scholarly journals A Prospective Study of Relations Among Infant, Maternal, and Paternal Adiposity Indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1028-1028
Author(s):  
Leah Lipsky ◽  
Myles Faith ◽  
Tonja Nansel
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Postpartum Weight ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Abstract Objectives This study examines relations of infant birth size and growth with maternal early pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG), postpartum weight change and paternal body size. Methods Infant birth size (small for gestational age- SGA, <10th percentile and large for gestational age- LGA, >90th percentile) and weight-for-length z-scores (WFLz) were calculated from anthropometrics obtained at birth (n = 331), 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months of age. Maternal early pregnancy BMI, GWG, % of GWG lost (%GWGL), and return to early pregnancy weight (EPW) were derived from height and weight measured from early pregnancy (mean ± SD = 9.9 ± 1.7 weeks gestation) through 12 months postpartum. Mothers reported father's baseline body size via Stunkard figure ratings. Logistic regressions and linear mixed models estimated relations of SGA, LGA and WFLz with parent weight indicators. Multiplicative interaction terms tested interactions of maternal BMI with pregnancy and postpartum weight change, and of paternal with maternal weight indicators. Analyses controlled for maternal height, demographics, child sex, gestational age at delivery, and delivery mode. Results LGA was positively associated with maternal BMI (OR = 1.10, 95%CI:1.05–1.16, P < 0.001) but not GWG. SGA was associated with lower odds of excessive GWG (OR = 0.24, 95%CI:0.07–0.79, P = 0.02) but was not associated with maternal BMI. Paternal body size was not associated with LGA or SGA. WFLz was positively associated with maternal BMI (β ± SE = 0.03 ± 0.09 P = 0.001), but not GWG, %GWGL, EPW, or paternal body size. However, WFLz was positively associated with GWG in mothers with low (<25) but not high (≥25) early pregnancy BMI (β ± SE interaction term = −0.004 ± 0.002, P = 0.04). Paternal body size did not modify associations of maternal with infant weight indicators. Conclusions Maternal BMI was consistently associated with birth size and infant adiposity development, and associations were not modified by paternal body size. Whether pre-pregnancy interventions are more effective than pregnancy interventions for reducing offspring overweight in women with high BMI is an important area of future investigation. Funding Sources This research was supported by the NICHD Intramural Research Program.

scholarly journals Snus in pregnancy and infant birth size: a mother–child birth cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 00255-2019
Author(s):  
Ina Kreyberg ◽  
Katarina Hilde ◽  
Karen Eline S. Bains ◽  
Kai-Håkon Carlsen ◽  
Berit Granum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Child Birth ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Infant Birth

RationaleWhile recent studies show that maternal use of snus during pregnancy is increasing, the potential effects on infant birth size is less investigated, with conflicting results.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine if maternal use of snus during pregnancy influences the infant anthropometric and proportional size measures at birth.MethodsIn 2313 mother–child pairs from the population-based, mother–child birth cohort PreventADALL (Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies) in Norway and Sweden, we assessed nicotine exposure by electronic questionnaire(s) at 18 and 34 weeks of pregnancy, and anthropometric measurements at birth. Associations between snus exposure and birth size outcomes were analysed by general linear regression.ResultsBirthweight was not significantly different in infants exposed to snus in general, and up to 18 weeks of pregnancy in particular, when adjusting for relevant confounders including maternal age, gestational age at birth, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, fetal sex and maternal gestational weight gain up to 18 weeks. We found no significant effect of snus use on the other anthropometric or proportional size measures in multivariable linear regression models. Most women stopped snus use in early pregnancy.ConclusionExposure to snus use in early pregnancy, with most women stopping when knowing about their pregnancy, was not associated with birth size. We were unable to conclude on effects of continued snus use during pregnancy because of lack of exposure in our cohort.

scholarly journals A Prospective Study of the Relationship of Infant Adiposity with Maternal Prenatal and Postnatal Diet Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1029-1029
Author(s):  
Leah Lipsky ◽  
Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽  
Myles Faith ◽  
Tonja Nansel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Infant Birth

Abstract Objectives This study examines relationships of maternal prenatal and postnatal diet quality with infant birth size and growth, which are known risk factors for child obesity. Methods Women completed six 24-hour diet recalls (1 per pregnancy trimester and at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postpartum); infant anthropometrics were obtained at birth (n = 331 mother-child dyads), 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months of age. Prenatal and postnatal Healthy Eating Index 2015 total (HEI), adequacy (HEI-adq) and moderation (HEI-mod) scores were calculated by combining recalls across pregnancy and across postpartum. Linear mixed models estimated associations of infant weight-for-length z-scores (WFLz) with prenatal and postnatal diet quality. Logistic regressions estimated odds of small-for-gestational age (SGA, <10th percentile) and large-for-gestational age (LGA, >90th percentile) associated with maternal prenatal diet quality. Covariates included maternal height, demographics, delivery mode, child sex, and gestational age at delivery. Sensitivity analyses examined whether associations were robust to inclusion of maternal total energy intake or early pregnancy BMI. Results WFLz was inversely associated with prenatal HEI (β±SE = −0.02 ± 0.005, P = 0.004) and HEI-mod (β ± SE = −0.04 ± 0.01, P < 0.001), and with postnatal HEI (β ± SE = −0.01 ± 0.005, P = 0.01) and HEI-adq (β ± SE = −0.02 ± 0.007, P = 0.005). SGA and LGA occurred for 92 (7%) and 172 (12%) babies, respectively. LGA was inversely associated with prenatal HEI (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90–0.98), HEI-mod (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.83) and HEI-adq (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90–1.01). SGA was not associated with prenatal diet quality. Associations were not changed when adjusted for energy intake but were modestly attenuated when adjusted for BMI. Conclusions Higher maternal prenatal and postnatal diet quality were associated with more favorable indicators of infant adiposity from birth through 12 months of age. Interventions are needed to determine whether targeting both prenatal and postnatal diet may lead to improved infant adiposity development. Funding Sources This research was supported by the NICHD Intramural Research Program.

scholarly journals An investigation into the correlation between pre-pregnancy body mass index and birth outcomes of newborn in Jersey

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Sliwka ◽  
Katarzyna Przybylowicz ◽  
Neil MacLachlan ◽  
Jakub Morze ◽  
Anna Danielewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Outcomes ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
Maternal Bmi ◽  
Delivery Type

AbstractThe role of nutritional status of pregnant women and birth outcomes is ambiguous. Recent studies show that pre-pregnancy body weight is equally important as weight gain during pregnancy. Body mass index (BMI) is the most accessible and easy to check a nutritional status index, which may help to control the gestation and predict infant health outcome. This study aimed to examine the associations between pre-pregnancy body mass index and the infant birth parameters. A presented observational study was offered to 200 pregnant women from Antenatal Clinic at Jersey General Hospital in 2017. Total number of 83 women agreed to take part in this project. Diet, lifestyle, socio-economic, and demographic data were obtained from participants. Delivery and birth data were taken from hospital records. Offspring feeding data and selected anthropometric measurements for mothers and their newborns were also collected. Differences between BMI for delivery type and way of feeding were verified with chi-square test. Differences and correlation between maternal BMI and newborn outcomes were verified with Kruskal-Wallis’ test and Spearman's rank test. Mean BMI of mothers included to the study was 22.8 ± 4.4 with mean weight 61.9 ± 11.6. Before pregnancy BMI was normal in 67% women and about 23% was overweight or obese. We do not observed differences between delivery type and way of feeding during first 48 hours, and women in BMI categories. Also no differences and correlation were observed for the Apgar score, gestational age of birth, and newborn's weight and length at birth. However, newborn weight correlated with newborn length (r = 0.433) and gestational age (r = 0.568) at birth. Concluding, the maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was not correlated with type of delivery, way of feeding and newborn outcomes. Previous studies show that high pre-pregnancy maternal BMI may be associated with adverse offspring outcomes at birth and later life. Future extended research is needed to explain these relations, with inclusion of the specific factors as maternal diet, lifestyle and ethnicity.

scholarly journals Association of maternal central adiposity measured by ultrasound in early mid pregnancy with infant birth size

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emelie Lindberger ◽  
Anna-Karin Wikström ◽  
Eva Bergman ◽  
Karin Eurenius ◽  
Ajlana Mulic-Lutvica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Infant Birth

AbstractWe sought to investigate whether early mid pregnancy visceral and subcutaneous fat depths measured by ultrasound were associated with infant birth size, independent of early pregnancy BMI. A cohort study was performed at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, between 2015–2018. Visceral and subcutaneous fat depths were measured at the early second-trimester anomaly scan in 2498 women, giving birth to singleton, term infants. Primary outcomes were birthweight and LGA (birthweight standard deviation score > 90th percentile in the cohort). Linear and logistic regression models were used, adjusted for BMI, age, smoking, parity, maternal country of birth, gestational age and infant sex. A 5-mm increase in visceral fat depth was associated with an increase in birthweight of 8.3 g [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.5 − 14.1 g], after adjustments, and a 6% increase in the adjusted odds of having an infant born LGA (OR 1.06, CI 1.02–1.11). There was no association between subcutaneous fat depth and birthweight or LGA after covariate adjustments. Hence, visceral fat depth measured by ultrasound in early mid pregnancy was associated with excessive fetal growth, independent of early pregnancy BMI, and may be useful in models for predicting LGA infants.

scholarly journals Identifying Mediators Underlying the Intergenerational Cycle of Obesity: A Causal Mediation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1655-1655
Author(s):  
Tiange Liu ◽  
Noel Mueller ◽  
Sara Benjamin-Neelon
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Causal Mediation ◽  
Causal Mediation Analysis ◽  
Intergenerational Cycle ◽  
Infant Birth

Abstract Objectives To understand the mechanisms of the intergenerational cycle of obesity between women and offspring. Methods We recruited pregnant women into the Nurture study (North Carolina, US) and prospectively followed up their offspring until 1 year of age from 2013–2017. The exposure of this analysis was self-reported maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) calculated using weight and height. The outcome was researcher-measured infant weight-for-length z-score (WFLZ) at 1 year, calculated based on the WHO Child Growth Standards. We conducted a causal mediation analysis to estimate the average mediation effect of each mediator, including gestational weight gain (GWG), delivery mode, infant birth weight-for-gestational age z-score, and duration of breastfeeding. We adjusted for maternal age, race, parity, smoking status prior to pregnancy, education, household income, food security, and gestational age (when not examining birth weight-for-gestational age z-score). Results We included 380 dyads. Among mothers, there were 65.5% black, 22.6% white, and 11.8% other/multiple race. Prior to pregnancy, 19.5% were overweight and 45.3% were obese. A 10 kg/m2 increment of pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with 0.16 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.27) higher infant WFLZ at 1 year. When examining mediators individually, birth weight-for-gestational age z-score had a statistically significant mediation effect (0.05, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08), corresponding to 30.2% (95% CI: 20.0%, 62.9%) of the total effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on infant WFLZ. The average mediation effect by GWG was −0.04 (95% CI: −0.08, 0.00), by cesarean delivery was 0.01 (95% CI: −0.01, 0.04), and by breastfeeding duration was 0.02 (95% CI: −0.01, 0.06). Treating mediators as potential confounders for one another did not alter the results. Conclusions Infant birth weight-for-gestational age z-score mediated, in part (∼30%), the relation between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and infant WFLZ at 1 year. In contrast, GWG, delivery mode, and breastfeeding were not mediators in our sample. This highlights the importance of primordial prevention of maternal obesity, ideally prior to conception, to mitigate the intergeneration cycle of obesity. Research exploring the potential mediating role of factors such as the gut microbiome is needed. Funding Sources The National Institutes of Health.

Antepartum Bed Rest: Maternal Weight Change and Infant Birth Weight

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Maloni ◽  
Greg R. Alexander ◽  
Mark D. Schluchter ◽  
Dinesh M. Shah ◽  
Seunghee Park
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Pregnancy Weight ◽  
Infant Birth

Despite lack of evidence for effectiveness, obstetricians in the United States prescribe antepartum bed rest for more than 700,000 women per year. However, in nonpregnant samples, bed rest treatment produces weight loss. This study assessed maternal weight change (gain) during antepartum hospitalization for bed rest treatment; compared appropriateness of infant birth weights for gestational age, race, and gender; and determined whether maternal weight change predicted infant birth weight. The convenience sample for this longitudinal study consisted of 141 women with high-risk pregnancies who were treated with hospital bed rest. Weekly rate of pregnancy weight change by body mass index was compared with Institute of Medicine recommendations for rate of pregnancy weight gain. Infant birth weight was compared with current US infant birth weights for matching gestational age, gender, and race. Weekly antepartum weight change was significantly lower than Institute of Medicine recommendations (P < 0.001). Infant birth weights were also significantly lower than the national mean when matched for each infant’s gestational age, race, and gender ( P < 0.001). Maternal weight change predicted infant birth weight ( P = 0.05). Bed rest treatment is ineffective for improving pregnancy weight gain. Lower infant birth weights across all gestational ages suggest that maternal weight loss during bed rest may be associated with an increased risk of fetal growth restriction. A randomized trial comparing women with high-risk pregnancies who are ambulatory with those on bed rest is needed to determine whether bed rest treatment, underlying maternal-fetal disease, or both influence inadequate maternal weight gain and poor intrauterine growth.

Does the pattern of postpartum weight change differ according to pregravid body size?

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
EP Gunderson ◽  
B Abrams ◽  
S Selvin
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Postpartum Weight

scholarly journals Maternal body mass index in early pregnancy and severe asphyxia-related complications in preterm infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1647-1660
Author(s):  
Ayoub Mitha ◽  
Ruoqing Chen ◽  
Stefan Johansson ◽  
Neda Razaz ◽  
Sven Cnattingius
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Neonatal Seizures ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Abstract Background Little is known about the associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) and asphyxia-related morbidity in preterm infants (&lt;37 weeks). We aimed to investigate associations between maternal BMI in early pregnancy and severe asphyxia-related neonatal complications in preterm infants (&lt;37 weeks) and to examine whether possible associations were mediated by overweight- or obesity-related complications. Methods In this Swedish population-based cohort of 62 499 singleton non-malformed preterm infants born from 1997 to 2011, risks of low Apgar scores (0–3) at 5 and 10 minutes, neonatal seizures and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) were estimated through two analytical approaches. In the conventional approach, the denominator for risk was all live births at a given gestational age. In the fetuses-at-risk (FAR) approach, the denominator for risk was ongoing pregnancies at a given gestational age. Results Using the conventional approach, adjusted risk ratios per 10-unit BMI increase were 1.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.54] and 1.37 (95% CI 1.12–1.67) for low Apgar scores at 5 and 10 minutes, respectively; 1.28 (95% CI 1.00–1.65) for neonatal seizures; and 1.18 (95% CI 1.01–1.37) for IVH. Using the FAR approach, corresponding risks were higher. These associations varied by gestational age (&lt;32 and 32–36 weeks). Associations between maternal BMI and asphyxia-related outcomes were partly mediated through lower gestational age. Conclusions Increasing maternal BMI in early pregnancy is associated with increased risks of severe asphyxia-related complications in preterm infants. Our findings add to the evidence to support interventions to reduce obesity in woman of reproductive age.

Establishment of Early Pregnancy Related Thyroid Hormone Models and Reference Intervals for Pregnant Women in China Based on Real World Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (04) ◽  
pp. 272-279
Author(s):  
Chaochao Ma ◽  
Xiaoqi Li ◽  
Lixin Liu ◽  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Fang Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

AbstractThyroid hormone reference intervals are crucial for diagnosing and monitoring thyroid dysfunction during early pregnancy, and the dynamic change trend of thyroid hormones during pregnancy can assist clinicians to assess the thyroid function of pregnant women. This study aims to establish early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models and reference intervals for pregnant women. We established two derived databases: derived database* and derived database#. Reference individuals in database* were used to establish gestational age-specific reference intervals for thyroid hormones and early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models for pregnant women. Individuals in database# were apparently healthy non-pregnant women. The thyroid hormones levels of individuals in database# were compared with that of individuals in database* using nonparametric methods and the comparative confidence interval method. The differences in thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine between early pregnant and non-pregnant women were statistically significant (p<0.0001). The reference intervals of thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine for early pregnant women were 0.052–3.393 μIU/ml, 1.01–1.54 ng/dl, and 2.51–3.66 pg/ml, respectively. Results concerning thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine reference intervals of early pregnancy are comparable with those from other studies using the same detection platform. Early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models showed various change patterns with gestational age for thyroid hormones. Early pregnancy related thyroid hormones models and reference intervals for pregnant women were established, so as to provide accurate and reliable reference basis for the diagnosing and monitoring of maternal thyroid disfunction in early pregnancy.

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