scholarly journals C-55 Normal Brain Cells in Abnormal Places: Contributions of Conjoint Neuropsychological, Pediatric, Neurologic, and Psychiatric Assessment in the Diagnosis and Behavioral Management of Pediatric Subependymal Heterotopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1084-1084
Author(s):  
A Lewandowski ◽  
S Brown ◽  
C Lewandowski ◽  
J Jacob ◽  
B Tross
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective Subependymal heterotopia (SH) is a development brain malformation from abnormal neuronal proliferation and migration resulting in developmental delays and focal childhood epilepsy (Barkovich, 2000). SH results from the interruption of normal gray matter migration beneath the ependyma of the lateral ventricles. Most males are spontaneously aborted, and although there is some genetic uncertainty, affected females are thought to be X-linked (Xq28) recessive (Mitchell, et.al., 2000). SH prevalence in epileptic children with brain dysgenesis is between 13-20% and manifests in motor, visual-spatial, cognitive, and psychological deficits (Data, et.al., 2018). Method We present a case study of a seventeen-year-old female who was diagnosed at age eight with ADD and LD by self-report check-lists and achievement tests. Behavioral irregularities and seizure onset lead pediatrics to request neuropsychological testing. Findings revealed cognitive and emotional impairment and consequently further medical evaluation was recommended. Pediatric, neurological, and psychiatric examination, EEG, and MRI confirmed SH along the lateral margin of the right lateral ventricle. Results Psychometric testing revealed low average FSIQ, PRI, and PSI, impaired arithmetic operations and problem solving, graphomotor deficits, motor speed and executive/planning difficulties, emotional dysregulation, age-inappropriate interpersonal skills, and social-behavioral regression. Conclusions Neuropsychological assessment provided clear evidence of cognitive impairment beyond the initial diagnoses, suggested lateralized dysfunction, and implicated frontal and subcortical behavioral correlates not explained by other dispositional variables. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment provided detailed information toward conjoint treatment planning by pediatrics, neurology, psychology, psychiatry, and teachers. Findings provided meaningful diagnostic clarification of SH and furthered clinical understanding of this adolescent’s social, academic, neuropsychological, and psychiatric needs.

scholarly journals AGR - 2 Diagnosis of Posterior Cortical Atrophy Through Inter-Departmental Collaboration

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-831
Author(s):  
S John ◽  
M Silva ◽  
N Newman ◽  
D Loring
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
White Female ◽  
Posterior Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Unsteady Gait ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective We present a patient with rapidly progressive visual decline of 2-year duration that interfered with daily functioning. She was evaluated by neuro-ophthalmology and neurology prior to neuropsychological referral. A series of evaluations led to diagnosis of posterior cortical atrophy, demonstrating the importance of inter-departmental collaboration. Method A 66-year old white female presented with a 2-year history of progressive changes to vision and memory. Medical history included hypertension, dyslipidemia, and a strong family history of optic neuropathy causing blindness. She was diagnosed with a left homonymous hemianopia. MRI revealed "significant cortical atrophy more remarkable on the right temporal, parietal, and occipital regions." She reported dressing apraxia, unsteady gait, declines in reading and writing, and difficulty recalling well-learned information. Results She was a good historian, had fluent speech and no apparent comprehension difficulty. Neuropsychological evaluation revealed relatively preserved language and verbal abilities, including confrontation naming, in the presence of otherwise impaired performances across all domains of functioning. She demonstrated agraphia, acalculia, left-right confusion, and difficulties with motor programming. Perceptual and constructional tasks revealed prominent deficits in visual integration, map orientation, form discrimination, and construction of simple geometric designs. She was perseverative and susceptible to verbal and visual stimulus pull. Conclusions The pattern on neuropsychological testing, with prominent visual spatial and perceptual difficulties, was consistent with posterior cortical atrophy. The decline in visual ability is likely exacerbated but not entirely explained by left hemianopia. Neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and visual field evidence demonstrated posterior cortical atrophy in the absence of positive biomarker evidence, leading to initiation of anti-cholinesterase therapy.

Childhood trauma moderates morphometric associations between orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala: implications for pathological personality traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Rickie Miglin ◽  
Jeffrey M. Spielberg ◽  
Curtis L. Johnson ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

Abstract Background Research has demonstrated that chronic stress exposure early in development can lead to detrimental alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)–amygdala circuit. However, the majority of this research uses functional neuroimaging methods, and thus the extent to which childhood trauma corresponds to morphometric alterations in this limbic-cortical network has not yet been investigated. This study had two primary objectives: (i) to test whether anatomical associations between OFC–amygdala differed between adults as a function of exposure to chronic childhood assaultive trauma and (ii) to test how these environment-by-neurobiological effects relate to pathological personality traits. Methods Participants were 137 ethnically diverse adults (48.1% female) recruited from the community who completed a clinical diagnostic interview, a self-report measure of pathological personality traits, and anatomical MRI scans. Results Findings revealed that childhood trauma moderated bilateral OFC–amygdala volumetric associations. Specifically, adults with childhood trauma exposure showed a positive association between medial OFC volume and amygdalar volume, whereas adults with no childhood exposure showed the negative OFC–amygdala structural association observed in prior research with healthy samples. Examination of the translational relevance of trauma-related alterations in OFC–amygdala volumetric associations for disordered personality traits revealed that trauma exposure moderated the association of OFC volume with antagonistic and disinhibited phenotypes, traits characteristic of Cluster B personality disorders. Conclusions The OFC–amygdala circuit is a potential anatomical pathway through which early traumatic experiences perpetuate emotional dysregulation into adulthood and confer risk for personality pathology. Results provide novel evidence of divergent neuroanatomical pathways to similar personality phenotypes depending on early trauma exposure.

On the Relation between Visual Spatial Attention and Visual Field Asymmetries

1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A Mondor ◽  
M.P. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Letter Identification ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right

In the typical visual laterality experiment, words and letters are more rapidly and accurately identified in the right visual field than in the left. However, while such studies usually control fixation, the deployment of visual attention is rarely restricted. The present studies investigated the influence of visual attention on the visual field asymmetries normally observed in single-letter identification and lexical decision tasks. Attention was controlled using a peripheral cue that provided advance knowledge of the location of the forthcoming stimulus. The time period between the onset of the cue and the onset of the stimulus (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony—SOA) was varied, such that the time available for attention to focus upon the location was controlled. At short SO As a right visual field advantage for identifying single letters and for making lexical decisions was apparent. However, at longer SOAs letters and words presented in the two visual fields were identified equally well. It is concluded that visual field advantages arise from an interaction of attentional and structural factors and that the attentional component in visual field asymmetries must be controlled in order to approximate more closely a true assessment of the relative functional capabilities of the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

scholarly journals Recovery from Transient Global Amnesia Following Restoration of Hippocampal and Fronto–Cingulate Perfusion

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Caffarra ◽  
Letizia Concari ◽  
Simona Gardini ◽  
Sabrina Spaggiari ◽  
Francesca Dieci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Global Amnesia ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rcbf Spect ◽  
Subject Comparison

A patient who suffered a transient global amnesia (TGA) attack underwent regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) SPECT imaging and neuropsychological testing in the acute phase, after one month and after one year. Neuropsychological testing in the acute phase showed a pattern of anterograde and retrograde amnesia, whereas memory was within age normal limits at follow up. SPECT data were analysed with a within subject comparison and also compared with those of a group of healthy controls. Within subject comparison between the one month follow up and the acute phase detected increases in rCBF in the hippocampus bilaterally; further rCBF increases in the right hippocampus were detected after one year. Compared to controls, significant hypoperfusion was found in the right precentral, cingulate and medial frontal gyri in the acute phase; after one month significant hypoperfusion was detected in the right precentral and cingulate gyri and the left postcentral gyrus; after one year no significant hypoperfusion appeared. The restoration of memory was paralleled by rCBF increases in the hippocampus and fronto-limbic-parietal cortex; after one year neither significant rCBF differences nor cognitive deficits were detectable. In conclusion, these data indicate that TGA had no long lasting cognitive and neural alterations in this patient.

scholarly journals Increased plasticity of the bodily self in eating disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Eshkevari ◽  
E. Rieger ◽  
M. R. Longo ◽  
P. Haggard ◽  
J. Treasure
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Maintenance Factors ◽  
Self Objectification

BackgroundThe rubber hand illusion (RHI) has been widely used to investigate the bodily self in healthy individuals. The aim of the present study was to extend the use of the RHI to examine the bodily self in eating disorders (EDs).MethodThe RHI and self-report measures of ED psychopathology [the Eating Disorder Inventory – 3 (EDI-3) subscales of Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, Body Dissatisfaction, Interoceptive Deficits, and Emotional Dysregulation; the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21); and the Self-Objectification Questionnaire (SOQ)] were administered to 78 individuals with an ED and 61 healthy controls.ResultsIndividuals with an ED experienced the RHI significantly more strongly than healthy controls on both perceptual (i.e. proprioceptive drift) and subjective (i.e. self-report questionnaire) measures. Furthermore, both the subjective experience of the RHI and associated proprioceptive biases were correlated with ED psychopathology. Approximately 23% of the variance for embodiment of the fake hand was accounted for by ED psychopathology, with interoceptive deficits and self-objectification significant predictors of embodiment.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the bodily self is more plastic in people with an ED. These findings may shed light on both aetiological and maintenance factors involved in EDs, particularly visual processing of the body, interoceptive deficits, and self-objectification.

Neuropsychological Assessment of a Case of Early Right Hemiplegia: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Brizzolara ◽  
Anna Maria Chilosi ◽  
Gianni Luigi De Nobili ◽  
Giovanni Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Perceptual Skills ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Linguistic Functions ◽  
The Right

Evidence for normal development of linguistic but poor visuo-perceptual skills has been obtained with the neuropsychological assessment of a case of early left-brain injury. Data suggest the transfer of linguistic functions from the left to the right hemisphere at the expense of visuo-perceptual capacities for which the right hemisphere is potentially specialized.

Are We Worrying About the Right Men and Are the Right Men Feeling Worried? Conscious But Not Unconscious Prostate Anxiety Predicts Screening Among Men From Three Ethnic Groups

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan S. Consedine
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
European American ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task ◽  
Screening Behavior ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mixed Model Anovas

Anxieties regarding cancer and screening have been consistently linked in prostate screening behavior with cancer-related anxieties generally thought to be higher among minority men. To date, however, the literature linking cancer anxieties to screening among diverse men remains predicated on self-reported anxiety. Research has yet to consider how “accurate” the reporting of anxiety may be among distinct groups of men or the possibility that anxiety may influence prostate cancer (PC) screening behavior through conscious and nonconscious channels; the current study tested for discrepancies between self-report and Stroop-ascertained general- and prostate-specific anxiety and their links to screening among 180 U.S.-born African American, U.S.-born European American, and immigrant Jamaican men. Men provided self-report information regarding trait and prostate-related anxiety and completed an emotional Stroop task. Mixed model ANOVAs showed that while U.S.-born African Americans had few discrepancies between self-report and Stroop-ascertained anxiety, Jamaicans reported greater PC anxiety than indicated by Stroop performance, while the opposite was true among U.S.-born Europeans. As expected, self-reported (but not Stroop-ascertained) PC anxiety predicted screening in multivariate analysis. Although men from different age and ethnic groups varied in the discrepancy between self-reported and Stroop-ascertained PC anxiety, the influence of avoidance-producing emotions appears to operate predominantly through conscious channels.

The role of rash-impulsivity, emotional dysregulation and reward drive in comorbid disordered eating and substance use disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Merinuk ◽  
Stephanie C. Varcoe ◽  
Peter J. Kelly ◽  
Laura D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Substance use disorder (SUD) frequently co-occurs with other psychological conditions, such as eating disorders (EDs). Psychological factors such as emotional dysregulation, rash impulsivity (RI) and reward sensitivity (RS) play a role in the etiology of each disorder, yet little is known about the combined effects of these on comorbid SUDs and EDs or disordered eating behaviours (DEBs). This study aims to examine the role of these psychological factors in comorbid DEBs and SUDs among individuals in treatment for SUDs. The role of gender is tested as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional self-report survey was completed by 131 participants attending Australian residential substance use treatment centres. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of emotional dysregulation, RI and RS on comorbid DEB and SUD. Further, moderation analyses were used to examine the moderating effect for gender on the relationship between these three personality variables and comorbidity. Findings The most commonly reported primary substance of use was alcohol (43.5%), followed by amphetamines (38.6%). Findings showed that emotional dysregulation and RI were significantly related to an increase in comorbidity likelihood; however, RS was not. Gender moderated the relationship between comorbidity and RI only. Originality/value The significant positive relationship found between RI and comorbidity for females only was a novel finding for the current study. Further research is needed to develop an understanding of the etiology of comorbidity.

Inefficiencies in Motor Strategies of Horn Players with Embouchure Dystonia: Comparisons to Elite Performers

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Berque ◽  
Heather Gray ◽  
Angus McFadyen
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Pain Intensity Score ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Pain Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Many epidemiological surveys on playing-related musculoskeletal problems (PRMPs) have been carried out on professional musicians, but none have evaluated or confirmed the psychometric properties of the instruments that were used. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of PRMPs among professional orchestra musicians and to gather information on pain intensity and pain interference on function and psychosocial variables, using a self-report instrument developed and validated specifically for a population of professional orchestra musicians. METHODS: Out of 183 professional orchestra players, 101 took part in the study (55% response rate) and completed the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians (MPIIQM). RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of PRMPs was 77.2%, 1-year prevalence was 45.5%, and point prevalence was 36.6%. Of the PRMP group, 43% reported having pain in three or more locations, most commonly the right upper limb, neck, and left forearm and elbow. However, predominant sites of PRMPs varied between instrument groups. The mean pain intensity score for the PRMP group was 12.4±7.63 (out of 40). The mean pain interference score was 15.2±12.39 (out of 50), increasing significantly with the number of reported pain locations (F=3.009, p=0.044). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that musculoskeletal complaints are common in elite professional musicians and that the use of an operational definition and a validated self-report instrument allows for more accurate and meaningful estimates of pain prevalence.

scholarly journals Clinical and Neurophysiological Correlates of Emotion and Food Craving Regulation in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Mallorquí-Bagué ◽  
María Lozano-Madrid ◽  
Giulia Testa ◽  
Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz ◽  
Isabel Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Relevant Task

Background: Difficulties in emotion regulation and craving regulation have been linked to eating symptomatology in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), contributing to the maintenance of their eating disorder. Methods: To investigate clinical and electrophysiological correlates of these processes, 20 patients with AN and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a computerized task during EEG recording, where they were instructed to down-regulate negative emotions or food craving. Participants also completed self-report measures of emotional regulation and food addiction. The P300 and Late Positive Potential (LPP) ERPs were analysed. Results: LPP amplitudes were significantly smaller during down-regulation of food craving among both groups. Independent of task condition, individuals with AN showed smaller P300 amplitudes compared to HC. Among HC, the self-reported use of re-appraisal strategies positively correlated with LPP amplitudes during emotional regulation task, while suppressive strategies negatively correlated with LPP amplitudes. The AN group, in comparison to the HC group, exhibited greater food addiction, greater use of maladaptive strategies, and emotional dysregulation. Conclusions: Despite the enhanced self-reported psychopathology among AN, both groups indicated neurophysiological evidence of food craving regulation as evidenced by blunted LPP amplitudes in the relevant task condition. Further research is required to delineate the mechanisms associated with reduced overall P300 amplitudes among individuals with AN.

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