Different transcriptional levels of Corazonin, Elevenin and PDF according to the body-color of the two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitomi Seike ◽  
Shinji Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Body Color ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Pigment Dispersing Factor ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Endocrine Factors

Abstract Body-color in insects changes according to the living environment and physiological stresses possibly involved in endocrine factors. To date, three predominant bioactive peptides, Corazonin, Elevenin, and pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) have been illuminated to be involved in the body-color in insects and crustaceans. Here, we examined the possibilities that these three factors would contribute to body-color changes via melanization in the two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, whose body color changes according to population density drastically. Quantitative analyses revealed that the higher transcriptional levels of Corazonin and Elevenin in the crowded-conditioned crickets, whereas the transcriptional level of PDF was higher in the isolated-conditioned crickets. However, the body color was not changed by knockdown of Corazonin, Elevenin, and PDF by RNA interference. The present data indicated that coloration mechanisms in G. bimaculatus is differently controlled from the previous observation in Locusta migratoria, a closely related orthopteran species.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN KECERAHAN WARNA IKAN MAS KOI CYPRINUS CARPIO DENGAN PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG WORTEL DALAM PAKAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Sutia Budi ◽  
Mardiana Mardiana
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Body Color ◽  
Koi Carp ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Different Doses

Ikan Hias jenis ikan Mas Koi Cyprinus carpio memiliki daya tarik pada warna yang dimunculkan dari tubuhnya. Tepung Wortel memiliki pigmen karotenoid, asam askorbat, flavenoid, phenol asit dan lutein. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan dan kecerahan warna ikan Mas Koi Cyprinus carpio melalui pemberian tepung wortel dalam pakan dengan dosis yang berbeda. Parameter peubah yang diukur berupa perubahan warna dengan menggunakan scoring melalui metode modifikasi TCF dan pertumbuhan mutlak. Wadah  penelitian menggunakan toples transparan 7 L, dengan volume air sebanyak 5 L per wadah.  Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan Mas dengan kepadatan 1 ekor per wadah.  Perlakuan yang di uji adalah berbagai dosis tepung wortel dalam pakan, yakni A = 0 % , B = 5 %, C = 10 % dan D = 15 %, dengan masing – masing 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berbagai konsentrasi tepung wortel dalam pakan memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumuhan dan kecerahan warna tubuh ikan Mas Koi.. Ornamental fish, the type of Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio, has an attraction to the color that emerges from its body. Carrot flour has carotenoid pigments, ascorbic acid, flavenoid, phenol acetate and lutein. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and color brightness of the Koi carp Cyprinus carpio through the application of carrot flour in the feed with different doses. Parameters measured in the form of color changes using scoring through the modified TCF method and absolute growth. The research container used a 7 L transparent jar, with a volume of 5 L of water per container. The test animals used were goldfish with a density of 1 fish per container. The treatments tested were various doses of carrot flour in the feed, namely A = 0%, B = 5%, C = 10% and D = 15%, with 3 replicates each. The results showed that the treatment of various concentrations of carrot flour in the feed had an effect on the growth and brightness of the body color of Mas Koi fish..

scholarly journals An Important Need to Monitor from an Early Age the Neurotoxins in the Blood or by an Equivalent Biomarker

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excessive Amount ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Collaborative Interaction

An overwhelming amount of evidence now suggests that some people are becoming overloaded with neurotoxins. This is mainly from changes in their living environment and style, coupled with the fact that all people are different and display a broad distribution of genetic susceptibilities. It is important for individuals to know where they lie concerning their ability to either reject or retain toxins. Everyone is contaminated with a certain baseline of toxins that are alien to the body, namely aluminum, arsenic, lead, and mercury. Major societal changes have modified their intake, such as vaccines in enhanced inoculation procedures and the addition of sushi into diets, coupled with the ever-present lead, arsenic, and traces of manganese. It is now apparent that no single toxin is responsible for the current neurological epidemics, but rather a collaborative interaction with possible synergistic components. Selenium, although also a neurotoxin if in an excessive amount, is always present and is generally more present than other toxins. It performs as the body’s natural chelator. However, it is possible that the formation rates of active selenium proteins may become overburdened by other toxins. Every person is different and it now appears imperative that the medical profession establish an individual’s neurotoxicity baseline. Moreover, young women should certainly establish their baselines long before pregnancy in order to identify possible risk factors.

CCM3 Loss-Induced Lymphatic Defect Is Mediated by the Augmented VEGFR3-ERK1/2 Signaling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingfeng Qin ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
Busu Li ◽  
Quan Jiang ◽  
Francesc Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) can happen anywhere in the body, although they most commonly produce symptoms in the brain. The role of CCM genes in other vascular beds outside the brain and retina is not well-examined, although the 3 CCM-associated genes ( CCM1 , CCM2 , and CCM3 ) are ubiquitously expressed in all tissues. We aimed to determine the role of CCM gene in lymphatics. Approach and Results: Mice with an inducible pan–endothelial cell (EC) or lymphatic EC deletion of Ccm3 ( Pdcd10 ECKO or Pdcd10 LECKO ) exhibit dilated lymphatic capillaries and collecting vessels with abnormal valve structure. Morphological alterations were correlated with lymphatic dysfunction in Pdcd10 LECKO mice as determined by Evans blue dye and fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-dextran transport assays. Pdcd10 LECKO lymphatics had increased VEGFR3 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3)-ERK1/2 signaling with lymphatic hyperplasia. Mechanistic studies suggested that VEGFR3 is primarily regulated at a transcriptional level in Ccm3-deficient lymphatic ECs, in an NF-κB (nuclear factor κB)–dependent manner. CCM3 binds to importin alpha 2/KPNA2 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2), and a CCM3 deletion releases KPNA2 to activate NF-κB P65 by facilitating its nuclear translocation and P65-dependent VEGFR3 transcription. Moreover, increased VEGFR3 in lymphatic EC preferentially activates ERK1/2 signaling, which is critical for lymphatic EC proliferation. Importantly, inhibition of VEGFR3 or ERK1/2 rescued the lymphatic defects in structure and function. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that CCM3 deletion augments the VEGFR3-ERK1/2 signaling in lymphatic EC that drives lymphatic hyperplasia and malformation and warrant further investigation on the potential clinical relevance of lymphatic dysfunction in patients with CCM.

scholarly journals Monitoring the effects of exposure to lead and cadmium in working and living environment through standard biochemical blood parameters and liver endonucleases activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruzica Nikolic ◽  
Jasmina Jovanovic ◽  
Gordana Kocic ◽  
Tatjana Cvetkovic ◽  
Svetlana Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
High Level

Heavy metals as pollutants in the working and living environment are a serious health and environmental problem because they are toxic, non-biodegradable, accumulate in living systems and have a long half-life in soil. Sources of lead contamination are combustion products in the chemical industry and metallurgy, industrial waste water, landfills, traffic etc. Lead enters into the body via the food chain and drinking water. In the body lead is deposited in the liver, kidneys, brain and mineral tissues. Excretion of lead causes damage to the epithelial cells of certain organs. High level exposure to cadmium is usually the result of environmental pollution by human activities. Exposure to cadmium can lead to acute and chronic tissue damage of various organs, including liver and kidneys in humans and in animals. In this paper we analyzed the effects of lead and cadmium exposure, in working and living environment, on the model system of experimental animals, particularly the activity of certain liver enzymes, acid and alkaline DNase, and standard biochemical blood parameters. The study showed that lead and cadmium significantly affect the protein content, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and the activity of liver enzymes. This harmful effect of this toxic metal can be reduced by the supplements.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Kesegaran Ikan Nila menggunakan Teknik Citra Digital

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Juli Elprida Hutagalung ◽  
Mhd Ihsan Pohan ◽  
Yuli Happy Marpaung
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Image Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Application System ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Image Format

Fish contain many nutrients that are very beneficial for the body, but often fish are traded in a state of death as well as being alive. To observe the freshness of tilapia is done by the introduction of color changes that appear on digital images using the least squares method. The purpose of this research is to build an image management application system to detect the freshness of tilapia. The data used are 10 samples of tilapia images which are photographed every 1 hour for 15 hours and obtained 150 image data and then processed and analyzed using the least squares method. The first process begins with image processing by cropping at the edge of the eye of the original image and then proceed with resizing to 1000 x 1000 pixels and changing the image format to *. Png. After the image has been processed then the average value is calculated rata grayscale uses the 'rata_rata Gambar' application system and an equation is stored which is stored as training data on the application system. After the image has been processed then the image is input into the system, the image will be converted into grayscale form and displayed at a predetermined place together with the rgb and grayscale histograms and then calculated using the least squares method. The last process we do is matching the test image with the image stored as training data and we conclude whether the image is (very fresh, fresh, fresh enough, not fresh, or very not fresh), the percentage of freshness of the anchor fish, and the length of time the anchor fish dies. This study used 150 samples of fish images from fresh fish that were still very fresh until the fish were not very fresh (rotten).

Endocrine Activity During Insect Embryo-Genesis. Function of the Ventral Head Glands in Locust Embryos (Locustana Pardalina and Locusta Migratoria, Orthoptera)

1956 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
BRYN M. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Gland System ◽  
Locustana Pardalina

1. A brain-ventral head gland system operates in embryos of Locustana pardalina and Locusta migratoria. 2. The initiation of growth and differentiation on the termination of diapause in the egg of pardalina takes place before the ventral head glands are formed. 3. Maximal activity in the ventral head glands coincides with the retraction of the epidermis from the cuticle. 4. Embryos, dissected out of the egg, were kept alive in aerated sterile Ringer's solution for up to 2 weeks during which time they progressed in their development. 5. If post-katatrepsis embryos are ligatured between the thorax and abdomen before a ‘critical’ period the moult is limited to the thorax. If ligatured immediately behind the head, the body fails to moult. 6. Since on the termination of diapause in the egg of pardalina mitosis begins before the formation of the ventral head glands, it is suggested that in locust embryos these glands are exclusively concerned with the retraction of the epidermis from the cuticle. 7. It is suggested that the uptake of water by the egg of pardalina in stretching the cells stimulates a growth factor which, although present throughout the diapause phase, is only capable of initiating mitosis after the diapause phase has come to an end.

scholarly journals Smartphone Monitoring of Gait and Balance During Irregular Surface Walking and Obstacle Crossing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janeesata Kuntapun ◽  
Patima Silsupadol ◽  
Teerawat Kamnardsiri ◽  
Vipul Lugade
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Irregular Surface ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Obstacle Crossing ◽  
Gait Adaptation

As gait adaptation is vital for successful locomotion, the development of field-based tools to quantify gait in challenging real-world environments are crucial. The aims of this study were to assess the reliability and validity of a smartphone-based gait and balance assessment while walking on unobstructed and obstructed terrains using two phone placements. Furthermore, age-related differences in smartphone-derived gait strategies when navigating different walking conditions and environments were evaluated. By providing a method for evaluating gait in the simulated free-living environment, results of this study can elucidate the strategies young and older adults utilize to navigate obstructed and unobstructed walking paths. A total of 24 young and older adults ambulated indoors and outdoors under three conditions: level walking, irregular surface walking, and obstacle crossing. Android smartphones placed on the body and in a bag computed spatiotemporal gait (i.e., velocity, step time, step length, and cadence) and balance (i.e., center of mass (COM) displacement), with motion capture and video used to validate parameters in the laboratory and free-living environments, respectively. Reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient and validity was evaluated using Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. A three-way ANOVA was used to assess outcome measures across group, condition, and environment. Results showed that smartphones were reliable and valid for measuring gait across all conditions, phone placements, and environments (ICC2,1: 0.606–0.965; Pearson's r: 0.72–1.00). Although body and bag placement demonstrated similar results for spatiotemporal parameters, accurate vertical COM displacement could only be obtained from the body placement. Older adults demonstrated a longer step time and lower cadence only during obstacle crossing, when compared to young adults. Furthermore, environmental differences in walking strategy were observed only during irregular surface walking. In particular, participants utilized a faster gait speed and a longer step length in the free-living environment, compared to the laboratory environment. In conclusion, smartphones demonstrate the potential for remote patient monitoring and home health care. Along with being easy-to-use, inexpensive, and portable, smartphones can accurately evaluate gait during both unobstructed and obstructed walking, indoors and outdoors.

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