scholarly journals Nicotianamine-Chelated Iron Positively Affects Iron Status, Intestinal Morphology and Microbial Populations In Vivo (Gallus Gallus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 574-574
Author(s):  
Jesse Beasley ◽  
Alex Johnson ◽  
Elad Tako
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Iron (Fe) fortification involves low dose delivery of bioavailable Fe fortificants to food products during manufacture (or point-of-use) and is an effective population-based strategy to combat human Fe deficiencies that affect over 2 billion people globally. Iron fortification of wheat flour is now mandatory in 75 countries worldwide, however, the tendency of Fe fortificants to oxidize and cause undesired organoleptic and sensory properties pose significant challenges. Nicotianamine (NA) is a natural chelator of Fe and zinc (Zn) in higher plants and NA-chelated Fe is highly bioavailable in vitro. In graminaceous plants NA serves as the biosynthetic precursor to 2′ -deoxymugineic acid (DMA), a related Fe chelator and enhancer of Fe bioavailability, and increased NA/DMA biosynthesis has proved an effective Fe biofortification strategy in several cereal crops. In this study we aimed to investigate the impact of NA-chelated Fe on Fe status and gastrointestinal health in vivo. Methods We utilized the versatile chicken (Gallus gallus) model to assess NA-chelated Fe when delivered to chickens through intraamniotic administration (short-term exposure) or over a period of six weeks as part of a biofortified wheat diet containing increased NA, Fe, Zn and DMA (long-term exposure). Results Following short-term exposure, chickens that received an NA-chelated Fe treatment demonstrated significantly increased blood serum Fe, intestinal goblet cell number, and abundance of Bifidobacterium relative to chickens that received control Fe treatments (either EDTA-chelated Fe or unchelated Fe). Following long-term exposure, chickens that consumed the biofortified diet had significantly increased liver Fe, liver and muscle glycogen, and intestinal goblet cell number, as well as significantly different microbial population diversities (including a greater abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) relative to chickens that consumed the control diet. Conclusions Taken together these results demonstrate numerous health benefits associated with NA-chelated Fe in a biofortified wheat diet and uncover novel impacts of NA-chelated Fe on gastrointestinal health and functionality. Funding Sources This work was supported by grants from the USDA-ARS and HarvestPlus.

scholarly journals Intestinal Explant Cultures from Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) Allowed the Determination of Mucosal Sensitivity to Bacterial Pathogens and the Impact of a Plant Protein Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7584
Author(s):  
David Sánchez Peñaranda ◽  
Christine Bäuerl ◽  
Ana Tomás-Vidal ◽  
Miguel Jover-Cerdá ◽  
Guillem Estruch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
The Impact

The interaction between diet and intestinal health has been widely discussed, although in vivo approaches have reported limitations. The intestine explant culture system developed provides an advantage since it reduces the number of experimental fish and increases the time of incubation compared to similar methods, becoming a valuable tool in the study of the interactions between pathogenic bacteria, rearing conditions, or dietary components and fish gut immune response. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the total substitution of fish meal by plants on the immune intestinal status of seabream using an ex vivo bacterial challenge. For this aim, two growth stages of fish were assayed (12 g): phase I (90 days), up to 68 g, and phase II (305 days), up to 250 g. Additionally, in phase II, the effects of long term and short term exposure (15 days) to a plant protein (PP) diet were determined. PP diet altered the mucosal immune homeostasis, the younger fish being more sensitive, and the intestine from fish fed short-term plant diets showed a higher immune response than with long-term feeding. Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) triggered the highest immune and inflammatory response, while COX-2 expression was significantly induced by Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida (P. damselae subsp. Piscicida), showing a positive high correlation between the pro-inflammatory genes encoding interleukin 1β (IL1-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2).

scholarly journals Hydroxyurea Can Be Used to Increase Mouse c-kit+Thy-1.1loLin−/loSca-1+ Hematopoietic Cell Number and Frequency in Cell Cycle In Vivo

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 4354-4362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuko Uchida ◽  
Annabelle M. Friera ◽  
Dongping He ◽  
Michael J. Reitsma ◽  
Ann S. Tsukamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Cycle Status

Abstract The DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea (HU) was administered to determine whether it induces changes in the cell-cycle status of primitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)/progenitors. Administration of HU to mice leads to bone marrow accumulation of c-kit+Thy-1.1loLin−/loSca-1+ (KTLS) cells in S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle. HU is a relatively nontoxic, reversible cell-cycle agent that can lead to approximately a threefold expansion of KTLS cells in vivo and approximately an eightfold increase in the number of KTLS cells in S/G2/M. HSCs in HU-treated mice have undiminished multilineage long-term and short-term clonal reconstitution activity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Long-and Short-Term Strontium Treatment on Metabolites and Minerals in Glycine max

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaka ◽  
Dresler ◽  
Wójciak-Kosior ◽  
Strzemski ◽  
Kováčik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
The Impact

The impact of long-term exposure to Sr2+ (LTE, four doses, 43.5 mg Sr2+ per pot, with a total of 174 mg Sr2+ per pot during the entire period of cultivation) and short-term exposure to Sr2+ (STE, one dose, 870 mg Sr2+ per pot four days before harvest) on the content of phytoestrogens and allantoin in soybeans were compared. Sr2+ accumulation, the effect on the concentration of macroelements, and basic physiology were also analyzed. LTE reduced the content of malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin in the roots (58% and 50% compared to the control, respectively). STE increased the amount of all isoflavones in the stem and genistein in the leaves and decreased the content of malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin in the leaves (55% and 48% compared to the control, respectively) and roots (69% and 62% of the control, respectively) as well as genistein and coumestrol in the roots (both 50% compared to the control). Sr2+ presence stimulated the accumulation of allantoin in the roots (three-fold higher than in the control), but only STE had similar effects on the shoots. In contrast to LTE, Sr2+ was transported extensively from the roots to the leaves under STE. In comparison to the control, LTE resulted in an increase in the Ca content in the stem by 36%, whereas Ca2+ accumulation in the leaves, stems, and roots increased by 60%, 80%, and 36%, respectively, under STE. Additionally, a significant accumulation of K was found only in the roots of the LTE group. The chlorophyll content did not differ between the treatments. Overall, the production of phytoestrogens and Sr accumulation were affected by both the applied dose and the duration of exposure to Sr.

scholarly journals Hydroxyurea Can Be Used to Increase Mouse c-kit+Thy-1.1loLin−/loSca-1+ Hematopoietic Cell Number and Frequency in Cell Cycle In Vivo

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 4354-4362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuko Uchida ◽  
Annabelle M. Friera ◽  
Dongping He ◽  
Michael J. Reitsma ◽  
Ann S. Tsukamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Cycle Status

The DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea (HU) was administered to determine whether it induces changes in the cell-cycle status of primitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)/progenitors. Administration of HU to mice leads to bone marrow accumulation of c-kit+Thy-1.1loLin−/loSca-1+ (KTLS) cells in S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle. HU is a relatively nontoxic, reversible cell-cycle agent that can lead to approximately a threefold expansion of KTLS cells in vivo and approximately an eightfold increase in the number of KTLS cells in S/G2/M. HSCs in HU-treated mice have undiminished multilineage long-term and short-term clonal reconstitution activity.

scholarly journals Thymidine-Dependent Staphylococcus aureus Small-Colony Variants Are Induced by Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and Have Increased Fitness during SXT Challenge

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 7265-7272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Kriegeskorte ◽  
Nicola Ivan Lorè ◽  
Alessandra Bragonzi ◽  
Camilla Riva ◽  
Marco Kelkenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Small Colony Variants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTTrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is a possible alternative for the treatment of community- and hospital-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) due to the susceptibility of most MRSA strains to the drug. However, after long-term treatment with SXT, thymidine-dependent (TD) SXT-resistant small-colony variants (SCVs) emerge. In TD-SCVs, mutations of thymidylate synthase ([TS]thyA) occur. Until now, it has never been systematically investigated that SXT is triggering the induction and/or selection of TD-SCVs. In our study, we performed induction, reversion, and competition experimentsin vitroandin vivousing a chronic mouse pneumonia model to determine the impact of SXT on the emergence of TD-SCVs. SCVs were characterized by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and auxotrophism testing. Short-term exposure ofS. aureusto SXT induced the TD-SCV phenotype inS. aureusSH1000, while selection of TD-SCVs withthyAmutations occurred after long-term exposure. In reversion experiments with clinical and laboratory TD-SCVs, all revertants carried compensating mutations at the initially identified mutation site. Competition experimentsin vitroandin vivorevealed a survival and growth advantage of the ΔthyAmutant under low-thymidine availability and SXT exposure although this advantage was less profoundin vivo. Our results show that SXT induces the TD-SCV phenotype after short-term exposure, while long-term exposure selects forthyAmutations, which provide an advantage for TD-SCVs under specified conditions. Thus, our results further an understanding of the dynamic processes occurring during SXT exposure with induction and selection ofS. aureusTD-SCVs.

SUMBER-SUMBER RESILIENSI PADA REMAJA AKHIR YANG MENGALAMI KEKERASAN DARI ORANGTUA PADA MASA KANAK-KANAK

Psibernetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devina Calista ◽  
Garvin Garvin
Keyword(s):  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parental Affection ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p><em>Child abuse by parents is common in households. The impact of violence on children will bring short-term effects and long-term effects that can be attributed to their various emotional, behavioral and social problems in the future; especially in late adolescence that will enter adulthood. Resilience factors increase the likelihood that adolescents who are victims of childhood violence recover from their past experiences</em><em>,</em><em> become more powerful individuals and have a better life. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of resilience in late adolescents who experienced violence from parents in their childhood. This research uses qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The result shows that the three research participants have the aspects of "I Have", "I Am", and "I Can"; a participant has "I Can" aspects as a source of resilience, and one other subject has no source of resilience. The study concluded that parental affection and acceptance of the past experience have role to the three sources of resilience (I Have, I Am, and I Can)</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword : </em></strong><em>Resilience, adolescence, violence, parents</em></p>

Short-term exposure and long-term consequences of neonatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ibuprofen in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Philippot ◽  
Fred Nyberg ◽  
Torsten Gordh ◽  
Anders Fredriksson ◽  
Henrik Viberg
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Forecasting Revenue Impacts from COVID-19: The Case of Florida Municipalities

2021 ◽  
pp. 0160323X2110120
Author(s):  
Hai (David) Guo ◽  
Can Chen
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fiscal Planning ◽  
Revenue Structure ◽  
Municipal Managers ◽  
The Impact

Early in the pandemic, Florida municipal managers indicated that forecasting the impact on local revenues was one of their top priorities in responding to the pandemic, yet such a tool has not been widely available. This study offers simple and straightforward fiscal planning guides for assessing the short-term and long-term impacts of the COVID 19 recession on local government revenues by estimating the revenue declines among 411 Florida municipalities from FY 2021 to FY 2023. The forecast results predict revenues will be reduced by $5.11 billion from 2019 pre-pandemic levels for Florida cities in fiscal years 2021 through 2023. The decline is forecast to be 3.54 percent in FY 2021, 4.02 percent in FY 2022, and 3.29 percent in FY 2023. The revenue structure matters for estimating the revenue decline.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal associations of air pollutant concentrations, GP respiratory consultations and respiratory inhaler prescriptions: a 5-year study of primary care in the borough of Lambeth, South London

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ashworth ◽  
◽  
Antonis Analitis ◽  
David Whitney ◽  
Evangelia Samoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background Although the associations of outdoor air pollution exposure with mortality and hospital admissions are well established, few previous studies have reported on primary care clinical and prescribing data. We assessed the associations of short and long-term pollutant exposures with General Practitioner respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions. Methods Daily primary care data, for 2009–2013, were obtained from Lambeth DataNet (LDN), an anonymised dataset containing coded data from all patients (1.2 million) registered at general practices in Lambeth, an inner-city south London borough. Counts of respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions by day and Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) of residence were constructed. We developed models for predicting daily PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 per LSOA. We used spatio-temporal mixed effects zero inflated negative binomial models to investigate the simultaneous short- and long-term effects of exposure to pollutants on the number of events. Results The mean concentrations of NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 over the study period were 50.7, 21.2, 15.6, and 49.9 μg/m3 respectively, with all pollutants except NO2 having much larger temporal rather than spatial variability. Following short-term exposure increases to PM10, NO2 and PM2.5 the number of consultations and inhaler prescriptions were found to increase, especially for PM10 exposure in children which was associated with increases in daily respiratory consultations of 3.4% and inhaler prescriptions of 0.8%, per PM10 interquartile range (IQR) increase. Associations further increased after adjustment for weekly average exposures, rising to 6.1 and 1.2%, respectively, for weekly average PM10 exposure. In contrast, a short-term increase in O3 exposure was associated with decreased number of respiratory consultations. No association was found between long-term exposures to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 and number of respiratory consultations. Long-term exposure to NO2 was associated with an increase (8%) in preventer inhaler prescriptions only. Conclusions We found increases in the daily number of GP respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions following short-term increases in exposure to NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. These associations are more pronounced in children and persist for at least a week. The association with long term exposure to NO2 and preventer inhaler prescriptions indicates likely increased chronic respiratory morbidity.

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