scholarly journals The Jaw Epidemic: Recognition, Origins, Cures, and Prevention

BioScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 759-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kahn ◽  
Paul Ehrlich ◽  
Marcus Feldman ◽  
Robert Sapolsky ◽  
Simon Wong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Face ◽  
Wisdom Teeth ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Multiple Chronic Diseases ◽  
Industrial Revolutions ◽  
Phenotypic Responses

Abstract Contemporary humans are living very different lives from those of their ancestors, and some of the changes have had serious consequences for health. Multiple chronic “diseases of civilization,” such as cardiovascular problems, cancers, ADHD, and dementias are prevalent, increasing morbidity rates. Stress, including the disruption of traditional sleep patterns by modern lifestyles, plays a prominent role in the etiology of these diseases, including obstructive sleep apnea. Surprisingly, jaw shrinkage since the agricultural revolution, leading to an epidemic of crooked teeth, a lack of adequate space for the last molars (wisdom teeth), and constricted airways, is a major cause of sleep-related stress. Despite claims that the cause of this jaw epidemic is somehow genetic, the speed with which human jaws have changed, especially in the last few centuries, is much too fast to be evolutionary. Correlation in time and space strongly suggests the symptoms are phenotypic responses to a vast natural experiment—rapid and dramatic modifications of human physical and cultural environments. The agricultural and industrial revolutions have produced smaller jaws and less-toned muscles of the face and oropharynx, which contribute to the serious health problems mentioned above. The mechanism of change, research and clinical trials suggest, lies in orofacial posture, the way people now hold their jaws when not voluntarily moving them in speaking or eating and especially when sleeping. The critical resting oral posture has been disrupted in societies no longer hunting and gathering. Virtually all aspects of how modern people function and rest are radically different from those of our ancestors. We also briefly discuss treatment of jaw symptoms and possible clinical cures for individuals, as well as changes in society that might lead to better care and, ultimately, prevention.

THE ROOTS OF MODERN CAPITALISM: A MARXIST ACCOUNTING HISTORY OF THE ORIGINS AND CONSEQUENCES OF CAPITALIST LANDLORDS IN ENGLAND

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Bryer
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

A major debate neglected by accounting historians is the importance of landlords in the English agricultural revolution. The paper uses accounting evidence from the historical literature to test Marx's theory that, from around 1750, England's landlords played a pivotal role by adopting and then spreading the capitalist mentality and social relations by enclosures and changes in the management of their estates and tenants. It gives an accounting interpretation of Marx's theory of rent and argues that the available evidence supports his view that the conversion of English landlords to capitalism underlay the later stages of the agricultural revolution. The conclusion explains the linkages in Marx's theory between the agricultural and industrial revolutions, and calls on accounting historians to conduct archival research into the agricultural roots of modern capitalism.

The Exponential Nature of Technology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlindo Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Exponential Functions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Nature Of Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

This chapter provides a brief review of the history of technology, covering pre-historical technologies, the agricultural revolution, the first two industrial revolutions, and the third industrial revolution, based on information technology. Evidence is provided that technological development tends to follow an exponential curve, leading to technologies that typically were unpredictable just a few years before. An analysis of a number of exponential trends and behaviors is provided, in order to acquaint the reader with the sometimes surprising properties of exponential growth. In general, exponential functions tend to grow slower than expected in the short term, and faster than expected in the long term. It is this property that make technology evolution very hard to predict.

scholarly journals Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1401-1434
Author(s):  
Sonal Anchlia
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Treatment Goals ◽  
View Point ◽  
Functional Rehabilitation ◽  
Tmj Ankylosis ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Face ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Staged Treatment ◽  
Joint Ankylosis

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to inculcate a newer, deeper understanding of TMJ Ankylosis– both from the pathological as well as the clinical view point. Newer classifications may now determine surgical procedures. Interpositional materials may not be just soft tissues interposed between the cut ends, but also hard tissues forming the new Ramus Condyle Unit (RCU). Facial deformity may be recognized to be as important as inability to open the mouth; more so, if accompanied by Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Multi-staged treatment plans of release first followed by asymmetry correction may be replaced by single staged joint replacement & total facial aesthetic as well as functional rehabilitation. Finally, the importance of unfavorable events in TMJ Ankylosis surgery may be recognized, which would lead to better results in terms of treatment goals, i.e. to restore joint function, improve facial appearance & airway issues, correct malocclusion & re-establish harmony between the TMJ, the face and the teeth.

scholarly journals Existentialism in For Whom the Bell Tolls

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolutions ◽  
Commit Suicide

As the scientific and industrial revolutions came to a head in the 19th century, and society became increasingly secularized, the traditional social order underwent radical change in a very short time. During this period, people began to feel disconnected from the traditional belief systems that had helped them make sense of the world and of their lives. In these conditions, people may not literally commit suicide, but a kind of spiritual death – spiritual death – becomes a real danger. It occurs when people give up to resignation and surrender in the face of what they see as the pointlessness of existence.

Mindfulness and Valued Living in the Face of Racism-Related Stress

Mindfulness ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Martinez ◽  
Karen L. Suyemoto ◽  
Tahirah Abdullah ◽  
Inger Burnett-Zeigler ◽  
Lizabeth Roemer
Keyword(s):  
The Face ◽  
Valued Living ◽  
Related Stress

Effects of the nasal passage on forced oscillation lung function measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuong Ngo ◽  
Karl Krüger ◽  
Thomas Vollmer ◽  
Stefan Winter ◽  
Bernhard Penzlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Oscillation ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Face ◽  
Impedance Calculation

AbstractThe forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a non-invasive pulmonary function test which is based on the measurement of respiratory impedance. Recently, promising results were obtained by the application of FOT on patients with respiratory failure and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). By using a nasal mask instead of a mouthpiece, the influences of the nasal passage and upper shunt alter the measured mechanical impedance. In this paper, we investigated the effects of the nasal passage and mask on FOT measurements from eight healthy subjects. A method for flow correction has been developed, which contains a pressure-flow characteristics compensation of the undetermined flow leakage at the face-mask interface. Impedance calculation and parameter estimation were performed in the frequency domain using fast Fourier transform (FFT). Average nasal parameters were

scholarly journals Subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy may be the first choice for tonsillectomy in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110119
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Pan-hong Dang ◽  
Huan-huan Chang ◽  
Zi-han Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Tonsillar Hypertrophy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The Face ◽  
Intracapsular Tonsillectomy

Objective To investigate the effect and prognosis of subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy. Methods All children (n=162) with tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis were randomly divided into two groups: tonsillectomy (n=75) and subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy (n=87). Tonsillectomy: the tonsillar tissue was completely removed along with the tonsillar capsule. Subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy: 80% to 90% of the tonsils and the complete epithelium of the tonsillar crypts were removed without damaging the tonsillar capsule. The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) and parents’ postoperative pain measure (PPPM) scales were used to evaluate postoperative pain, and the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-18 questionnaire was used to assess the children’s postoperative quality of life. The patients were followed-up for 2 years. Results 1. The FLACC and PPPM scales indicated that the children’s postoperative pain after subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy was significantly less than that of children undergoing tonsillectomy. 2. The OSA-18 scale scores indicated that subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy significantly improved the children’s quality of life. 3. Two years after subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy, no patients required reoperation. Conclusion Subtotal intracapsular tonsillectomy may be the first choice for tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis patients.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ISOLATED SEGMENTAL CHIN OSTEOTOMY (SCO) ON THE PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY SPACE

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 495-506
Author(s):  
Larysa DAKHNO ◽  
Iryna LOGVYNENKO
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Virtual Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Facial Esthetics ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Face

The chin affects facial esthetics and the harmony between frontal and lateral views and is one of the most important anatomic structures of the lower third of the face. Chin osteotomy is aimed at ensuring the harmonization of the facial profile by balancing the size and form of the lower third of the face. It is assumed that the isolated genioplasty surgery will improve the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) by promoting muscle changes, specifically by pulling forward the hyoid bone and decompressing the hypopharynx region. Two patients without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) underwent isolated chin osteotomy for esthetic purposes. Forward movement of the chin by the Pg point was 7 mm in one case and 11 mm in another case. They were evaluated by preoperative and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography scans. The upper airway space was subdivided into retropalatal and retroglossal spaces. After this, the upper airway space was analyzed through the following criteria: 1) three-dimensional, high-altitude, cross-sectional surfaces; 2) transverse and anteroposterior diameter changes. Isolated segmental genioplasty was used after precise virtual planning and resulted in the PAS increase only in one case. There was a relevant correlation between the vertical and horizontal chin change and the hypopharynx. There was an average of a 1.6-fold increase in the total volume of the upper airway space. The retroglossal space was increased 1.5-fold. In another case, there was no relevant correlation between the vertical and horizontal chin change and the PAS. Isolated segmental chin osteotomy provides predictable esthetic results in the correction of different mandible anterior deformities and may contribute to an increased volume and a morphologic airway change. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the effect of isolated segmental genioplasty on the pharyngeal airway space.

scholarly journals Persepsi Orang Rimba Terhadap Hutan dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sistem Sosial

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
Takiddin Takiddin
Keyword(s):  
Staple Food ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
Permanent Home ◽  
The Face ◽  
Food Needs

Forest people perceive forests asliving quarter stomaintaint their existence is the face of the earth. They saw the forest as their homes. They do not have a permanent home, as usual modern humanism general. They made the house just enough to protect them from rain and heat. Their house isshapedlike a very simple ordinary tents they calls udung. Their perception of space also affect show these tribes make ends meet. Traditionally basically staple food needs and another needs can be metby the forest. Their traditional way of life consists of hunting and gathering.

scholarly journals Does workplace counselling work?

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McLeod ◽  
Max Henderson
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Counselling Service ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Compensation Claims ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Stress At Work ◽  
Court Of Appeal

There has been a rapid increase in compensation claims for work-related stress in recent years (Dyer, 2002). A Court of Appeal ruling last year (Sutherland v. Hatton, 2002) made it clear that employees who feel under stress at work should inform their employers and give them a chance to do something about it. Any employer who offers a confidential counselling service with access to treatment may have some protection from prosecution. In the face of a possible explosion in the provision of such services we need to ask – do they actually work? In 2001 the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy commissioned and published a report, Counselling in the Workplace: The Facts (McLeod, 2001), which described itself as ‘the most comprehensive possible review of all English language studies of counselling in the workplace’. The results appeared clear and unequivocal. After counselling, work-related symptoms returned to normal in more than half of all clients and sickness absence was reduced by over 25%. The report has received much publicity in the general medical press (Mayor, 2001). But just how reliable is the evidence? We asked Professor John McLeod, the author of the report, and Dr Max Henderson, Clinical Research Fellow in Occupational Psychiatry, to debate the issue: ‘Does workplace counselling work?’ The arguments will inform other debates into interventions that seem intrinsically to be a ‘good thing’ but that have not yet been subjected to rigorous investigation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document