scholarly journals Associations between Child and Parent Knowledge of Added Sugar Recommendations and Added Sugar Intake in Multiethnic Elementary-Aged Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M Jústiz ◽  
Matthew J Landry ◽  
Fiona M Asigbee ◽  
Reem Ghaddar ◽  
Matthew R Jeans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Parent Knowledge ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Elementary Aged Children ◽  
Sugar Recommendations

ABSTRACT Background A key goal of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020 is to reduce added sugar intake by increasing public knowledge about added sugars. However, research has not shown if knowledge of added sugar recommendations is associated with intake. Objectives To determine the relation between parent and child knowledge of added sugar recommendations with added sugar intake in primarily low-income and Hispanic third- to fifth-grade students. Methods Analysis examined baseline, cross-sectional data from TX Sprouts, a 1-y cooking, gardening, and nutrition clustered randomized controlled trial. Participants were 685 parent-child dyads from 16 elementary schools in the greater Austin area. Parents and children completed a survey to assess knowledge of added sugar recommendations. Children completed two 24-h dietary recalls to assess average intake of added sugars. Mixed effects linear regression models were used to estimate associations between child and parent knowledge of added sugar recommendations and average total added sugar intake. Results Children who correctly identified the added sugar recommendation consumed lower amounts of added sugar compared with children who did not correctly identify the recommendation (34.8 ± 2.7 compared with 41.0 ± 2.5 g; P = 0.003), after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Parent knowledge of added sugar recommendations was not associated with child intake. Conclusions Child knowledge of added sugar recommendations was associated with lower intake of added sugars. Findings suggest that child nutrition education should focus on increasing knowledge of national recommendations. Future research should investigate a causal relation between added sugar knowledge and intake in elementary-aged children.

scholarly journals Child and Parent Knowledge of Added Sugar Recommendations Is Associated with Decreased Added Sugar Intake in Multiethnic Elementary Aged Children (P16-021-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Landry ◽  
Amanda Justiz ◽  
Fiona Asigbee ◽  
Sarvenaz Vandyousefi ◽  
Reem Ghaddar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Parent Knowledge ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sugar Recommendations

Abstract Objectives Due to the adverse health effects of added sugar consumption, the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) have encouraged reduced intake of added sugars. While education is a key component of the DGA, no research has studied whether knowledge of the recommendations for added sugar is associated with decreased intake. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of parent and child knowledge of added sugar recommendations on added sugar intake in a sample of multiethnic 3rd to 5th grade students. Methods This study examined cross-sectional data from TX Sprouts, a 1-year cooking, gardening, and nutrition clustered randomized control trial. A sample of 685 children and one of their parents completed questionnaires to assess knowledge of added sugar recommendations. Two 24-hour dietary recalls were used to assess average child energy and added sugar intake. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between child and parent knowledge and a child's added sugar intake while controlling for child age, ethnicity, gender, and energy intake and parent ethnicity and gender. Results Only 38% of children were able to identify the correct recommendation for added sugar intake, compared to 46% of parents. Parent knowledge of the added sugar recommendation was associated with a lower intake of added sugar (40.1 vs 35.6 grams, P < 0.01). Child knowledge of the added sugar recommendation was associated with a lower intake of added sugar (39.9 vs 35.9 grams, P < 0.02). Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that knowledge of added sugar guidelines is associated with lower intake of added sugar. Nutrition education for children and their parents should focus on increasing knowledge of national guidelines and recommendations to improve dietary intake and overall health. Funding Sources This research was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health – National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

scholarly journals Objective Biomarkers for Total Added Sugar Intake – Are We on a Wild Goose Chase?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1436
Author(s):  
Jimmy Chun Yu Louie
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Assessment Methods ◽  
Nutritional Sciences ◽  
Wild Goose

ABSTRACT Misreporting of added sugar intake has been the major criticism of studies linking high added sugar consumption to adverse health outcomes. Despite the advancement in dietary assessment methodologies, the bias introduced by self-reporting can never be completely eliminated. The search for an objective biomarker for total added sugar intake has therefore been a topic of interest. In this article, the reasons this search may be a wild goose chase will be outlined and discussed. The limitations and inability of the 2 candidate biomarkers, namely urinary sucrose and fructose and δ¹³C isotope, which are based on the 2 only possible ways (i.e., difference in metabolism and plant sources) to identify added sugar based on current knowledge in human physiology and food and nutritional sciences, are discussed in detail. Validation studies have shown that these 2 candidate biomarkers are unlikely to be suitable for use as a predictive or calibration biomarker for total added sugar intake. Unless advancement in our understanding in human physiology and food and nutritional sciences leads to new potential ways to distinguish between naturally occurring and added sugars, it is extremely unlikely that any accurate objective added sugar biomarker could be found. It may be time to stop the futile effort in searching for such a biomarker, and resources may be better spent on further improving and innovating dietary assessment methods to minimize the bias introduced by self-reporting.

Added Sugar Intake and Risk of Falling Among Older People: The Seniors-ENRICA Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ballesteros JM ◽  
◽  
Struijk E ◽  
Machado-Fragua MD ◽  
Ortolá R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Injurious Falls ◽  
Prospective Association

Background: Added sugar intake is a key contributor to the development of several chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between added sugar intake and the risk of falling among older men and women. Methods: We analyzed data from 2,154 Spanish adults aged ≥65 years from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. Baseline food consumption was collected in 2008-2010 with a validated diet history, in which 155 foods were identified to contain added sugar. The occurrence of falls was ascertained up to 2015. Analyses were conducted with Cox models adjusted for potential confounders, including nutritional status, chronic diseases and sleeping medication. Results: Over 7.2y of follow-up, 605 participants experienced ≥1 fall and 527 suffered injurious falls. The hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for ≥1 fall across quintiles of added sugar intake were: 1.0, 1.09 (0.83-1.42), 1.07 (0.82-1.40), 1.15 (0.88-1.52), and 1.48 (1.12-1.96); p-trend 0.03. The corresponding figures for injurious falls were: 1.0, 1.17 (0.88-1.56), 1.06 (0.79- 1.41), 1.13 (0.84-1.52), and 1.40 (1.03-1.90); p-trend 0.10. These associations did not vary over strata of age, protein, calcium or vitamin intake, diet quality, physical activity or alcohol consumption. No differences were found when solid and liquid sources of added sugars were examined separately. Conclusions: Intake of added sugars was associated with a higher risk of falling in older people. This adds to the evidence to support interventions to reduce added sugar intake.

scholarly journals Added sugars: consumption and associated factors among adults and the elderly. São Paulo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Baptista Bueno ◽  
Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni ◽  
Chester Luis Galvão César ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg
Keyword(s):  
Soft Drink ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Factors Associated

OBJECTIVE: To investigate added sugar intake, main dietary sources and factors associated with excessive intake of added sugar. METHODS: A population-based household survey was carried out in São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil. Cluster sampling was performed and the study sample comprised 689 adults and 622 elderly individuals. Dietary intake was estimated based on a 24-hour food recall. Usual nutrient intake was estimated by correcting for the within-person variance of intake using the Iowa State University (ISU) method. Linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with added sugar intake. RESULTS: Average of energy intake (EI) from added sugars was 9.1% (95% CI: 8.9%; 9.4%) among adults and 8.4% (95% CI: 8.2%; 8.7%) among the elderly (p < 0.05). Average added sugar intake (% EI) was higher among women than among men (p < 0.05). Soft drink was the main source of added sugar among adults, while table sugar was the main source of added sugar among the elderly. Added sugar intake increased with age among adults. Moreover, higher socioeconomic level was associated with added sugar intake in the same group. CONCLUSIONS: Added sugar intake is higher among younger adults of higher socioeconomic level. Soft drink and table sugar accounted for more than 50% of the sugar consumed.

scholarly journals Consumption of added sugars and development of metabolic syndrome components among a sample of youth at risk of obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
JiaWei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake

Previous evidence showed controversial links between added sugar intake, diet quality, and increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components (abdominal adiposity, dysglycemia, elevated blood pressure, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and hypertriglyceridemia) in youth, and most studied only its liquid source of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). To better understand the extent of the detrimental effects of added sugars from both liquid and solid sources to diets in terms of nutrient and food intake and metabolic consequences in children, 3 studies were undertaken to (i) quantify the associations of added sugar intake with overall diet quality and adiposity indicators; (ii) assess whether excess weight and glucose tolerance status modifies the associations between consumption of added sugars and MetS components; and (iii) evaluate whether consumption of added sugars predicts the development of MetS components over time. Data for these studies were obtained from the Quebec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth cohort. Caucasian children (8 to 10 years at baseline, N = 630) with at least 1 obese biological parent were recruited from 1040 Quebec primary schools and followed-up 2 years later (N = 564). Dietary intake, including added sugars (liquid vs. solid) and Canadian Healthy Eating Index (HEI-C) was assessed in three 24-h recalls at baseline. Adiposity indicators included measured height and weight for body mass index (BMI), BMI z score, waist circumference (WC), and fat mass (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Plasma glucose and insulin were measured at fasting and by oral glucose tolerance tests to calculate the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the Matsuda IS index (Matsuda-ISI). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), concentration of triglycerides and HDL-C were measured by standard instruments. Multivariate linear regression models were used, adjusting for age, sex, pubertal status (by Tanner stage), energy intake, fat mass, and physical activity (by 7-day accelerometer). The main findings include the following: (i) Higher consumption of added sugars from SSB or solid sources was associated with lower nutrient density and lower HEI-C. Positive associations with adiposity indicators were observed with consumption of added sugars from liquid sources only. (ii) Higher SSB consumption was associated with higher HOMA-IR and higher SBP among overweight children (≥85th BMI percentile), as well as higher SBP and higher WC among children with impaired glucose tolerance. These associations with metabolic indicators were not observed among children whose BMI was below 85th percentile. (iii) No association with added sugar intake was observed for 2-year changes in adiposity, but higher consumption of added sugars from liquid sources was associated with higher fasting glucose, higher fasting insulin, higher HOMA-IR, and lower Matsuda-ISI. In conclusion, this thesis suggested that consumption of added sugars from both solid and liquid sources was associated with a lower overall diet quality, but only added sugars from liquid sources was associated with adiposity indicators. Cross-sectional links with higher levels of SSB intake and MetS components were more evident among overweight/obese and glucose-intolerant children. Consumption of added sugars from liquid sources was not associated with changes in adiposity over 2 years, but was clearly associated with development of impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. This thesis presents further evidence on the nutritional and metabolic consequences of consuming added sugar from liquid and solid sources.

scholarly journals Total and added sugar intakes, sugar types, and cancer risk: results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1267-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Debras ◽  
Eloi Chazelas ◽  
Bernard Srour ◽  
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot ◽  
Chantal Julia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Sugary Drinks

ABSTRACT Background Excessive sugar intake is now recognized as a key risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, evidence on the sugar–cancer link is less consistent. Experimental data suggest that sugars could play a role in cancer etiology through obesity but also through inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms and insulin resistance, even in the absence of weight gain. Objective The objective was to study the associations between total and added sugar intake and cancer risk (overall, breast, and prostate), taking into account sugar types and sources. Methods In total, 101,279 participants aged &gt;18 y (median age, 40.8 y) from the French NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort study (2009–2019) were included (median follow-up time, 5.9 y). Sugar intake was assessed using repeated and validated 24-h dietary records, designed to register participants’ usual consumption for &gt;3500 food and beverage items. Associations between sugar intake and cancer risk were assessed by Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for known risk factors (sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, medical history, and nutritional factors). Results Total sugar intake was associated with higher overall cancer risk (n = 2503 cases; HR for quartile 4 compared with quartile 1: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.37; Ptrend = 0.02). Breast cancer risks were increased (n = 783 cases; HRQ4vs.Q1 = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.00; Ptrend = 0.0007). Results remained significant when weight gain during follow-up was adjusted for. In addition, significant associations with cancer risk were also observed for added sugars, free sugars, sucrose, sugars from milk-based desserts, dairy products, and sugary drinks (Ptrend ≤ 0.01). Conclusions These results suggest that sugars may represent a modifiable risk factor for cancer prevention (breast in particular), contributing to the current debate on the implementation of sugar taxation, marketing regulation, and other sugar-related policies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644.

scholarly journals Dietary Sugar Intake and Its Association with Obesity in Children and Adolescents

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Emmanuella Magriplis ◽  
George Michas ◽  
Evgenia Petridi ◽  
George P. Chrousos ◽  
Eleftheria Roma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

Sugar intake has been associated with increased prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity; however, results remain controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the probability of overweight/obesity with higher sugar intakes, accounting for other dietary intakes. Data from 1165 children and adolescents aged ≥2–18 years (66.8% males) enrolled in the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS) were used; specifically, 781 children aged 2–11 years and 384 adolescents 12–18 years. Total and added sugar intake were assessed using two 24 h recalls (24 hR). Foods were categorized into specific food groups to evaluate the main foods contributing to intakes. A significant proportion of children (18.7%) and adolescents (24.5%) exceeded the recommended cut-off of 10% of total energy intake from added sugars. Sweets (29.8%) and processed/refined grains and cereals (19.1%) were the main sources of added sugars in both age groups, while in adolescents, the third main contributor was sugar-sweetened beverages (20.6%). Being overweight or obese was 2.57 (p = 0.002) and 1.77 (p = 0.047) times more likely for intakes ≥10% of total energy from added sugars compared to less <10%, when accounting for food groups and macronutrient intakes, respectively. The predicted probability of becoming obese was also significant with higher total and added-sugar consumption. We conclude that high consumption of added sugars increased the probability for overweight/obesity among youth, irrespectively of other dietary or macronutrient intakes.

scholarly journals Food sources of sodium, saturated fat, and added sugar in the Physical Activity and Nutrition for Diabetes in Alberta (PANDA) trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1270-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada Asaad ◽  
Catherine B. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Sugar Intake

Diabetic patients may find it difficult to achieve recommended nutrient intakes embedded within dietary guidelines. The objective of this analysis was to document total sodium, saturated fat, and added sugar intake as well as the main food sources of these nutrients in Canadian adults with type 2 diabetes before and after an intervention focused on healthy eating. Participants were enrolled in a single-arm dietary intervention trial designed to improve glycemic control and adherence to dietary recommendations. A 4-week menu plan and recipes were provided for participants along with a 6-week educational curriculum. Three repeated 24-h dietary recalls were collected at baseline and 3 months. Food sources of sodium, saturated fat, and added sugar were a secondary outcome derived from the dietary recalls. After 3 months, there was a reduction (p < 0.05) in sodium intake of 561 mg/day, which was mainly due to reduced consumption of processed meats, soups, and condiments. Significantly lower intake of processed meat contributed to –2.9 g/day saturated fat intake (p < 0.1) while added sugar intake declined by 7 g/day (p < 0.1), which was due to lower consumption of baked goods/desserts and chocolate (both p < 0.05). The intervention was beneficial for type 2 diabetes patients in terms of changing dietary habits. However, the majority of the participants still exceeded the dietary guidelines for sodium and saturated fat. In addition to the efforts of individuals and their healthcare providers, strategies to increase the nutritional quality of prepared foods could provide widespread benefits.

scholarly journals How Successful Are U.S. Adults at Altering Nutrient Intakes and Meeting Dietary Guideline Recommendations?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1428-1428
Author(s):  
Alexandria Kluger ◽  
Harris Lieberman ◽  
Stefan Pasiakos ◽  
Victor Fulgoni ◽  
Claire Berryman
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Special Diet ◽  
Low Salt

Abstract Objectives The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) recommend dietary patterns that limit added sugar, sodium, and saturated fat and emphasize nutrient-dense foods. It is unknown whether individuals who self-report adhering to a diet that alters nutrient intake are, in fact, meeting DGA recommendations. Objective: To compare dietary intakes and adherence to the DGAs in individuals who self-report following a special diet versus those who report following no diet. Methods NHANES 2003–2014 (≥19 y, n = 30,086) data were analyzed to determine % of the population answering yes or no to “Are you on any type of special diet?”. Individuals who answered yes, were further asked, “What kind of diet are you on?” and chose from a list of special diets (e.g., low salt or sodium; sugar free or low sugar). Mean nutrient intakes for each diet population were compared to the population following no diet. Individual usual intakes were estimated to determine the % of the population above or below nutrient-specific DGA recommendations. P &lt; 0.01 was considered significant. Results In U.S. adults, 15.6 ± 0.3% answered yes when asked if they adhere to a special diet. Individuals who reported following a low sugar diet (n = 208) consumed 8.8 ± 0.7% total daily energy from added sugars, which was less than those following no diet (13.8 ± 0.1%; P &lt; 0.01). Of individuals following a low sugar diet, 67 ± 4% met the recommendation to consume &lt;10% energy from added sugar, which was a greater percentage than those following no diet (32 ± 1%; P &lt; 0.01). Individuals who reported following a low salt/sodium diet (n = 580) consumed 3317 ± 110 mg/d sodium, which was less than those following no diet (3657 ± 17 mg/d; P &lt; 0.01). Only 17 ± 2% of individuals following a low salt/sodium diet met recommendations to consume &lt;2300 mg/d sodium, which was a greater percentage than those following no diet (10 ± 0%; P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions American adults who self-report adhering to a low sugar or low salt/sodium diet consume less added sugar and sodium, respectively, than individuals who report following no diet. However, a substantial proportion of individuals following low sugar or low salt/sodium diets are still not meeting DGA recommendations. Funding Sources DMRP/USAMRDC. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect official policy of the Army, DoD, or US Government.

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