scholarly journals A-076 Acute Pontine Infarction and Deep White Matter Lesioning: Poly-etiologic Factors and Clinical Correlation with Neuropsychological Impairment and Neuroradiographic Findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 868-868
Author(s):  
Pimental P ◽  
Chatten E ◽  
Cart J ◽  
Ciampanelli A
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairment ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pseudobulbar Palsy ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Pontine Infarction

Abstract Objective Pontine infarction may include motor and sensory disturbances, eye movement disorders, cranial nerve palsies, vestibular system symptoms, dizziness, ataxia, transient loss of consciousness, tetraparesis, acute pseudobulbar palsy, and severe sensory-motor deficits (Kumral, Bayülkem, & Evyapan, 2002). Studies of clinical/. neuroradiological correlation are not abundant in the literature (Kim, Lee, Joo, Im, & Lee, 1996). Methods The present case involves a 67-year-old, right-handed Caucasian female with a medical history of hypertension, headaches, hypothyroidism, cardiovascular disease (triple bypass), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. She was referred for neuropsychological testing to evaluate deficits. related to her acute pontine stroke. Results Neuropsychological testing revealed neuropsychological impairment characterized by visual-perceptual motor and visual memory deficits, executive dysfunction, lack of concern/awareness of deficits (anosodiaphoria), decreased impulse control and disinhibition. Bi-hemispheric, cortical/subcortical pathway elements, and a preponderance of right hemisphere involvement correlated with neuroradiographic evidence. MRIs revealed a punctate acute infarct within the right paracentral pons, a. small focus of gradient susceptibility within the parasagittal right parietal lobe, and a left pons and deep ischemic white matter lesioning of the posterior left frontal lobe. Conclusion The present case provided a rare look at poly-etiologic factors associated with acute pontine infarct and associated deep ischemic white matter changes.Neuropsychological testing elucidated the severity and type of neuropsychological impairment which correlated with MRI neuroradiographic findings, and was instrumental in patient interventions. Neurocognitive rehabilitation and formal driving evaluation, given the patient’s visual-perceptual motor and visual memory difficulties and lack of concern/awareness of deficits, protected the patient, family and public.

Association of neuropsychiatric symptoms and sub-syndromes with cognitive impairment in community-dwelling Asian elderly

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1839-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xu ◽  
Seow Li Ang ◽  
Saima Hilal ◽  
Qun Lin Chan ◽  
Tien Yin Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Epidemiology Of Dementia ◽  
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia

ABSTRACTObjectives:To investigate the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and sub-syndromes in elderly community-dwelling Asians with varying severity of cognitive impairment.Methods:Chinese and Malay participants (n = 613) from the Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore (EDIS) Study aged ≥ 60 years underwent clinical examination, neuropsychological testing, and NPS assessment using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), cognitive impairment-no dementia (CIND), including CIND-mild and CIND-moderate, and dementia were made using established criteria.Results:A significant increase in the numbers of NPS was observed accompanying with increasing severity of cognitive impairment (p < 0.001). Compared to those with NCI/CIND-mild, participants with CIND-moderate [Odds ratio (OR): 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8–10.0] or dementia [OR: 9.2, 95% CI: 2.3–36.0] were more likely to have two or more neuropsychiatric sub-syndromes. Participants with CIND-moderate were more likely to have hyperactivity [OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0–3.8] and apathy [OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.0–8.4] sub-syndromes, whereas patients with dementia were more likely to have psychosis [OR: 6.9, 95% CI: 2.4–20.1], affective (OR: 8.7, 95% CI: 1.8–42.9), and hyperactivity (OR: 5.4, 95% CI: 1.8–16.1). Furthermore, executive dysfunction and visual memory impairment were associated with the presence of three neuropsychiatric sub-syndromes; whist language and visuomotor speed impairment were related to the presence of two sub-syndromes. By contrast, impairment in attention, verbal memory, and visuoconstruction were not associated with any of the sub-syndromes.Conclusions:The presence of NPS and sub-syndromes increase with increasing severities of cognitive impairment, and different neuropsychiatric syndromes are associated with specific impairment on cognitive domains in community-dwelling Asian elderly.

Age does not increase rate of forgetting over weeks—Neuroanatomical volumes and visual memory across the adult life-span

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERS M. FJELL ◽  
KRISTINE B. WALHOVD ◽  
IVAR REINVANG ◽  
ARVID LUNDERVOLD ◽  
ANDERS M. DALE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Cortical Volume

The aim of the study was to investigate whether age affects visual memory retention across extended time intervals. In addition, we wanted to study how memory capabilities across different time intervals are related to the volume of different neuroanatomical structures (right hippocampus, right cortex, right white matter). One test of recognition (CVMT) and one test of recall (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test) were administered, giving measures of immediate recognition/recall, 20–30 min recognition/recall, and recognition/recall at a mean of 75 days. Volumetric measures of right hemisphere hippocampus, cortex, and white matter were obtained through an automated labelling procedure of MRI recordings. Results did not demonstrate a steeper rate of forgetting for older participants when the retention intervals were increased, indicating that older people have spared ability to retain information in the long-term store. Differences in neuroanatomical volumes could explain up to 36% of the variance in memory performance, but were not significantly related to rates of forgetting. Cortical volume and hippocampal volume were in some cases independent as predictors of memory function. Generally, cortical volume was a better predictor of recognition memory than hippocampal volume, while the 2 structures did not differ in their predictive power of recall abilities. While neuroanatomical volumetric differences can explain some of the differences in memory functioning between younger and older persons, the hippocampus does not seem to be unique in this respect. (JINS, 2005,11, 2–15.)

scholarly journals Stimulation of the right entorhinal white matter enhances visual memory encoding in humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Emily A. Mankin ◽  
Zahra M. Aghajan ◽  
Peter Schuette ◽  
Michelle E. Tran ◽  
Natalia Tchemodanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals White matter network damage mediates association between cerebrovascular disease and cognition

2021 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2199098
Author(s):  
Saima Hilal ◽  
Siwei Liu ◽  
Tien Yin Wong ◽  
Henri Vrooman ◽  
Ching-Yu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Epidemiology Of Dementia ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

To determine whether white matter network disruption mediates the association between MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) and cognitive impairment. Participants (n = 253, aged ≥60 years) from the Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore study underwent neuropsychological assessments and MRI. CeVD markers were defined as lacunes, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), microbleeds, cortical microinfarcts, cortical infarcts and intracranial stenosis (ICS). White matter microstructure damage was measured as fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity by tract based spatial statistics from diffusion tensor imaging. Cognitive function was summarized as domain-specific Z-scores. Lacunar counts, WMH volume and ICS were associated with worse performance in executive function, attention, language, verbal and visual memory. These three CeVD markers were also associated with white matter microstructural damage in the projection, commissural, association, and limbic fibers. Path analyses showed that lacunar counts, higher WMH volume and ICS were associated with executive and verbal memory impairment via white matter disruption in commissural fibers whereas impairment in the attention, visual memory and language were mediated through projection fibers. Our study shows that the abnormalities in white matter connectivity may underlie the relationship between CeVD and cognition. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the cause-effect relationship between CeVD, white matter damage and cognition.

scholarly journals Are visual working memory and episodic memory distinct processes? Insight from stroke patients by lesion-symptom mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Lugtmeijer ◽  
◽  
Linda Geerligs ◽  
Frank Erik de Leeuw ◽  
Edward H. F. de Haan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
Criterion Setting ◽  
The Right

AbstractWorking memory and episodic memory are two different processes, although the nature of their interrelationship is debated. As these processes are predominantly studied in isolation, it is unclear whether they crucially rely on different neural substrates. To obtain more insight in this, 81 adults with sub-acute ischemic stroke and 29 elderly controls were assessed on a visual working memory task, followed by a surprise subsequent memory test for the same stimuli. Multivariate, atlas- and track-based lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) analyses were performed to identify anatomical correlates of visual memory. Behavioral results gave moderate evidence for independence between discriminability in working memory and subsequent memory, and strong evidence for a correlation in response bias on the two tasks in stroke patients. LSM analyses suggested there might be independent regions associated with working memory and episodic memory. Lesions in the right arcuate fasciculus were more strongly associated with discriminability in working memory than in subsequent memory, while lesions in the frontal operculum in the right hemisphere were more strongly associated with criterion setting in subsequent memory. These findings support the view that some processes involved in working memory and episodic memory rely on separate mechanisms, while acknowledging that there might also be shared processes.

Verbal memory deficits associated with fornix atrophy in carbon monoxide poisoning

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHELLI R. KESLER ◽  
RAMONA O. HOPKINS ◽  
LINDELL K. WEAVER ◽  
DUANE D. BLATTER ◽  
HOLLY EDGE-BOOTH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
And Gender

Magnetic resonance (MR) images and neuropsychological testing data of 69 carbon monoxide (CO) poisoned patients were prospectively obtained within 1 day of CO poisoning, two weeks and six months. CO patients' Day 1 cross-sectional fornix surface area measurements, corrected for head size by using a fornix-to-brain ratio (FBR), were compared to normal age and gender-matched controls. Additionally, a within-subjects analysis was performed comparing the mean areas between CO patients' Day 1, 2 weeks and 6-month FBR. The FBR was correlated with patients' neuropsychological data. There were no significant differences between CO patients' Day 1 fornix measurements compared to normal control subjects. However, significant atrophic changes in the fornix of CO poisoned patients occurred at two weeks with no progressive atrophy at 6 months. By 6 months, CO patients showed significant decline on tests of verbal memory (when practice effects were taken into account), whereas visual memory, processing speed and attention/concentration did not decline. This study indicates that CO results in brain damage and cognitive impairments in the absence of lesions and other neuroanatomic markers. (JINS, 2001, 7, 640–646.)

scholarly journals White matter structural network abnormalities underlie executive dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1249-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Dimond ◽  
Abdullah Ishaque ◽  
Sneha Chenji ◽  
Dennell Mah ◽  
Zhang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Structural Network ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The Relations Between Physical Activity Level, Executive Function, and White Matter Microstructure in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Marissa A. Gogniat ◽  
Catherine M. Mewborn ◽  
Talia L. Robinson ◽  
Kharine R. Jean ◽  
L. Stephen Miller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Age Related

The population of older adults is increasing, indicating a need to examine factors that may prevent or mitigate age-related cognitive decline. The current study examined whether microstructural white matter characteristics mediated the relation between physical activity and executive function in older adults without any self-reported psychiatric and neurological disorders or cognitive impairment (N = 43, mean age = 73 y). Physical activity was measured by average intensity and number of steps via accelerometry. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to examine microstructural white matter characteristics, and neuropsychological testing was used to examine executive functioning. Parallel mediation models were analyzed using microstructural white matter regions of interest as mediators of the association between physical activity and executive function. Results indicated that average steps was significantly related to executive function (β = 0.0003, t = 2.829, P = .007), while moderate to vigorous physical activity was not (β = 0.0007, t = 1.772, P = .08). White matter metrics did not mediate any associations. This suggests that microstructural white matter characteristics alone may not be the mechanism by which physical activity impacts executive function in aging.

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