Weighing the Facts

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Thulier
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Feeding Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type Sample

All breastfeeding infants lose some weight in the early days of life. Conventionally, 5% to 7% loss of birth weight has been accepted as the normal and expected amount of weight loss before infants begin to gain weight steadily. When infants lose more than 7% of their birth weight, breastfeeding adequacy is sometimes questioned and formula supplementation is often given. Despite the fact that 5% to 7% is well known and commonly cited, little reliable evidence exists that supports use of this figure as a guide to practice. A systematic review of studies that focused on infant weight loss was conducted. The main objective was to determine the mean amount of weight loss for healthy, full-term exclusively breastfed infants after birth. One previous review and 9 primary studies published since 2008 were examined. The reported mean infant weight loss ranged widely among studies from 3.79% to 8.6%. The point at which most infants have lost the most amount of weight occurs 2 to 4 days after birth. Close examination of the studies, however, revealed significant methodological flaws in the research. Study limitations commonly included gaps in data collection, lack of documented feeding type, sample groups that lacked adequate numbers of exclusively breastfed infants, and the exclusion of breastfed infants who lost the most weight. Well-designed clinical studies that address these limitations are needed.

How Much Do Formula-Fed Infants Take in the First 2 Days?

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Davila-Grijalva ◽  
Andrea Hernandez Troya ◽  
Elizabeth Kring ◽  
Jennifer DeRidder ◽  
M. Jeffrey Maisels
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
The Mean

Objective. To document the intake of exclusively formula-fed newborns during the first 2 days of life. Methods. We enrolled a cohort of 50 healthy newborns ≥37 weeks’ gestation and documented their daily formula intake until discharge. We surveyed pediatricians regarding their assessment of the intake of formula fed infants. Results. In all, 37 of 50 newborns stayed for at least 48 hours. The mean ± SD gestational age was 39.5 ± 0.88 weeks. Mean ±SD formula intake for the first 48 hours (n = 37) was 57.2 ± 20.4 mL/kg/d and mean weight loss at 45.7 ± 8.8 hours, was 2.7% of birth weight. Pediatricians underestimated the amounts taken by these infants. Conclusions. In the first 2 days, healthy term newborns, fed formula ad lib, consume about 115 mL/kg, about 2 to 3 times as much as breastfed infants, and they lose only 2.7% of their birthweight by 48 hours. Most pediatricians underestimate the intake of formula-fed infants.

Comparative drought resistance of Bos indicus and Bos taurus crossbred herds in central Queensland. 2. Relative mortality rates, calf birth weights, and weights and weight changes of breeding cows

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (61) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Frisch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Method Of Least Squares ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mature Weight

The mortality rates, weight changes and associated effects of a. draught in 1969 were observed in a herd of Shorthorn x Hereford (SH), Brahman x SH (BX) and Africander x SH (AX) crossbred cows and small herds of purebred Brahman and Africander cows at 'Belmont', Queensland. About half of the cows calved over a two month period from mid-October 1969. All the cows were weighed in February 1968, February and October 1969 and in January 1970 and the data from the crossbreds analysed by the method of least squares. The weights and weight changes of both the calving and non-calving groups followed a similar pattern though the weight changes of the non-calving group were of greater magnitude. The weights showed that the three crossbreds reached the same mature weight but at different rates. The SH cows reached mature weight least rapidly, had the highest mean weight loss during the drought and had the lowest mean gains after the season broke. Weight changes both during and after the drought were however dependent on lactational status in February 1969. The mean weight loss of cows that weaned a calf in 1969 (wet) was similar for all breeds. However, the mean loss of the dry SH cows was significantly greater than that of the dry BX and AX cows. Previously wet cows exhibited compensatory gains after calving but the gain of the wet SH cows was the lowest of the crossbred means. The mean birth weight of the SH calves was reduced below the long term mean by about 4 kg but birthweights of BX and AX calves were similar to those in other years. During the drought the purebred Brahmans lost the least and the purebred Africanders lost the most weight of all breeds. However, the nature of the data precludes any strict comparisons from being drawn. Mortality rates of breeding cows were recorded from 1960 to 1969. Rates were generally highest for the SH, particularly in the drought years of 1965 and 1969. Some reasons are advanced which may explain the differences in performance of the breed types.

Analysis of Infants Based on Data from the German Perinatal Survey of the Years 1994–2011 in Mecklenburg-Pomerania, Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 218 (02) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
D. Schneider ◽  
S. Radloff ◽  
M. Bolz ◽  
V. Briese
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

AbstractThis communication presents precise percentile values for birth weight, birth length and cranial circumference of infants in Mecklenburg-Pomerania, Germany.Based on data from the German Perinatal Survey of the years 1994–2011 in Mecklenburg-Pomerania, the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 97th percentile values for birth weight, birth length and head circumference are specified. The measurements of a total of 174 084 infants from non-multiple births are shown.The statistically calculated percentile values are presented in tabular and graph forms. The mean birth weight of the infants was 3 437.8 g. The average age of the mothers was 27.9 years. The average duration of pregnancy was 39.4 complete weeks.The insights gained from many years of data collection are presented as standardised, regional percentile values and curves for Mecklenburg-Pomerania for the first time. The differentiated presentation for the federal state opens the possibility for individually tailored consultations in clinical practice and may provide support for recognised national curves for these values.

scholarly journals The use of surface electromyography in assessing the effectiveness of manual therapy: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Rui Santiago ◽  
J. Santos Baptista ◽  
André Magalhães ◽  
J. Torres Costa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Manual Therapy ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Methodologic Quality

Research on the use of surface electromyography (sEMG) for analyzing the effects of Manual Therapy (MT) seems to have very dispersed intentions. The development of data collection protocols using sEMG might not be stable for conducting clinical studies. This study aimed to evaluate the current literature using surface sEMG in the context of MT and verify if it is a useful tool to verify its effectiveness. Also, to assess the methodologic quality and reporting standards and make a reflective analysis of how this technique has been used for this treatment modality. A computerized search was performed in May 2017 and repeated in June 2018, the search was performed in 8 electronic databases following PRISMA protocol. Thirty-one papers were included. More and better-designed studies are needed to create improved protocols. Further exploration and validation of these protocols may help to conduct more reliable clinically driven trials and it may inform policymakers of the role of MT in health care. The detection of clinically meaningful electrical alterations in muscles seems to be the main objective of most authors. Several sEMG items were not reported, and overall methodology quality was low.

scholarly journals Immediate Autogenous Extracted Tooth as a Grafting Material For Fresh Socket Preservation: a Systematic Review.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zurab Khabadze ◽  
◽  
Oleg Mordanov ◽  
Marina Dashtieva ◽  
Ia Todua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
English Language ◽  
Socket Preservation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: To evaluate the use of extracted autogenous teeth for socket preservation after tooth extraction. Material and Methods: Cochrane, Scopus, and PubMed databases search was conducted to identify human clinical studies reporting the clinical, radiographic and/or histological outcomes of socket preservation techniques with autogenous extracted tooth Only studies published in English language in the last 10 years were included in the study. Results: In total, 82 articles were identified. Five articles were included in the review. They included 58 teeth that were prepared as a graft for socket preservation. The grafts derived from autogenous teeth were presented in three forms: particles, blocks and powder. The mean bone loss ranged from 0.28 mm to 0.41mm in height and 0.15 mm in width.Conclusion: Immediate autogenous extracted tooth as a grafting material for fresh socket preservation is promising for future daily clinical practice. More clinical comparative studies are needed.

scholarly journals In Vitro Degradation and Cytotoxicity of Eggshell-Based Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3223
Author(s):  
Rohmadi Rohmadi ◽  
Widyanita Harwijayanti ◽  
Ubaidillah Ubaidillah ◽  
Joko Triyono ◽  
Kuncoro Diharjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This review focuses on the in vitro degradation of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite for analyzing the weight loss of hydroxyapatite when applied in the human body. Cytotoxicity tests were used to observe cell growth and morphological effects. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to observe the weight loss and viable cells of hydroxyapatite when used for implants. Method: Based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) strategy, the articles used for literature review were published in English on SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar from 1 January 2012 to 22 May 2021. Data regarding existing experiments in the literature articles the in vitro degradation and cytotoxicity testing of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite determined the biocompatibility of the materials. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the mean difference between the solutions and soaking times used for degradation and the stem cells used for cytotoxicity. Results: From 231 relevant studies, 71 were chosen for full-text analysis, out of which 33 articles met the inclusion criteria for degradation and cytotoxicity analysis. A manual search of the field of study resulted in three additional articles. Thus, 36 articles were included in this systematic review. Significance: The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of the biocompatibility of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite. The weight loss and viability cells of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite showed optimum results for viable cells requirements above 70%, and there is a weight loss of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite for a material implant. The meta-analysis indicated significant differences in the weight loss of eggshell-based hydroxyapatite materials with different soaking times and solutions used. The various kinds of stem cells for incubation of cultured cells in contact with a device, either directly or through diffusions with various kinds of stem cells from animals and humans, yielded viability cells above 70%.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Tolerability of the Association of Sibutramine and Orlistat for Six Months in Overweight and Obese Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Halpern ◽  
Renata B. Pepe ◽  
Ana Paola Monegaglia ◽  
Mônica Beyruti ◽  
Maria Edna de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Private Clinic ◽  
Open Trial ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Objective. To assess the efficacy and tolerability of the association sibutramine (10–20 mg/day) and orlistat (120 mg 2-3 times a day) in the treatment of obesity in a six-month open trial.Methods. 446 overweight and obese patients who sought treatment for obesity in a private clinic were assessed every 2 weeks during a period of 3 and 6 months.Results. After 3 months, the mean weight loss was 10.5 kg (9.8% of the initial weight, ), and after 6 months, the mean weight loss was 13.9 kg (12.8% of the initial weight, ). The tolerability of such association was quite acceptable and coherent with the action mechanism of each component.Conclusions. The association of orlistat and sibutramine is quite efficient and it seems to promote a higher rate of weight loss than that reported in clinical studies performed with each drug separately.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Hyperlipidemia: A Systematic Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Al Khalifa ◽  
Ahmed Al Ansari ◽  
Abdul Rahim Alsayed ◽  
Claudio Violato
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Preoperative Body Mass Index ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background. Weight loss and reduction in comorbidities can be achieved by longitudinal sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Existing evidence suggests that LSG resolves or improves hyperlipidemia in morbidly obese patients. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effect of LSG on hyperlipidemia.Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted from English-language studies published from 2000 to 2012 for the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Clinical evidence, Scopus, Dara, Web of Sciences, TRIP, Health Technology Database, Cochrane library, and PsycINFO.Results. A total of 4,211 articles were identified in the initial search, and 4,185 articles were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review, involving 3,591 patients. The mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was48±7.0 kg/m2(range 37.2–65.3). The mean postoperative BMI was 35 ± 5.9 kg/m2(range 26.3–49). The mean percentage of excess weight loss (EWL) was 63.1% (range 37.7–84.5), with a mean followup of 19.1 months (range 6–60). The mean levels of pre and post operative cholesterol were 194.4 ± 12.3 mg/dL (range 178–213) and 181 ± 16.3 mg/dL (range 158–200), respectively.Conclusion. Most patients with hyperlipidemia showed improvement or resolution of lipid profiles after LSG. Based on this systematic review, LSG has a significant effect on hyperlipidemia in the form of resolution or improvement in the majority of patients.

scholarly journals Significant weight loss and hypernatremia in exclusively breast-fed neonates

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Daniel Jayaraj ◽  
Poornima Kumar ◽  
Peter Prasanth Kumar Kommu ◽  
Lalitha Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Weight loss in the early neonatal period is a problem that often goes unrecognized. Weight loss of upto 5-7% of birth weight is normal but losses more that 10% may result in increased morbidity, especially hypernatremia. Methods: Prospective cohort study of 900, exclusive breastfed inborn babies, >34 weeks gestation and >1800g born in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Babies who were discharged before 96 hours of life, admitted to intensive care and received phototherapy for >24hrs were excluded. Maternal and neonatal variables were collected, and daily weight loss percent was calculated. Data was entered in EPI-INFO and analysed. Independent sample t test was used to compare the means of two independent normally distributed sample groups, ANOVA was used to compare means of more than 2 variables, linear logistic regression was used to find out the relationship between significant weight loss and hypernatremia Results: The mean birth weight of the cohort was 2937±438.4 g and the gestational age was 38±5weeks. The mean maximum weight loss for the entire cohort was 178.71g (±82.08 g) and the mean percent weight loss was 6.12% (2.69). The mean weight nadir of the entire cohort was 2758.32±425.67g. Mean serum sodium levels for all babies who lost >10% of their birth weight was 145.95 (±2.34) mmol/LConclusions: Early neonatal weight loss is a universal phenomenon though often unrecognized. Babies losing more than 10% of birth weight are at risk of morbidities like hypernatremia.

Effect of fluid supplementation with phototherapy in reducing the serum bilirubin levels in severe hyperbilirubinemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3279-3283
Author(s):  
Anand Patil ◽  
Pawar J M ◽  
Kshirsagar V Y
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Percentage Weight Loss ◽  
Fluid Supplementation ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Severe Hyperbilirubinemia

Hyperbilirubinemia otherwise called ”jaundice” is yellowish-green pigmentation of the sclera and skin brought about by an expansion in bilirubin creation or an imperfection in bilirubin elimination. Prospective randomized comparative correlational study carried out on babies admitted to NICU in Krishna Hospital. All healthy term babies (= 37 weeks) with non haemolytic hyperbilirubinemia with absolute serum bilirubin =20 mg/dl - = 25 mg/dl from second day of life to fourteenth day of life. Out of 811 babies admitted in NICU during the study period, 52 babies were admitted for severe hyperbilirubinemia in NICU. Thus, the incidence rate was 6.4%.out of these 28 (53.84%) were male and 24 (46.15%) were female. The frequency of extreme hyperbilirubinemia was more in inborn babies (78.88%) than out born babies (21.15%). The frequency of extreme hyperbilirubinemia with respect to birth weight were, Weights between 2000 gms-3000gms were 40 (76.9%) and weight above 3000 gms were 12 (23.07%). The percentage weight loss from the time of birth till admission between enhanced and non enhanced gatherings was comparable. In the study, 28 (53.84%) were delivered per vaginally, 24 (46.15%) were born by LSCS. Most neonates in our study, 31 (59.61%) cases presented with in 2-5 days, 20 cases presented between 6-10 days and only one case between 11-14 days. The mean gestational age of presentation in both groups was not significant. By unpaired T test both supplemental and non supplemental groups are comparable i.e., the levels of bilirubin, rate of reduction of bilirubin between 2 groups is not significant. By ANOVA test i.e., the levels of bilirubin, rate of reduction of bilirubin in both the groups is highly significant. The complete length of phototherapy required between2 groups is not significant. This information show that organization of extra intravenous liquid in embittered sound, term, breastfed neonates have no useful impact on the pace of serum bilirubin decrease during phototherapy.

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