Initial Weight Loss Among Breastfed Ugandan Neonates and Its Association with Subsequent Growth

Abstract Objectives To describe initial newborn weight loss and its association with subsequent growth among at-risk newborn populations in Uganda. Methods We weighed 205 breastfeeding infants born at ≥2000 g in Kampala and Mukono, Uganda, to ± 5 g at <6 hours of age and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12 and 30 days of age. Data was collected on feeding and health outcomes. Percent weight change was defined as the difference between weight at <6 hours and subsequent weight, expressed as a proportion of birth weight. Fisher's exact and the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for bivariate analysis of dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively, to account for outcome frequency. Results In this cohort, all infants were delivered vaginally and 99 (49%) were male (Table). Mean weight and length at birth were 3153 ± 415 g and 48.2 ± 2.0 cm, respectively; 9 (4%) infants were low birth weight (LBW). At 30 days of age, 199 (99.5%) of infants were still breastfeeding, 173 (85%) infants had received supplementary feeding during the first month, and 4 (2%) had received formula during the first month. Weight nadir occurred at 1.7 ± 1.3 days of age, when weight change was −5.6 ± 3.4% of birthweight. At 30 days of age, weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) ≤−2 occurred among 10 (5%) infants. Weight nadir was 9.3% ± 5.7% below birth weight for infants who eventually had 30-day WAZ ≤−2, compared to 5.4% ± 3.2% below birth weight for infants who eventually had 30-day WAZ >−2 (P = 0.005). In this cohort, 8 (90%) of LBW infants were born to primiparous mothers, compared to 59 (30%) non-LBW infants (P = 0.002). Infants of primiparous mothers were also more likely to have low WAZ at 30 days of age (70% vs. 31%; P = 0.02). Conclusions In this cohort of breastfed infants from Kampala and Mukono, Uganda, breastfeeding newborns lost about 6% of their birth weight at nadir, which occurred at an average of 1.7 days of age. Infants born to primiparous mothers appeared to be at greater risk of underweight at 30 days of age. Understanding the relationship between early weight loss and subsequent outcomes could inform the development of strategies to optimize growth. Funding Sources The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

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Weight Changes after Vertical Banded Gastroplication

Scottish Medical Journal ◽

10.1177/003693300505000206 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 58-60

Author(s):

J J Lara ◽

L Murray ◽

R Carter ◽

R Stuart ◽

M E J Lean

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Weight Change ◽

Weight Regain ◽

Liquid Diet ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Initial Weight Loss

Aims: This study assessed the patterns of weight change in response to surgical treatment for obesity. Methods: Vertical Banded Gastroplication (VBG) was performed during the period 1994–2000. Patients were required to follow a liquid diet (8oo kcals) for 12 weeks before surgery. The same diet plus a multivitamin capsule (Forceval) was followed for 12 weeks postoperatively, after which normal foods were introduced. Data from 23 patients, 16 women and 7 men, aged 33–63 years (mean, SD; 42±8yrs), with BMI from 38 to 69 kg/m2 (52.5 ± 8.1 kg/m2) at the time of the surgery were available for analysis. Follow up was 3 to 7 years (mean 4 years). Results: An initial weight loss of 44.4 ± 24.3 kg (min 11.5, max 110.5 kg) was reached during the first two years (mean BMI decrease 15.8 kg/m2). However a regain in weight (36% of the initial weight loss = 5.6 kg/m2) up to 3 to 7 years after surgery was usual. Average annual regain was 13.6 kg (n=17), 9.45 kg (n=11) and 0.8 kg (n=8) during the 3rd, 4th and 5th year after surgery). Five participants reached a BMI below 30 but only one, BMI<25, has maintained all the weight loss after 5 years. Conclusions: Weight loss following VBG ceased after two years with a subsequent substantial weight regain. Auxiliary therapies to counteract weight regain are necessary after VBG.

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Food reward sensitivity, impulsivity, and weight change during and after a 3-month weight loss program

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243530 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243530

Author(s):

Kathryn M. Ross ◽

Abraham Eastman ◽

Umelo A. Ugwoaba ◽

Kathryn E. Demos ◽

Jason Lillis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Weight Change ◽

Food Reward ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Reward Sensitivity ◽

Initial Weight Loss ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Management Interventions ◽

Power Of Food Scale

Background Greater sensitivity to food rewards and higher levels of impulsivity (and an interaction between these variables, termed “reinforcement pathology”) have been associated with obesity in cross-sectional studies. Less is known regarding how these constructs may impact attempts at weight loss or longer-term weight loss maintenance. Methods We provided 75 adults (69%Female, 84%White, age = 50.8y, BMI = 31.2kg/m2) with a 3-month Internet-based weight loss program and assessed weight, food reward sensitivity (via the Power of Food Scale [PFS]), and impulsivity (via Go No-Go [GNG] and Delay Discounting [DD] computer tasks) at baseline and at Months 3, 6, 9, and 12. No additional intervention was provided Months 3–12. Multi-level mixed-effect models were used to examine changes in PFS, GNG, and DD over time and associations between these measures and weight loss/regain. Results Participants lost 6.0±1.1kg Months 0–3 and regained 2.4±1.1kg Months 3–12. Across time points, higher PFS scores were associated with higher weight, p = .007; however, there were no significant associations between GNG or DD and weight nor between the interactions of PFS and GNG or DD and weight, ps>.05. There were significant decreases from Months 0–3 in PFS, GNG, and DD, ps < .05; however, neither baseline values nor changes were significantly associated with weight change and there were no significant associations between the interactions of PFS and GNG or DD and weight change, ps>.05. Conclusion Results demonstrated an association between food reward sensitivity and weight. Further, decreases in both food reward sensitivity and impulsivity were observed during an initial weight loss program, but neither baseline levels nor improvements were associated with weight change. Taken together, results suggest that the constructs of food reward sensitivity, impulsivity, and reinforcement pathology may have limited clinical utility within behavioral weight management interventions. Future intervention studies should examine whether food-related impulsivity tasks lead to a similar pattern of results.

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Patterns of Weight Change: The Interval 6 to 10 Years after Initial Weight Loss in a Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Program

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1985.57.1.195 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 195-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Henry A. Jordan ◽

Arlene J. Canavan ◽

Robert A. Steer

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Treatment Program ◽

Weight Change ◽

Behavioral Treatment ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Initial Weight Loss ◽

The Past ◽

Weight Losses

29 men and 82 women who had achieved at least a 15-lb. weight loss in a 20-wk. cognitive-behavioral treatment program for obesity were asked 6 to 10 yr. after treatment about their current weights and January 1 weights for the past five years. Four types of weight change indices were then developed to ascertain whether or not the patients had maintained their postprogram weight losses since leaving treatment. Comparisons of pre- and postprogram mean weight differences indicated that the patients had gained an average of 7.15 lb. (3.24 kg) by 1983, but there had not been a mean increase in weight since an earlier follow-up in 1978. Importantly, 32.4% reported 1983 weights below their postprogram weights, and there were no mean differences between the sexes with respect to weight changes for either 1978 or 1983. A weight index based upon percentages of weight gain since leaving treatment indicated that 40.5% had gained back more than 67% of weight that they had lost during treatment. Inspection of 90 patients' weight fluctuations over the past five years above or below their postprogram weights showed 25 distinct patterns. Each of the four weight-change indices gave different perspectives about the patients' abilities to manage their weights over time. The complexity of employing different weight-change indices for evaluating the long-term efficacy of cognitive-behavioral treatment programs for obesity was discussed.

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FACTORS INFLUENCING WEANING WEIGHTS OF RANGE BEEF AND DAIRY-BEEF CALVES

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas80-084 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 727-742 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

SARAH BUTSON ◽

R.T. BERG ◽

R.T. HARDIN

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Lactation Performance ◽

Weaning Weight ◽

University Of Alberta ◽

Beef Herd ◽

Daily Milk Yield

June and September measurements of lactation were made using 206 (1976) and 242 (1977) cows ranging from 2 to 10 yr of age from the University of Alberta beef herd representing four beef and dairy-beef breeds and lines. Influences on calf weaning weight investigated were age and breed of dam, sex of calf, and the continuous variables of calf age, calf birth weight, cow winter weight loss, cow post-calving average daily gain, milk yields and constituent yields of butterfat, protein and lactose. Milk and constituent yields had similar relationships to calf weaning weight (r = approximately 0.6). Stepwise regressions involving age and breed of dam accounted for 48 and 45% of the variance in weaning weight. When age and breed of dam were ignored, milk or constituent yields accounted for approximately 40% of weaning weight variance. After removing main effects, milk variables explained from 6.2 to 10.4% of the total variance. A unit increase of 1 kg in average daily milk yield was associated with 7.7 kg increase in weaning weight. Birth weight of calf and cow weight change during lactation had minor effects on calf weaning weight. No significant source of variation in weaning weight was explained by cow winter weight loss. As a significant proportion of the variation in weaning weight is accounted for by milk and constituent yields, selection for increased lactation performance and the introduction of dairy breeds into the breeding program of a beef herd can effect meaningful increases in calf weaning weights.

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Studies on the shearing of housed pregnant ewes

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100031846 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A. J. F. Russel ◽

R. H. Armstrong ◽

I. R. White

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Live Weight ◽

Subsequent Growth ◽

Short Term ◽

Respiration Rates ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Lamb Growth

ABSTRACTTwo experiments were conducted in successive years with, respectively, 112 and 194 mature Scottish Blackface ewes to study the effects of shearing during pregnancy on lamb birth weight and subsequent growth. In each year half the ewes were shorn approx. 10 weeks before lambing. Shorn and unshorn ewes were offered and consumed equal quantities of food.In both years the shorn ewes lost approx. 2 kg of live weight shortly after shearing (making allowance for the weight of wool removed); thereafter live-weight differences remained relatively constant. Plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations indicated that the initial live-weight loss was probably attributable to short-term increases in heat production and energy expenditure.Respiration rates and rectal temperatures of unshorn ewes were always higher than in shorn ewes, but were not elevated to an extent indicative of heat stress.Shearing had no effect on the birth weights of single or twin lambs, nor was there any effect on lamb growth rate to 14 weeks of age.It is postulated that the effects of shearing on lamb birth weight reported by others working with sheep fed ad libitum are most likely to be due to the increased voluntary food intakes of shorn ewes.

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How Much Do Formula-Fed Infants Take in the First 2 Days?

Clinical Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/0009922816637647 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 46-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hugo Davila-Grijalva ◽

Andrea Hernandez Troya ◽

Elizabeth Kring ◽

Jennifer DeRidder ◽

M. Jeffrey Maisels

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Term Newborns ◽

The Mean

Objective. To document the intake of exclusively formula-fed newborns during the first 2 days of life. Methods. We enrolled a cohort of 50 healthy newborns ≥37 weeks’ gestation and documented their daily formula intake until discharge. We surveyed pediatricians regarding their assessment of the intake of formula fed infants. Results. In all, 37 of 50 newborns stayed for at least 48 hours. The mean ± SD gestational age was 39.5 ± 0.88 weeks. Mean ±SD formula intake for the first 48 hours (n = 37) was 57.2 ± 20.4 mL/kg/d and mean weight loss at 45.7 ± 8.8 hours, was 2.7% of birth weight. Pediatricians underestimated the amounts taken by these infants. Conclusions. In the first 2 days, healthy term newborns, fed formula ad lib, consume about 115 mL/kg, about 2 to 3 times as much as breastfed infants, and they lose only 2.7% of their birthweight by 48 hours. Most pediatricians underestimate the intake of formula-fed infants.

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Weighing the Facts

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334415597681 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 28-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Diane Thulier

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Data Collection ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Research Study ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Feeding Type ◽

The Mean ◽

Type Sample

All breastfeeding infants lose some weight in the early days of life. Conventionally, 5% to 7% loss of birth weight has been accepted as the normal and expected amount of weight loss before infants begin to gain weight steadily. When infants lose more than 7% of their birth weight, breastfeeding adequacy is sometimes questioned and formula supplementation is often given. Despite the fact that 5% to 7% is well known and commonly cited, little reliable evidence exists that supports use of this figure as a guide to practice. A systematic review of studies that focused on infant weight loss was conducted. The main objective was to determine the mean amount of weight loss for healthy, full-term exclusively breastfed infants after birth. One previous review and 9 primary studies published since 2008 were examined. The reported mean infant weight loss ranged widely among studies from 3.79% to 8.6%. The point at which most infants have lost the most amount of weight occurs 2 to 4 days after birth. Close examination of the studies, however, revealed significant methodological flaws in the research. Study limitations commonly included gaps in data collection, lack of documented feeding type, sample groups that lacked adequate numbers of exclusively breastfed infants, and the exclusion of breastfed infants who lost the most weight. Well-designed clinical studies that address these limitations are needed.

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Hubungan Antara Anemia dan Kebiasaan Merokok pada Ibu Hamil dengan Kejadian BBLR di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Tahun 2016

SRIWIJAYA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE ◽

10.32539/sjm.v1i2.13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 89-94

Author(s):

Intan Sari

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

General Hospital ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Complete Information ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Survey Method ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional

Low Birth Weight (LBW) is an infant born with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams regardless of gestation. Birth weight is the weight of the baby weighed in 1 hour after birth. (Depkes RI, 2009). Based on WHO and UNICEF data, in 2013 about 222 million babies were born in the world, of which 16% were born with low birth weight. The percentage of LBW in developing countries is 16.5% twice that of developed countries (7%) (Scholar Unand, 2014). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between anemia and Smoking Habit in Pregnant Women with LBW occurrence in General Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Year 2016. This research use analytical survey method with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all mothers who gave birth monthly in Midwifery Installation of Dr. General Hospital Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2016 as many as 315 respondents. The sample of this research is some of mothers who give birth enough month in Midwifery Installation of Dr. General Hospital Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Year 2016 as many as 315 respondents. ". From the results of bivariate analysis of anemic respondents with the occurrence of LBW obtained statistical test X2 count = 23.22 which means there is a significant relationship between anemia with the incidence of BBLR. Respondents smoking with the occurrence of LBWR obtained statistical test X2 count = 41.20 which means there is a relationship Meaningful between smoking and LBW incidence. From the results of this study is expected that this research can be a reference material and is a complete information and useful for the development of knowledge about LBW.

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