particular interest was the finding that beliefs in the helpfulness of antidepressants predicted their use. However, beliefs were not predictors of use for all interventions. Conclusions: Beliefs about the helpfulness of an intervention did not always predict actual use of that intervention, although beliefs did predict use of antidepressants. Therefore, campaigns that change public beliefs about effective treatments may also influence actual use of treatments. Interventions preferred by professionals are not frequently used at present. Most people with anxiety and depression symptoms rely primarily on simple self-help interventions, the effectiveness of which has been little researched.

Childhood Material Hardship and Adolescent Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2110018
Author(s):  
Chrisse Edmunds ◽  
Melissa Alcaraz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Critical Age ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescent mental health has implications for current and future wellbeing. While a link exists between poverty and mental health, little is known about how experiencing material hardship, such as insecurity of food, housing, utilities, and medical care, throughout early childhood affects adolescent mental health. We examine the relationship between material hardship in childhood and adolescent mental health. We use Poisson regression to examine the effect of material hardship experienced at different stages of childhood on adolescent depression and anxiety outcomes at age 15. We use longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,222). We find that recently experiencing material hardship during childhood is positively and significantly associated with anxiety and depression symptoms at age 15, even when controlling for material hardship at age 15. Additionally, we find that insecurity during mid-childhood and the stress of lacking basic needs during a critical age may influence mental health in adolescence.

scholarly journals Resilience, well-being, depression symptoms and concussion levels in equestrian athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika McGivern ◽  
Stephen Shannon ◽  
Gavin Breslin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
History Of

Purpose This paper aims to conduct the first cross-sectional survey on depression, Resilience, well-being, depression symptoms and concussion levels in equestrian athletes and to assess whether past concussion rates were associated with depression, resilience and well-being. Design/methodology/approach In total, 511 participants from Canada, Republic of Ireland, UK, Australia and USA took part in an international cross-sectional, online survey evaluating concussion history, depression symptoms, resilience and well-being. Findings In total, 27.1% of athletes met clinically relevant symptoms of major depressive disorder. Significant differences were shown in the well-being and resilience scores between countries. Significant relationships were observed between reported history of concussion and both high depression scores and low well-being scores. Practical implications Findings highlight the need for mental health promotion and support in equestrian sport. Social implications Results support previous research suggesting a need for enhanced mental health support for equestrians. There is reason to believe that mental illness could still be present in riders with normal levels of resilience and well-being. Originality/value This study examined an understudied athlete group: equestrian athletes and presents important findings with implications for the physical and mental health of this population.

scholarly journals No Differences in HADS Scores Between Acutely Concussed and Healthy Collegiate Student-Athletes

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (14 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S12.1-S12
Author(s):  
Corey Lanois ◽  
Francis Wang ◽  
Brant Berkstresser ◽  
Jessie Oldham ◽  
William Meehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prolonged Recovery ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Concussion Recovery

ObjectiveTo investigate differences in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores between acutely concussed collegiate student-athletes and healthy, matched group of collegiate athletes.BackgroundMood disturbances have been documented acutely following concussion. The presence of anxiety and/or depression may complicate and prolong concussion recovery among some athletes. Therefore, it is important to examine acute post-injury anxiety and depression to facilitate proper management decisions.Design/MethodsTwenty-six student-athletes (54% female, 19.92 ± 5.56 years of age) with a diagnosed concussion completed the HADS questionnaire within a week of injury. Twenty-six healthy student-athletes (54% female, 18.82 ± 0.54 years of age) completed the HADS during pre-season baseline testing, individually matched by sex and sport. Independent samples t-tests were used to explore differences in HADS scores between groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference (p = 0.50) between total HADS scores of the concussion group (6.77 ± 6.17) and healthy cohort (5.81 ± 3.85). There were also no significant differences between concussion and uninjured groups on the HADS Anxiety subscale (4.38 ± 4.24 vs. 4.50 ± 2.83; p = 0.91) or HADS Depression subscale (2.38 ± 2.82 vs. 1.31 ± 1.67; p = 0.10).ConclusionsHADS scores obtained among collegiate student athletes acutely following concussion did not significantly differ relative to matched healthy control participants. It is possible that one week post-injury was not enough time to observe measurable effects of anxiety or depression, as those are commonly seen in cases of prolonged recovery.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive performance and mental health of retired female football players compared to non-contact sport athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000952
Author(s):  
Annika Prien ◽  
Nina Feddermann-Demont ◽  
Evert Verhagen ◽  
Jos Twisk ◽  
Astrid Junge
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Contact Sport ◽  
History Of

BackgroundAdverse long-term effects of playing football due to repetitive head impact exposure on neurocognition and mental health are controversial. To date, no studies have evaluated such effects in women.AimsTo (1) compare neurocognitive performance, cognitive symptoms and mental health in retired elite female football players (FB) with retired elite female non-contact sport athletes (CON), and to (2) assess whether findings are related to history of concussion and/or heading exposure in FB.MethodsNeurocognitive performance, mental health and cognitive symptoms were assessed using computerised tests (CNS-vital signs), paper pen tests (Category fluency, Trail-Making Test, Digit Span, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test), questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SF-36v2 Health Survey) and a symptom checklist. Heading exposure and concussion history were self-reported in an online survey and in a clinical interview, respectively. Linear regression was used to analyse the effect of football, concussion and heading exposure on outcomes adjusted for confounders.ResultsFB (n=66) performed similar to CON (n=45) on neurocognitive tests, except for significantly lower scores on verbal memory (mean difference (MD)=−7.038, 95% CI −12.98 to –0.08, p=0.038) and verbal fluency tests (MD=−7.534, 95% CI –13.75 to –0.46, p=0.016). Among FB weaker verbal fluency performance was significantly associated with ≥2 concussions (MD=−10.36, 95% CI –18.48 to –2.83, p=0.017), and weaker verbal memory performance with frequent heading (MD=−9.166, 95% CI –17.59 to –0.123, p=0.041). The depression score differed significantly between study populations, and was significantly associated with frequent heading but not with history of concussion in FB.ConclusionFurther studies should investigate the clinical relevance of our findings and whether the observed associations point to a causal link between repetitive head impacts and verbal memory/fluency or mental health.

scholarly journals Assessment of Anxiety and Depression in Polish Primary Parental Caregivers of Children with Cerebral Palsy Compared to a Control Group, as well as Identification of Selected Predictors

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gugała ◽  
Beata Penar-Zadarko ◽  
Danuta Pięciak-Kotlarz ◽  
Katarzyna Wardak ◽  
Aneta Lewicka-Chomont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Taking Care

Background: Taking care of a child with Cerebral Palsy (CP) may be linked with adverse effects in the parents’ physical and mental health. The causes of anxiety and depression symptoms associated with childcare are still not fully understood. Aim: To assess the intensity of anxiety and depression symptoms in parents of children with CP compared to a control group and to identify selected mental health predictors. Design and Methods: Data were collected from 301 respondents, including 190 parents of children with CP (study group) and 111 parents taking care of children developing normally (control group). Intensity of anxiety and depression was rated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scale. Gross Motor Function Classification System for Cerebral Palsy (GMFCS), Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29), Berlin Support Social Scales (BSSS) scales and a specially designed questionnaire were used to assess the predictors. The investigated variables included the children’s and the parents’ characteristics, as well as environmental factors. The analyses applied Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, M(SD) as well as multiple regression. Results: The level of anxiety and depression was clearly higher in the parents of children with CP–the mean levels of anxiety and depression in the study group and the controls amounted to 8.1 vs. 4.7 and 6.8 vs. 3.7, respectively. The factors associated with intensity of anxiety and depression in the parents of children with CP included lack of social support, mainly perceived and received support, unsatisfying parental health status, poor economic status of the family, as well as difficult living conditions, sense of coherence, loneliness, the parent’s gender, and the child’s intellectual disability. Conclusions: Identification of significant anxiety and depression predictors, understood as modifiable factors, should be considered in determining and planning comprehensive support for a child with CP and his/her primary parental caregiver.

scholarly journals Cognitive profile partly mediates allergy-associated decrease in mental health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin S. Dalmaijer ◽  
Camilla L. Nord ◽  
Giacomo Bignardi ◽  
Alexander L. Anwyl-Irvine ◽  
Roma Siugzdaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Uk

AbstractBackgroundThere is a well-established link between allergies and mental health. While both atopic and food allergies are associated with increased levels of depression and anxiety, it is unclear what the mechanism behind this relationship is. Several theories touch upon potential psychological mechanisms, but until now putative cognitive mechanisms of the link between mental health and allergies have been unexplored.MethodsWe employed tablet-based deep cognitive phenotyping, and also recorded mental health, socio-economic status, and allergies in 533 children aged 7-9 years. We then employed mediation analyses to test whether cognitive mechanisms mediated the association between allergies and mental health.FindingsIn line with previous research, we found children with allergies reported higher levels of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, compared to children without allergies, they showed faster processing speed, equal verbal short-term memory, and worse performance on tests of fluid reasoning, number sense, search organisation, and spatial short-term memory. We confirmed that these variables predicted allergic state using logistic regression. Most importantly, we found that cognition partially mediated the relationship between allergy and both anxiety and depression.InterpretationOur results suggest that allergies bias children towards particular cognitive profiles, which in turn are risk factors for anxiety and depression. This supports the view that early cognitive interventions could reduce the number of allergic children that develops comorbid psychiatric conditions.FundingThis study was supported by grant TWCF0159 from the Templeton World Charity Foundation to DEA, and by the UK Medical Research Council.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression Among Adult Tobacco Users During the COVID-19 Restrictions in India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Bassi ◽  
Gaurang P. Nazar ◽  
Nishigandha Joshi ◽  
Nitika Sharma ◽  
Aishwarya Pandian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Indian Cities

Abstract Background The world witnessed a highly contagious and deadly disease, COVID-19, towards the end of 2019. India is one of the worst affected countries. We aimed to assess anxiety and depression levels among adult tobacco users and people who recently quit tobacco during COVID − 19 lockdown in India. Methods The study was conducted across two Indian cities, Delhi and Chennai (July-August, 2020) among adult tobacco users (n = 801). Telephonic interviews were conducted using validated mental health tools (Patient Health Questionnaire-PHQ-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-GAD-7) to assess the anxiety and depression levels of the participants. Descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to study the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety. Results We found that 20.6% of tobacco users had depression symptoms (3.9% moderate to severe); 20.7% had anxiety symptoms (3.8% moderate to severe). Risk factors associated with depression and anxiety included food, housing, and financial insecurity. Conclusion During COVID-19 lockdown, mental health of tobacco users (primarily women) was associated with food, housing and financial insecurity. The Indian Government rightly initiated several health, social and economic measures to shield the most vulnerable from COVID-19, including a ban on the sale of tobacco products. It is also necessary to prioritize easy access to tobacco cessation and mental health services to such vulnerable populations during pandemic situations.

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