Population demography, genetic variation and reproductive biology of two rare and endangered Neoregelia species (Bromeliaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-802
Author(s):  
Leandro Freitas ◽  
Priciane C C Ribeiro ◽  
Aline S Cancio ◽  
Marco A Machado ◽  
Michelle C Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Plant Demography ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Main Component

Abstract Although plant demography, genetics and reproduction are inter-related processes, few studies on rare tropical plants have attempted to integrate them. We used an integrated approach to study two endangered Neoregelia spp. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The floral phenotypes of N. ibitipocensis and N. oligantha are similar, and both species are visited and pollinated only by bumblebees. Flowers of N. ibitipocensis secrete copious nectar, which bees can access only by forcing the corolla to open, whereas flowers of N. oligantha are nectarless. Neoregelia ibitipocensis is self-incompatible and pollen-limited, whereas N. oligantha is self-compatible and sets fruits spontaneously. Population growth rates indicate an increasing population size for both species, although to a lesser extent for N. oligantha. Genetic diversity as a whole was moderate; Bayesian analysis indicated a spatially structured cluster for N. ibitipocensis populations, and genetic diversity was scattered across the distribution of N. oligantha. Despite these differences, vegetative reproduction via clonal growth was the main component of population structuring in both species. Limited seed production in N. ibitipocensis and the risk of genetic drift in N. oligantha seem to be the main threats to their persistence.

Genetic diversity and genetic structure of the rare and endangered species, Primula ranunculoides

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-609
Author(s):  
Wang Deyun ◽  
Peng Jie ◽  
Chen Yajing ◽  
Lü Guosheng ◽  
Zhang Xiaoping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Structure of Latvian Tilia cordata Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Dainis Edgars Ruņģis ◽  
Baiba Krivmane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Broadleaf Species

Abstract Changing climatic conditions are transforming the ecological and silvicultural roles of broadleaf tree species in northern Europe. Small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) is distributed throughout most of Europe, and is a common broadleaf species in Latvia. This species can tolerate a broad range of environmental and ecological conditions, including temperature, water availability, and soil types. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian T. cordata populations using nuclear microsatellite markers developed for Tilia platyphyllos. After testing of 15 microsatellite markers, Latvian T. cordata samples were genotyped at 14 micro-satellite loci. Latvian T. cordata populations had high genetic diversity, and were not overly isolated from each other, with moderate gene flow between populations. No highly differentiated populations were identified. Vegetative reproduction was identified in most analysed populations, and almost one-third of analysed individuals are of clonal origin. T. cordata has high timber production potential under the current climatic and growth conditions in Latvia, and therefore this species has potential for use in forestry, as well as playing a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and other ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of a Brazilian Strain Collection of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Based on the Type III Effector Protein Genes

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Jaciani ◽  
J. A. Ferro ◽  
M. I. T. Ferro ◽  
C. Vernière ◽  
O. Pruvost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Type Iii Effector ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Strain Collection ◽  
Bacterial Effectors ◽  
Dna Primers

Exclusion and eradication or management based on an integrated approach with less susceptible varieties, copper-based bactericides, and windbreaks are the two main strategies used to prevent or control citrus canker. Field tolerance or resistance to citrus canker is not found in the most important commercial sweet orange cultivars, and pathogen-derived resistance has been developed and applied in different crops to obtain resistant genotypes to plant pathogens. We describe the development of DNA primers and probes based on the type III effector genes avrXacE1, avrXacE2, avrXacE3, avrBs2, pthA4, hpaF, and XAC3090 (leucine rich protein), and their application in the evaluation of the genetic diversity of the pathogen. A total of 49 haplotypes were identified in 157 strains by Southern blot analysis. No genetic polymorphism was detected by BOX elements - and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus–polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) analysis, nor with the genes avrBs2, XAC3090, and hpaF. Nei's genetic diversity indexes varied from 0.65 to 0.96 for subcollections of the pathogen. One or few haplotypes were most frequent in the strain collection, but several haplotypes were represented by solely one or few strains. The PthA4 probe resulted in the higher number of haplotypes identified in the Brazilian subcollections. Greater variation in the frequency of haplotypes occurred within subcollections (93.7%) than among subcollections. Only some haplotypes were genetically distant from all others, especially those originated from Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states. These bacterial effectors are widely spread in the collections and are useful for a better understanding of the host–pathogen interaction and the search for resistance genes in host and nonhost plants.

scholarly journals Challenges to assessing connectivity between massive populations of the Australian plague locust

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1721) ◽  
pp. 3152-3160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Chapuis ◽  
Julie-Anne M. Popple ◽  
Karine Berthier ◽  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
Edward Deveson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Approximate Bayesian ◽  
Australian Plague Locust

Linking demographic and genetic dispersal measures is of fundamental importance for movement ecology and evolution. However, such integration can be difficult, particularly for highly fecund species that are often the target of management decisions guided by an understanding of population movement. Here, we present an example of how the influence of large population sizes can preclude genetic approaches from assessing demographic population structuring, even at a continental scale. The Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera , is a significant pest, with populations on the eastern and western sides of Australia having been monitored and managed independently to date. We used microsatellites to assess genetic variation in 12 C. terminifera population samples separated by up to 3000 km. Traditional summary statistics indicated high levels of genetic diversity and a surprising lack of population structure across the entire range. An approximate Bayesian computation treatment indicated that levels of genetic diversity in C. terminifera corresponded to effective population sizes conservatively composed of tens of thousands to several million individuals. We used these estimates and computer simulations to estimate the minimum rate of dispersal, m , that could account for the observed range-wide genetic homogeneity. The rate of dispersal between both sides of the Australian continent could be several orders of magnitude lower than that typically considered as required for the demographic connectivity of populations.

Biogeography and life history ameliorate the potentially negative genetic effects of stocking on Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii)

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meaghan L. Rourke ◽  
Helen C. McPartlan ◽  
Brett A. Ingram ◽  
Andrea C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Murray Cod ◽  
High Fish ◽  
River Catchments ◽  
Historical Samples

Stocking wild fish populations with hatchery-bred fish has numerous genetic implications for fish species worldwide. In the present study, 16 microsatellite loci were used to determine the genetic effects of nearly three decades of Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) stocking in five river catchments in southern Australia. Genetic parameters taken from scale samples collected from 1949 to 1954 before the commencement of stocking were compared with samples collected 16 to 28 years after stocking commenced, and with samples from a local hatchery that supplements these catchments. Given that the five catchments are highly connected and adult Murray cod undertake moderate migrations, we predicted that there would be minimal population structuring of historical samples, whereas contemporary samples may have diverged slightly and lost genetic diversity as a result of stocking. A Bayesian Structure analysis indicated genetic homogeneity among the catchments both pre- and post-stocking, indicating that stocking has not measurably impacted genetic structure, although allele frequencies in one catchment changed slightly over this period. Current genetic diversity was moderately high (HE = 0.693) and had not changed over the period of stocking. Broodfish had a similar level of genetic diversity to the wild populations, and effective population size had not changed substantially between the two time periods. Our results may bode well for stocking programs of species that are undertaken without knowledge of natural genetic structure, when river connectivity is high, fish are moderately migratory and broodfish are sourced locally.

High genetic diversity in a rare and endangered sunflower as compared to a common congener

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2345-2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. ELLIS ◽  
C. H. PASHLEY ◽  
J. M. BURKE ◽  
D. E. McCAULEY
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rare And Endangered
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