scholarly journals Public Perception of Ideal Breast Shape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D Kelly ◽  
Bryan Comstock ◽  
Orr Shauly ◽  
James M Smartt ◽  
Daniel J Gould
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Survey Technique ◽  
Breast Shape ◽  
American Society ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Breast Projection

Abstract Background In the past decade there has been a dramatic increase in trends related to body-shaping procedures. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, nearly 300,000 breast augmentation procedures were conducted in 2019. 1 Learning the ideal shape of a breast, and which esthetics lead to public perception of the most attractive breast is beneficial to properly performing these procedures. Objectives The authors aimed to quantify public perception of the attraction to breast shape by measuring public opinion for various esthetic elements of breast anatomy, and linking this to various demographic factors. Methods Survey responses were collected from 1,000 users of Amazon Mechanical Turk to collect demographic data as well as ask users to rank preferences for randomized image panels of breast proportions. Responses were collected and analyzed to find the overall ideal breast proportions. Results In total, 1000 responses were collected, with 960 being used for analysis. Overall, a majority of respondents were male (60%), with a plurality belonging to the age group of 25-34 years old (49.3%). The most notable preference between all groups was the breast projection proportion and the preferred nipple direction, with preferences of 1.0 and a frontal nipple direction, respectively. Breast width to shoulder width ratio also had a clear preference among the crowd, with 105% being the preferred percentage, and the 25-34 age group having a very strong preference for this. Conclusions The authors used a crowdsourcing survey technique with randomized image panels to analyze ideal breast preference using images of various anatomical traits of the female breast. It was concluded that crowdsourcing can be a favorable technique for learning ideal overall preferences for specific anatomy.

Public Administration at the Movies

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Holley ◽  
Rebecca K Lutte
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
The Public ◽  
Popular Films ◽  
Positive Message ◽  
American Society

This paper briefly summarizes evidence for the influence of popular films on public perception of government and on public policy.  Two films examined through the lens of public administration, and the lessons they teach about public administration, are exposed.  One film, Ghostbusters conveys a strongly negative image, and the other, A Thousand Heroes a strongly positive message.  Only Ghostbusters was and remains popular and profitable.  Public information efforts by government and the public administration community have been limited or reactive.  The authors argue for the increased support for public information initiatives such as those of the Public Employees Roundtable (PER) and  the American Society of Public Administration (ASPA).

scholarly journals Morbidity and mortality after fragility hip fracture in a Saudi Arabian population: Report from a single center

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 1175-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Sadat-Ali ◽  
Moaad Alfaraidy ◽  
Abdulaziz AlHawas ◽  
Ahmed Abdallah Al-Othman ◽  
Dakheel A Al-Dakheel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Fragility Hip Fracture ◽  
Asa Score ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
American Society

Objective To determine the functional morbidity and mortality after fragility hip fracture and compare the mortality with three other common diseases. Methods Data were collected from patients admitted to King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar from January 2010 to December 2014. Demographic data included the preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score as assessed by the anesthetist and the type of surgery. Personal and telephone interviews were performed, and data were entered into a database and analyzed. Results We identified 203 patients with fragility proximal femoral fractures, and the data of 189 patients (109 male, 80 female; average age, 66.90 ± 13.43 years) were available for analysis. The overall mortality rate was 26.98% (51 patients). The mortality rate was significantly higher among patients with an ASA score of 4 (36.36%) than 1 (20.45%). With respect to morbidity, only 48.23% of patients were able to return to their pre-fracture status; 32.35% of those who required assisted walking and 83.4% of those who required a wheelchair became bedridden. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that patients with fragility hip fractures have high morbidity and a mortality rate approaching 30%. Age and the ASA score significantly influence this high mortality rate.

scholarly journals Science, healthcare system, and government effectiveness perception and COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and hesitancy in a global sample: an analytical cross-sectional analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e049716
Author(s):  
Timothy D Dye ◽  
Monica Barbosu ◽  
Shazia Siddiqi ◽  
José G Pérez Ramos ◽  
Hannah Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
Sectional Analysis

BackgroundDeterminants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance are complex; how perceptions of the effectiveness of science, healthcare and government impact personal COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is unclear, despite all three domains providing critical roles in development, funding and provision, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccine.ObjectiveTo estimate impact of perception of science, healthcare systems, and government along with sociodemographic, psychosocial, and cultural characteristics on vaccine acceptance.DesignWe conducted a global nested analytical cross-sectional study of how the perceptions of healthcare, government and science systems have impacted COVID-19 on vaccine acceptance.SettingGlobal Facebook, Instagram and Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) users from 173 countries.Participants7411 people aged 18 years or over, and able to read English, Spanish, Italian, or French.MeasurementsWe used Χ2 analysis and logistic regression-derived adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs to evaluate the relationship between effectiveness perceptions and vaccine acceptance controlling for other factors. We used natural language processing and thematic analysis to analyse the role of vaccine-related narratives in open-ended explanations of effectiveness.ResultsAfter controlling for confounding, attitude toward science was a strong predictor of vaccine acceptance, more so than other attitudes, demographic, psychosocial or COVID-19-related variables (aOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.8 to 2.5). The rationale for science effectiveness was dominated by vaccine narratives, which were uncommon in other domains.LimitationsThis study did not include participants from countries where Facebook and Amazon mTurk are not available, and vaccine acceptance reflected intention rather than actual behaviour.ConclusionsAs our findings show, vaccine-related issues dominate public perception of science’s impact around COVID-19, and this perception of science relates strongly to the decision to obtain vaccination once available.

scholarly journals COVID-19 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES BETWEEN PAKISTANI MEDICAL AND NON-MEDICAL STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Bushra Suhail ◽  
Ayesha Masood ◽  
Javaria Baig ◽  
Sara Mukhtar ◽  
Sarah Aftab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contagious Nature ◽  
Positive Attitudes

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: This study investigated medical and non-medical students’ knowledge, attitude, and preparedness regarding COVID-19 pandemic, to groom volunteers and future healthcare providers in a better way. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was completed from April to May 2020 during the first wave of COVID-19. An online questionnaire was distributed using internet and social media (SM). The questionnaire was composed of several parts concerning to demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practices. RESULTS: This study included 1851 students [1041(56.54% medical, 810(43.46%) non-medical students)]. Medical students had significantly better knowledge about the contagious nature, spread and treatment of coronavirus. Non-medical students showed more risky behavior compared to medical students (p = 0.005). The use of masks and the frequency of handwashing was better among medical students as compared to non-medical students (p< 0.001; p< 0.014, respectively). The odds ratio indicates that students of the age group 21-25 years (45%) and medical students (75%) were more likely to have a positive attitude. CONCLUSION: This study revealed good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices towards COVID-19 among medical students. Still, a minority of participants from both groups revealed misconceptions and relatively poor conceptual knowledge regarding the disease.

scholarly journals The Surge of Young Americans from Minority-White Mixed Families & Its Significance for the Future

Daedalus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
Richard Alba
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Data System ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
American Society ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Demographic Evolution

Abstract The number of youth from mixed majority-minority families, in which one parent is White and the other minority, is surging in the early twenty-first century. This development is challenging both our statistical schemes for measuring ethnicity and race as well as our thinking about their demographic evolution in the near future. This essay summarizes briefly what we know about mixed minority-White Americans and includes data about their growing numbers as well as key social characteristics of children and adults from mixed backgrounds. The essay concludes that this phenomenon highlights weaknesses in our demographic data system as well as in the majority-minority narrative about how American society is changing.

scholarly journals Study of psychiatric morbidity of patients attending free mental health check up camp, Simara, Bara district of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
CP Sedain
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Community Mental Health Clinics

Introduction: Maryknoll Nepal has been running community mental health clinics different part of the country. The aim of the study was to find out psychiatric morbidity of patients attending Maryknoll free check up clinic Simara, Bara district of Nepal. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study comprised of all consecutive patients attending Maryknoll free check up clinic Simara, Bara district, Nepal. All the patients attending the free clinics were taken as cases. The study was conducted in January 2009. Demographic data and disease profile of 87 patients attending the clinic were analyzed. The ratios and proportions were used for statistical analysis. Results: Data from Simara free mental health clinic shows that the male to female ratio was 0.55:0.44.The age group 30-39(N-25, 28.74%) followed by age group 20-29 (N-19, 21.84%) was the commonest. The farmer were (N-49, 56.31 %) the most common visitor. The highest number of cases were depressive disorder (N-16, 18.93 %) followed by mania/BPAD (N-14, 16.09 %) and Schizophrenia (N-12, 13.73 %). Conclusion: The commonest incidence of psychiatric illness attending the free clinic is depressive disorder and mania/BPAD. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i1.8572 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .2, No.1, 2013 30-34

scholarly journals The Dental Aesthetic Index and Its Association with Dental Caries, Dental Plaque and Socio-Demographic Variables in Schoolchildren Aged 12 and 15 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9741
Author(s):  
Paula Fernández-Riveiro ◽  
Nerea Obregón-Rodríguez ◽  
María Piñeiro-Lamas ◽  
Almudena Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Ernesto Smyth-Chamosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Samples

The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was determined in 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren to ascertain the prevalence of malocclusion and to assess its association with dental caries experience, dental plaque accumulation, and socio-demographic variables. We performed a cross-sectional study with a stratified two-stage sampling design. An oral health survey and oral examination were conducted, and socio-demographic data were recorded. The sample comprised 1453 schoolchildren aged 12 (868) and 15 (585). These two samples were analyzed separately because statistically significant differences were found: the 12-year-old age group displayed a higher frequency of schoolchildren who attended state-run public schools (p = 0.004) and belonged to a lower social class (p = 0.001); the 15-year-old age group registered higher levels of caries (p = 0.001) and lower levels of dental plaque (p < 0.001). The malocclusion was 9.5% higher (p = 0.001), and the global mean DAI score was likewise higher among the 12-year-olds (p < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis not only showed that caries and dental plaque were the variables that were the most strongly associated with malocclusion, but that caries (OR = 1.5) and dental plaque (OR > 2) were also risk factors for malocclusion in both groups. In conclusion, this study revealed a higher prevalence of malocclusion and dental plaque at age 12. A higher risk of caries and dental plaque was found to be related to the presence of malocclusion in both age groups.

Defining Ideal External Female Genital Anatomy Via Crowdsourcing Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Frojo ◽  
Aurora M Kareh ◽  
Kenneth X Probst ◽  
Jeffrey D Rector ◽  
Christina M Plikaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rank Order ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Labia Minora ◽  
Labia Majora ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Factor Modeling ◽  
Aesthetic Characteristics ◽  
Clitoral Hood

Abstract Background Despite existing anthropometric data in the literature regarding the variation of female external genital anatomy, the ideal aesthetic characteristics have yet to be defined. Objectives Authors used crowdsourcing in order to better evaluate preferred anatomic characteristics of external female genitalia. Methods Fifty-six total images were digitally created by altering the proportions of the labia minora, labia majora, and clitoral hood. Images with differing ratios were presented in pairs to Amazon Mechanical Turk (Seattle, WA, USA) raters. Three different experiments were performed with each varying two of the three image characteristics to permit two factor modeling. The Bradley-Terry-Luce model was applied to the pairwise comparisons ratings to create a rank order for each image. Preferences for each anatomic variable were compared using chi-squared tests. Results A total of 5000 raters participated. Experiment 1 compared differing widths of the labia majora and labia minora and determined a significant preference for larger labia majora width and mid-range labia minora width (p=0.007). Experiment 2 compared labia minora width versus clitoral hood length and showed a statistically significant preference for wider majoras (p&lt;.001), but no significant preference in clitoral hood length (p=0.54). Experiment 3 compared clitoral hood length versus labia minora width and showed a statistically significant preference for mid-range labia minora widths (p&lt;.001) but no significant preference in clitoral hood length (p=0.78). Conclusions Raters preferred a labia majora to labia minora width ratio of 3:1 with minimal preference in clitoral hood length.

scholarly journals A Clinical Audit of An Office-Based Anaesthesia Service for Dental Procedures in Victoria

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Silvers ◽  
A. Licina ◽  
L. Jolevska
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Day Surgery ◽  
Adverse Event Rate ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Physical Status Classification ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
American Society

There is an increasing number of specialties performing office-based procedures, with many different providers practising in this field. Office Based Anaesthesia Solutions is a private enterprise designed to be a high-quality general anaesthesia and sedation service delivering care across 18 dental practices in Victoria. We undertook a criterion-based audit of our practice standards and outcomes. Following ethics approval, we retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients managed by our service between March 2014 and July 2017. We collected demographic data, information about anaesthesia technique, and surgical features. We assessed our findings against the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) day surgery policy documents. During the specified period, we provided anaesthesia or sedation for 1,323 patients. Their ages ranged from two to 93 years (mean [standard deviation] 33.3 [18.6] years). Ninety-three percent of patients were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification 1 or 2. Patient demographics were in line with ANZCA day surgical policy documents. Total intravenous anaesthesia was used in 1,054 of the 1,096 documented general anaesthesia cases. There were three unplanned hospital transfers (annual incidence 0.07%). As this was the first Australian criteria-based audit of office-based anaesthesia (OBA) for dental procedures, we cannot compare our findings directly to previous studies. However, we feel that our patient demographics fell within acceptable ANZCA day procedure standards and our adverse event rate was both very low and similar to other published international adverse event rates. Our audit indicates that with careful screening processes, patient selection and medical governance, OBA is a viable model of care for patients undergoing dental procedures.

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