scholarly journals Privacy-Preserving and Robust Watermarking on Sequential Genome Data using Belief Propagation and Local Differential Privacy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Çağlar Öksüz ◽  
Erman Ayday ◽  
Uğur Güdükbay
Keyword(s):  
Belief Propagation ◽  
Differential Privacy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Collusion Attacks ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Motivation Genome data is a subject of study for both biology and computer science since the start of the Human Genome Project in 1990. Since then, genome sequencing for medical and social purposes becomes more and more available and affordable. Genome data can be shared on public websites or with service providers. However, this sharing compromises the privacy of donors even under partial sharing conditions. We mainly focus on the liability aspect ensued by the unauthorized sharing of these genome data. One of the techniques to address the liability issues in data sharing is the watermarking mechanism. Results To detect malicious correspondents and service providers (SPs) -whose aim is to share genome data without individuals’ consent and undetected-, we propose a novel watermarking method on sequential genome data using belief propagation algorithm. In our method, we have two criteria to satisfy. (i) Embedding robust watermarks so that the malicious adversaries can not temper the watermark by modification and are identified with high probability (ii) Achieving ε-local differential privacy in all data sharings with SPs. For the preservation of system robustness against single SP and collusion attacks, we consider publicly available genomic information like Minor Allele Frequency, Linkage Disequilibrium, Phenotype Information and Familial Information. Our proposed scheme achieves 100% detection rate against the single SP attacks with only 3% watermark length. For the worst case scenario of collusion attacks (50% of SPs are malicious), 80% detection is achieved with 5% watermark length and 90% detection is achieved with 10% watermark length. For all cases, the impact of ε on precision remained negligible and high privacy is ensured. Availability https://github.com/acoksuz/PPRW_SGD_BPLDP Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

scholarly journals Privacy-Preserving and Robust Watermarking on Sequential Genome Data using Belief Propagation and Local Differential Privacy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Çağlar Öksüz ◽  
Erman Ayday ◽  
Uğur Güdükbay
Keyword(s):  
Belief Propagation ◽  
Differential Privacy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Collusion Attacks ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
System Robustness ◽  
Belief Propagation Algorithm

AbstractMotivationGenome data is a subject of study for both biology and computer science since the start of Human Genome Project in 1990. Since then, genome sequencing for medical and social purposes becomes more and more available and affordable. Genome data can be shared on public websites or with service providers. However, this sharing compromises the privacy of donors even under partial sharing conditions. We mainly focus on the liability aspect ensued by unauthorized sharing of these genome data. One of the techniques to address the liability issues in data sharing is watermarking mechanism.ResultsTo detect malicious correspondents and service providers (SPs) -whose aim is to share genome data without individuals’ consent and undetected-, we propose a novel watermarking method on sequential genome data using belief propagation algorithm. In our method, we have two criteria to satisfy. (i) Embedding robust watermarks so that the malicious adversaries can not temper the watermark by modification and are identified with high probability (ii) Achieving ϵ-local differential privacy in all data sharings with SPs. For the preservation of system robustness against single SP and collusion attacks, we consider publicly available genomic information like Minor Allele Frequency, Linkage Disequilibrium, Phenotype Information and Familial Information. Our proposed scheme achieves 100% detection rate against the single SP attacks with only 3% watermark length. For the worst case scenario of collusion attacks (50% of SPs are malicious), 80% detection is achieved with 5% watermark length and 90% detection is achieved with 10% watermark length. For all cases, ϵ’s impact on precision remained negligible and high privacy is ensured.Availabilityhttps://github.com/acoksuz/[email protected]

scholarly journals SPATIOTEMPORAL VISUALIZATION OF TSUNAMI WAVES USING KML ON GOOGLE EARTH

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 1291-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mohammadi ◽  
M. R. Delavar ◽  
M. A. Sharifi ◽  
M. D. Pirooz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Spatiotemporal Visualization ◽  
Virtual Globes ◽  
The Impact

Disaster risk is a function of hazard and vulnerability. Risk is defined as the expected losses, including lives, personal injuries, property damages, and economic disruptions, due to a particular hazard for a given area and time period. Risk assessment is one of the key elements of a natural disaster management strategy as it allows for better disaster mitigation and preparation. It provides input for informed decision making, and increases risk awareness among decision makers and other stakeholders. Virtual globes such as Google Earth can be used as a visualization tool. Proper spatiotemporal graphical representations of the concerned risk significantly reduces the amount of effort to visualize the impact of the risk and improves the efficiency of the decision-making process to mitigate the impact of the risk. The spatiotemporal visualization of tsunami waves for disaster management process is an attractive topic in geosciences to assist investigation of areas at tsunami risk. In this paper, a method for coupling virtual globes with tsunami wave arrival time models is presented. In this process we have shown 2D+Time of tsunami waves for propagation and inundation of tsunami waves, both coastal line deformation, and the flooded areas. In addition, the worst case scenario of tsunami on Chabahar port derived from tsunami modelling is also presented using KML on google earth.

A Case Study - Life Extension of Offshore Bridge Bearings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelkhalek ◽  
Govindavilas Sudhesh ◽  
Anjan Sarkar ◽  
Mohammed Eissa
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Seasonal Monitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bridge Bearings

Abstract Structural bearings of 47 offshore platform-link bridges with average age of 40 years were inspected and recommended for replacements due to their poor condition. Replacement of bridge bearings involves major risk and production interruptions given the structural modifications, and critical piping and E&I disconnections required for safe jacking-lifting activities required during the process. This paper presents the approach adopted to assure the integrity of the bridges and extend their lives without the need to replace the bearings. The approach employed failure mode and effect analysis to identifying and narrowing down areas that need focused efforts while tackling the problem. Scenario based structural assessments were carried out to examine the impact of the level of movement-allowing bearings functionality on the integrity of the bridge and its supporting structures; identify critical locations to be targeted during focused inspections; and establish envelopes for monitoring thermal expansion and contraction of the bridges. Guidelines were developed and implemented for integrated inspection-maintenance and repair campaign, which aimed to tackle corrosion issues and to install movement-monitoring indicators. Indicator seasonal monitoring is employed to establish the functionality of bearings on the long-term. The what-if structural assessments revealed that even in the worst-case scenario (in which the bearing are completely jammed) the option of local strengthening of the bridge and its supporting elements is more attractive than bearing replacement. The integrated inspection-maintenance and repair campaigns revealed that excessive corrosion levels observed from historic visual inspections on external non-critical bearing components (e.g: guide plates, angles, etc.) is not indicative of the condition of the internal load-bearing components (pedestals) which experienced much lower corrosion levels. The seasonal monitoring of bridge movements revealed that the 40+ years old Teflon pads are still functional and allow the bridges expansion and contraction. The developed holistic approach enabled demonstration of the fitness for service of the bearings, and provided means for assuring their long-term performance through monitoring. The results assured safety, integrity and delivered significant cost savings through aversion brownfield modifications, and production loss associated with bridge jacking and bearing replacement operations.

Abstract 309: Prediction Chart for Neurological Outcomes of Elderly Patients with Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest and the Corresponding Time to Termination of Resuscitation: Evidence from a Japanese Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Funada ◽  
Yoshikazu Goto ◽  
Masayuki Takamura
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Shockable Rhythm ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Neurological outcomes and the appropriate duration from call receipt to termination of resuscitation (TOR) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) could differ according to patient characteristics. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that a prediction chart comprising prehospital variables, including age, could be useful for predicting neurological outcomes and determining the time to TOR in the field or at the emergency department. Methods: We evaluated 19,829 elderly patients with OHCA (age ≥65 years) of cardiac origin who achieved prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Data were obtained from the prospectively recorded All-Japan Utstein Registry between 2011 and 2016. Patients with OHCA witnessed by emergency medical service providers were excluded. The primary outcome was 1-month neurologically intact survival, defined as a cerebral performance category (CPC) score of 1-2. Patients with OHCA were divided into 12 groups according to shockable rhythm (YES/NO), witness status (YES/NO), and age (65-74, 75-89, or ≥90 years). The time from call receipt to ROSC was calculated and categorized by 5-min intervals. The time from call receipt to ROSC at which the probability of 1-month CPC 1-2 decreased to <1% was defined as the call to TOR duration. Results: The overall 1-month CPC 1-2 rate was 18.9% (n = 3,756). When stratified by patient characteristics, the 1-month CPC 1-2 rates ranged from 52.3% in patients aged 65-74 years with shockable rhythm and witnessed OHCA (best-case scenario) to 1.6% in patients aged ≥90 years with non-shockable rhythm and un-witnessed OHCA (worst-case scenario). The corresponding call to TOR duration ranged from 35 to 10 min (Table). Conclusions: Neurological outcomes and the appropriate call to TOR duration differed according to patient characteristics, including age. Our prediction chart for elderly patients with OHCA could be useful for determining TOR in the field or at the emergency department.

scholarly journals Imported dengue in Spain: a nationwide analysis with predictive time series analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Redondo-Bravo ◽  
Claudia Ruiz-Huerta ◽  
Diana Gomez-Barroso ◽  
María José Sierra-Moros ◽  
Agustín Benito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract Background Of febrile illnesses in Europe, dengue is second only to malaria as a cause of travellers being hospitalized. Local transmission has been reported in several European countries, including Spain. This study assesses the evolution of dengue-related admissions in Spain in terms of time, geographical distribution and individuals’ common characteristics; it also creates a predictive model to evaluate the risk of local transmission. Methods This is a retrospective study using the Hospital Discharge Records Database from 1997 to 2016. We calculated hospitalization rates and described clinical characteristics. Spatial distribution and temporal behaviour were also assessed, and a predictive time series model was created to estimate expected cases in the near future. Figures for resident foreign population, Spanish residents’ trips to endemic regions and the expansion of Aedes albopictus were also evaluated. Results A total of 588 dengue-related admissions were recorded: 49.6% were women, and the mean age was 34.3 years. One person died (0.2%), 82% presented with mild-to-moderate dengue and 7–8% with severe dengue. We observed a trend of steady and consistent increase in incidence (P &lt; 0.05), in parallel with the increase in trips to dengue-endemic regions. Most admissions occurred during the summer, showing significant seasonality with 3-year peaks. We also found important regional differences. According to the predictive time series analysis, a continuing increase in imported dengue incidence can be expected in the near future, which, in the worst case scenario (upper 95% confidence interval), would mean an increase of 65% by 2025. Conclusion We present a nationwide study based on hospital, immigration, travel and entomological data. The constant increase in dengue-related hospitalizations, in combination with wider vector distribution, could imply a higher risk of autochthonous dengue transmission in the years to come. Strengthening the human and vector surveillance systems is a necessity, as are improvements in control measures, in the education of the general public and in fostering their collaboration in order to reduce the impact of imported dengue and to prevent the occurrence of autochthonous cases.

Assembly System Configuration Design for Reconfigurability Under Uncertain Production Evolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengqian Jiang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Maxim A. Dulebenets ◽  
Junayed Pasha
Keyword(s):  
System Throughput ◽  
Assembly System ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Design Evolution ◽  
Product Evolution ◽  
Concurrent Optimization ◽  
The Impact

Assembly system configuration determines the topological arrangement of stations with defined logical material flow among them. The design of assembly system configuration involves (1) subassembly planning that defines subassembly tasks and between-task material flows and (2) workload balancing that determines the task-station assignments. The assembly system configuration should be flexibly changed and updated to cope with product design evolution and updating. However, the uncertainty in future product evolution poses significant challenges to the assembly system configuration design since the higher cost can be incurred if the assembly line suitable for future products is very different from that for the current products. The major challenges include (1) the estimation of reconfiguration cost, (2) unavailability of probability values for possible scenarios of product evolution, and (3) consideration of the impact of the subassembly planning on the task-station assignments. To address these challenges, this paper formulates a concurrent optimization problem to design the assembly system configuration by jointly determining the subassembly planning and task-station assignments considering uncertain product evolution. A new assembly hierarchy similarity model is proposed to estimate the reconfiguration effort by comparing the commonalities among different subassembly plans of current and potential future product designs. The assembly system configuration is chosen by maximizing both assembly hierarchy similarity and assembly system throughput under the worst-case scenario. A case study motivated by real-world scenarios demonstrates the applicability of the proposed method including scenario analysis.

The Impact of Flexbarrier Ingress on Flexlok Stress

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lu ◽  
Frank Ma ◽  
Zhimin Tan ◽  
Terry Sheldrake
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Structural Function ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Nominal Size ◽  
The Impact

An unbonded flexible pipe typically consists of multiple metallic and thermoplastic layers, where each layer is designed to provide a specific structural function. The burst resistance against the internal pressure in an unbonded flexible pipe is provided mainly by its Flexlok layer. The Flexlok is made by helically-wound steel wires, with neighbouring wires interlocking each other. Beneath the Flexlok is the Flexbarrier, a polymer layer, acting as the boundary for conveyed fluids. The internal pressure is passed onto the Flexlok through the Flexbarrier layer. Under internal pressure, the Flexbarrier can creep into the gaps between Flexlok wires. Theoretically, the polymer material ingress could reduce the flexibility of the Flexlok due to premature lock-up between Flexlok wires and subsequently increase the stress levels. This study presents a 3D finite element analysis model developed to quantify the stress elevation in the Flexlok wire, caused by the Flexbarrier layer ingress. In terms of Flexlok gap size distribution, both nominal and worst case scenarios are studied. In the nominal scenario, the Flexlok gap sizes are evenly distributed. In the worst case scenario, the Flexlok gap is assumed to be completely closed at one position while the gaps at the neighbouring positions are twice the nominal size. Flexbarrier ingress with different temperatures is also studied. Conclusions are obtained by analyzing the simulation results. The work presented is part of an ongoing research and development project.

scholarly journals Impact of Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca in European olives

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (17) ◽  
pp. 9250-9259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Schneider ◽  
Wopke van der Werf ◽  
Martina Cendoya ◽  
Monique Mourits ◽  
Juan A. Navas-Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Climatic Suitability ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
The Impact

Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of plant diseases that cause massive economic damage. In 2013, a strain of the bacterium was, for the first time, detected in the European territory (Italy), causing the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome. We simulate future spread of the disease based on climatic-suitability modeling and radial expansion of the invaded territory. An economic model is developed to compute impact based on discounted foregone profits and losses in investment. The model projects impact for Italy, Greece, and Spain, as these countries account for around 95% of the European olive oil production. Climatic suitability modeling indicates that, depending on the suitability threshold, 95.5 to 98.9%, 99.2 to 99.8%, and 84.6 to 99.1% of the national areas of production fall into suitable territory in Italy, Greece, and Spain, respectively. For Italy, across the considered rates of radial range expansion the potential economic impact over 50 y ranges from 1.9 billion to 5.2 billion Euros for the economic worst-case scenario, in which production ceases after orchards die off. If replanting with resistant varieties is feasible, the impact ranges from 0.6 billion to 1.6 billion Euros. Depending on whether replanting is feasible, between 0.5 billion and 1.3 billion Euros can be saved over the course of 50 y if disease spread is reduced from 5.18 to 1.1 km per year. The analysis stresses the necessity to strengthen the ongoing research on cultivar resistance traits and application of phytosanitary measures, including vector control and inoculum suppression, by removing host plants.

scholarly journals Lossless WDM PON Photonic Integrated Receivers Including SOAs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goki ◽  
Imran ◽  
Porzi ◽  
Toccafondo ◽  
Fresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wdm Transmission

The role of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) for amplifying downstream traffic at optical network terminals (ONT) within a silicon-photonics integrated receiver in a high capacity passive optical network (PON) is investigated. The nearly traveling wave SOA effects are evaluated by considering fabrication and link loss constraints through numerical analysis and experimental validation. The impact of hybrid integration of a SOA chip on a silicon on insulator (SOI) photonic chip using the flip chip bonding technique on SOA design is evaluated through numerical analysis of a multi section cavity model. The performance of the proposed ONT receiver design employing twin parallel SOAs is evaluated experimentally on a 32 × 25 Gb/s OOK WDM transmission system considering cross gain modulation (XGM) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) constraints. The XGM impact is evaluated through 32 channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission and a likely PON worst case scenario of high channel power difference (~10 dB) between adjacent channels. The impact of ASE is evaluated through the worst-case polarization condition, i.e., when all of the signal is coupled to only one. Successful transmission was achieved in both worst-case conditions with limited impact on performance. SOA results indicate that a maximum residual facet reflectivity of 4 × 10−4 for the chip-bonded device can lead to a power penalty below 2 dB in a polarization-diversity twin SOAs receiver.

Development of a Robust Design of a Wet Etched Co-integrated Pressure Sensor

2011 ◽  
Vol 1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Schreiber-Prillwitz ◽  
Mikko Saukoski ◽  
Gerhard Chmiel ◽  
Reinhart Job
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Front Side ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
Alignment Errors ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe performance of a co-integrated silicon pressure sensor for the 1-bar full scale range was optimized. A gain in signal of ca. 5% was calculated and verified by optimizing the piezoresis-tors position on the membrane. The influence of alignment errors between the backside cavity mask and the positions of the piezoresistors on the membrane’s front side were calculated. De-pending on the asymmetry, a maximal electrical signal deviation of 1% was found. The impact of underetching effects (KOH) at the backside mask on electrical signals was also analyzed. Un-deretching has a certain range, alters the membrane size, and has a strong impact on sensor per-formances. In a worst case scenario signal variations caused by underetching could be finally reduced from 15% to 4%.

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