scholarly journals Strategies to Increase Micronutrient Intakes Among Laotian Women Adhering to Traditional Postpartum Dietary Restrictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 819-819
Author(s):  
Taryn Smith ◽  
Xiuping Tan ◽  
Charles Arnold ◽  
Dalaphone Sitthideth ◽  
Sengchanh Kounnavong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dietary Restrictions ◽  
Gates Foundation

Abstract Objectives Culturally determined restrictive postpartum diets are common in Lao PDR, placing lactating women and breastfed infants at high risk of micronutrient deficiencies. The objective of this analysis was to explore if fortified condiments and supplements would be suitable strategies to improve micronutrient intakes among women adhering to dietary restrictions. Methods Mother-child (aged 21 days - <18 months) dyads (n = 680) were enrolled into a prospective cohort study in Lao PDR. Women were interviewed about foods and condiments that were consumed or restricted in weekly (for the first four weeks) and monthly intervals postpartum, and if they would be willing to take supplements during this time if provided to them. Data on minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) and household food insecurity was collected. Results Mean ± SD child and maternal age was 4.3 ± 3.3 mo and 24.7 ± 6.3 yr respectively, 95% of mothers were breastfeeding and 34% of households were moderately to severely food insecure. Almost all women (97%) reported adhering to food restrictions after childbirth for a median (IQR) length of time of 1 (1, 3) month (range 1 week to 36 months). White rice was consumed universally postpartum, however other diverse foods were highly restricted and consumed by < 32% of women in the first month. MDD-W was achieved by 10.4% of women currently restricting their diet and 16.4% who had resumed/were consuming their normal diet (p = 0.04). Of the women interviewed about condiments (n = 480), 99%, 43% and 53% habitually consumed salt, fish sauce and soy sauce respectively. During the period of dietary restrictions, 54% and 38% of habitual consumers restricted fish and soy sauces respectively, while all women continued to consume salt. Of the women asked about supplement use (n = 415), 87% reported that they would take supplements during the period of dietary restrictions. Conclusions Postpartum dietary restrictions are widespread among women in Lao PDR. These highly restrictive diets and low dietary diversity likely contribute to micronutrient deficiencies in mothers that may have important consequences for their breastfed infants through reduced micronutrient content of breastmilk, which requires further exploration. Salt fortification and supplements could be viable strategies to increase micronutrient intakes among women. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Differences in the Fecal Metabolome and Microbiome Between Exclusive and Partial Breastfed Infants are More Pronounced at 2 Months Compared to 5 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1097-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidong Wang ◽  
Aly Diana ◽  
Sofa Rahmannia ◽  
Rosalind Gibson ◽  
Lisa Houghton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to characterize the impact of feeding practices on the infant fecal metabolome and microbiome at 2 months and 5 months of age in exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and partial breastfeeding (PBF) infants. Methods Fecal samples were collected from infants at 2 months and 5 months of age from Bandung, Indonesia. Exclusive breastfeeding was determined using the stable isotope deuterium dose-to-mother (DTM) technique. Fecal metabolites were extracted using Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, and analyzed using NMR spectroscopy. Fecal microbial DNA was extracted at the same time using the MoBio PowerLyzer PowerSoil DNA isolation kit (MoBio, Carlsbad, CA). The V4 region of 16SrRNA was targeted. The DNA library sample was analyzed via 300-bp paired-end sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Results Fecal samples from EBF infants at 2 months of age revealed significantly higher human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), short-chain fatty acids and related metabolites compared to PBF infants. However, fecal samples from infants at 5 months of age revealed no differences in metabolome between EBF and PBF after p-value adjustment for multiple comparisons. Gut microbes, especially Bifidobacterium were higher in EBF infants at age 2 months even though not statistically significant. However, this difference was eliminated at age 5 months. Conclusions In the present study, infant feeding practices had a stronger influence on the infant fecal metabolome and microbiome at the age of 2 months as compared to 5 months. Funding Sources 2014 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. CS would also like to acknowledge funding from the Kinsella endowed chair in Food, Nutrition, and health as well as USDA-NIFA Hatch project 1,021,411.

scholarly journals Comparing Three Approaches to Salt Intake Assessment Among Lactating Women in Rural Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 633-633
Author(s):  
Kathleen Chan ◽  
Jelisa Gallant ◽  
Shalem Leemaqz ◽  
Mam Borath ◽  
Frank Wieringa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
York Academy ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Intake Assessment ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Gates Foundation

Abstract Objectives Monitoring population salt intake is a critical component of implementing salt fortification programs. In Cambodia, salt is being considered as a vehicle for thiamine fortification to prevent infantile beriberi among breastfed infants. However, salt intake among lactating mothers is not known. The gold standard for assessing sodium intake is repeat 24-hr urinary sodium concentrations. This method has logistical barriers, especially in low-resource settings, and other methods have not been trialed in this population. Here we compare three methods of assessing salt intake in lactating Cambodian women: repeat 24-hr urinary sodium concentrations (USC), repeat 12-hr observed weighed intake records (OWIR), and household salt disappearance (HSD). Methods Data from trial: NCT03616288. Salt intake was assessed using the three methods in a subsample of lactating women (n = 104) between 8 and 22 weeks postpartum. Women were asked to collect two 24-hour urine samples within 7 days. Repeat 12-hr OWIR were collected from women. Household salt disappearance was recorded fortnightly, and was divided by the number of household members to estimate individual intakes. Descriptive household salt use was also recorded. Differences in estimated salt intake from each method were compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Mean (95%CI) estimated salt intakes from repeat 24-hr USC, repeat 12-hr OWIR, and HSD were: 9.0 (8.3, 9.8) g/day, 9.1 (7.9, 10.3) g/day, and 10.9 (9.8, 11.9) g/day, respectively. Estimated intakes from HSD were significantly higher than both 24-hr USC (p = 0.009) and 12-hr OWIR (p = 0.002). Estimated intakes from 24-hr USC and 12-hr OWIR were not statistically different (p = 0.6). Salt was being used for purposes other than consumption, such as cleaning fish and vegetables, in 26% of fortnightly visits. Conclusions Repeat 24-hr USC and 12-hr OWIR are both acceptable and logistically feasible methods of salt intake assessment among lactating women in rural Cambodia. While HSD is a less resource-intensive approach, this method over-estimated salt intake. Salt being used for purposes other than consumption may contribute to over-estimation using this method. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, New York Academy of Sciences, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Research Nova Scotia.

scholarly journals The Association of Dietary Diversity Scores and Breastfeeding with Weight, Length, and BMI in Jordanian Infants Aged 6 to 24 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 799-799
Author(s):  
Nahla Al-Bayyari ◽  
Arieanna Eaton ◽  
Ra'ed Hailat ◽  
Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Z Score ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Age Appropriate

Abstract Objectives To assess how breastfeeding and dietary diversity relate to infant length-for-age Z-score (LAZ), weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), and BMI-for-age Z-score (BMIz). Methods Nutrition-focused data were collected from infants (n = 149) ages 6 to 24 months from Maternal and Child Health centers in Northern Jordan. Breastfeeding, dietary, and anthropometric data were obtained from the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment. As the WHO recommends infants breastfeed until 24 months, age-appropriate breastfeeding was defined as having eaten complimentary foods and breastfed the day prior. A dietary diversity score (DDS) was based on four food groups and was classified as adequate (having consumed grains, protein, and fruit or vegetable the day prior) or inadequate (lacking one of the aforementioned groups). Results Breastfed infants were more likely to have a lower WAZ, mean z-score of 0.16, than non-breastfed infants, mean z-score of 0.56 (P = 0.02). While differences between LAZ or BMIz were not statistically significant between breastfed and non-breastfed infants, mean BMIz was lower for breastfed infants 6 to 12 months compared to non-breastfed infants, mean z-score of 0.29 and 0.89 respectively (P = 0.03). Neither mean WAZ, LAZ, nor BMIz were significantly different in infants with adequate vs inadequate DDS. Conclusions These results demonstrate the importance of breastfeeding in infants of all ages, but especially those from ages 6 to 12 months. Breastfeeding served as a protective factor for the WAZ and BMIz for infants, though more investigation should be done to identify if this transfers to infants ages 12 to 24 months as well. While the DDS provided qualitative information on infant diets, it did not confer a significant advantage in LAZ, WAZ, or BMIz. Funding Sources This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

scholarly journals Advancing Methods for Measurement of Complementary Feeding Interventions and Practices at Scale: Outcomes from Two Rounds of National Surveys in Burkina Faso and Kenya (P10-135-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Heidkamp ◽  
Audrey Buckland ◽  
Ifta Choiriyyah ◽  
Peter Gichangi ◽  
Georges Guiella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Gates Foundation

Abstract Objectives Promotion of improved complementary feeding (CF) practices for children 6–23 m is a priority intervention to prevent stunting and also childhood obesity. However, global household survey programs do not include CF intervention coverage or “unhealthy” diet practices. We aimed to develop and refine indicators and questions for measuring these outcomes in large-scale household surveys. Methods In 2017 and 2018, we carried out nationally-representative household surveys in Burkina Faso (BF) and Kenya (K) that included children 0–59 m and women 10–49 yrs. Over two rounds per country we modified the questionnaire, tools and enumerator training to better capture the intended information. In 2018, we used both prompted and unprompted approaches to ask about specific CF messages received. Results Coverage of any CF counseling among caregivers of 6–23 m olds who received counseling in the specified recall period (within 1 m for 6–11 m olds, within 3 m for 12–23 m olds) remained constant over the two years in both countries (2017: 16% Burkina Faso, 20% Kenya; 2018: 17% Burkina Faso; 18% Kenya). Between years, we changed the structure of questions about the timing of their last counseling visit. The revised 2018 method allowed more flexibility in defining and comparing recall periods by age group (Figure 1). Unprompted questions about CF messages resulted in much lower coverage compared to prompted (Figure 2). The proportion of children achieving minimum dietary diversity increased slightly across years (2017: 16% BF, 40% K; 2018: 20% BF, 43% K). Consumption of unhealthy foods, particularly sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) increased with age (Figure 3). However, when we excluded “milk tea with sugar” from the SSB definition in Kenya, consumption was only 11% for children 6–59 m. Perceptions around unhealthy foods and SSBs varied by cultural context, making it challenging for enumerators to classify foods into these categories. Conclusions Consideration should be given to recall periods, prompted versus unprompted responses, and culturally appropriate training around dietary data collection to elicit the most accurate results in survey settings. Our findings are generalizable to global and national nutrition surveys programs including the Demographic and Health Survey. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Complementary Feeding Practices and Associated Factors in Children 6–23 months in Uttar Pradesh, India: Program Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 902-902
Author(s):  
Deepa Sankaran ◽  
Priyanshu Sharma ◽  
Shajy Isac ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
James Blanchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Gates Foundation

Abstract Objectives Optimal complementary feeding (CF) practices among children 6–23 months can prevent childhood malnutrition and can improve long term development and health. Our study aimed to understand CF practices in children 6–23 months, as part of an ongoing nutrition program (with a focus on improving dietary diversity) in UP, India. Methods Mothers of children 6–23 months old were interviewed in 125 blocks across 25 districts of UP (N = 34,290). We assessed dietary intake using 24-hour dietary recalls and calculated minimum dietary diversity (MDD, 4 + food groups) and age-appropriate minimum meal frequency (MMF). We used multivariate logistic regression to test for associations between MDD and program exposure variables, such as frontline worker (FLW) CF knowledge, home visits by FLWs, and FLW counseling on age-appropriate CF practices, controlling for age, caste, religion, mother's education level, birth order and sex of the child. Results Merely 22% of children 6–8 months old received any semisolid/solid food the previous day, and even at 1 year of age, only 60% children received any CF. Fourteen % of all children and 5% of children 9–11 months received age-appropriate MMF. Children 6–23 months old had poor diets with only 11% reaching MDD. Only 3% of younger children (6–11 months) and 18% of children 12–23 months reached MDD. In children 12–23 months, starchy staples, pulses, other fruits and vegetables (F&V) and dairy products were consumed in higher proportions (65%, 52%, 36% and 36% respectively) while Vitamin-A rich F&V, eggs and flesh foods were rarely consumed (11%, 2% and 3.1% respectively). Higher odds of achieving MDD were associated with FLWs CF knowledge (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 2.2–4.5), home visit by FLWs in the past month (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1–1.4) and counselling by FLWs on age-appropriate CF practices (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2–1.7) were positively associated with MDD. Conclusions CF practices in children 6–23 months old in these 25 districts in UP are suboptimal. Dietary diversity in this age group can be improved by improving FLW knowledge and quantity and quality of FLW interactions with families. Results suggest a need for targeted age-specific counselling to increase meal frequency and to introduce a greater variety of foods to younger children. Funding Sources Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Operationalizing the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations: A Standardized Scoring System (P13-034-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Shams-White ◽  
Alice Bender ◽  
Nigel Brockton ◽  
Susannah Brown ◽  
Lisa Kahle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Objectives To develop a standardized AICR/WCRF Score that measures adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations and provide guidance for its application in research. Methods Each of the updated 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations and the associated goals and statements of advice were examined to inform the definition of a new Score. For each of the weight, physical activity, diet, and breastfeeding-specific recommendations, components and subcomponents were created. Standards for scoring each component were established based on quantitative guidance specified in the recommendations; however, if no specificity was provided, other guidelines (e.g., national guidelines), past research that operationalized 2007 WCRF/AICR recommendations, and expert panel advice were evaluated. Results The proposed AICR/WCRF Score includes eight of the ten WCRF/AICR 2018 recommendations: 1) Be a healthy weight, 2) Be physically active, 3) Eat a diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and beans, 4) Limit consumption of fast foods and other processed foods high in fat, starches, or sugars, 5) Limit consumption of red and processed meats, 6) Limit consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, 7) Limit alcohol consumption, and, optionally, 8) For mothers: breastfeed your baby, if you can. Each of the components are worth one point: 1, 0.5, and 0 points for fully, partially, and not meeting the recommendations, respectively (total Score: 0–7 or 8 points). Two recommendations were not included in the Score due to uncertain intent of supplement use (Do not use supplements for cancer prevention) and the redundancy of the dependent components in the final recommendation (After a cancer diagnosis: follow our Recommendations, if you can). Additional guidance will stress the importance of taking into account other risk factors, such as smoking, in relevant models using the new Score. Conclusions The AICR/WCRF Score is a practical tool operationalizing the 2018 recommendations. Future studies are needed to further examine how adherence to the Score relates to cancer risk and mortality in various populations. Funding Sources None.

Nutritional value and health benefits of horticulture.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Bodily Function ◽  
Functional Components

Abstract Daily consumption of fruit and vegetables is encouraged as important for human health and nutrition because the vitamins, minerals, essential micronutrients, fibre, vegetable proteins and bio-functional components they provide are crucial for bodily function. The FAO/WHO expert consultation (2004) on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases recommended a daily intake of 400 g (five portions) of fruits and vegetables (excluding potatoes and other starchy tubers) to prevent heart disease, cancer, diabetes and obesity. However, despite this recognition, world-wide per capita consumption of fruits and vegetables is estimated to be 20-50% short of the minimum recommended level. In 2013 an estimated 5.2 million deaths worldwide were attributable to inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption. Adhering to the WHO recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake can prevent morbidity and mortality caused by micronutrient deficiencies, birth defects, mental and physical retardation, weakened immune systems, blindness and even death. Improving the dietary diversity through horticulture-based food intake is an effective and sustainable approach to combating micronutrient malnutrition in both developed and developing countries (Kennedy et al., 2003).

scholarly journals Presence of Ebola Virus in Breast Milk and Its Risk of Transmission to Breastfeeding Infants: Synthesis of Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1036-1036
Author(s):  
Melisa Medina-Rivera ◽  
Elizabeth Centeno-Tablante ◽  
Julia Finkelstein ◽  
Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas ◽  
Maria Nieves Garcia-Casal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Ebov Infection

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to synthesize evidence related to the presence in and transmission of the Ebola virus (EBOV) through breast milk to help inform global guidelines on infant feeding. Methods We conducted a comprehensive systematic search in international and regional databases to identify original studies describing women with suspected or confirmed EBOV infection intending to breastfeed or give breast milk to an infant. Studies documenting any breastfeeding woman who has been vaccinated or is suspected or confirmed of viral infection at any time during or after pregnancy were identified. Records were independently screened by two authors and after duplicate records were removed, studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction. Results From a total of 24,473 non-duplicate studies, we found six case reports that included seven breastfeeding mothers with suspected or confirmed EBOV infection and their eight children (one mother with twins). EBOV was detected via RT-PCR and/or by culture in five out of six breast milk samples that were collected from the mothers. Five out of the seven breastfed infants were found positive for EBOV infection and all of the identified cases led to death. Conclusions Ebola virus was detected in 5 out of 6 breast milk samples analyzed. Since the virus has also been detected in tears, saliva, and sweat, it is not possible to conclude with certainty that the transmission was through breast milk. Prospective studies are needed in order to define the safety of feeding infants with breast milk from mothers infected with EBOV. Funding Sources Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, WHO.

scholarly journals Harmonization of Maternal Nutrition Trials – Finding and Creating Similarities in Protocols and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1738-1738
Author(s):  
Alison Gernand ◽  
Yemane Berhane ◽  
Nita Bhandari ◽  
Ranadip Chowdhury ◽  
Fyezah Jehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Fetal Biometry ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Biospecimen Collection ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objectives Public health and clinical recommendations should be based on results from multiple studies, however trials often have outcomes that are not defined in the same way. This project aims to harmonize selected protocols, outcome definitions, and data analysis across five randomized trials of antenatal balanced energy-protein supplementation being conducted in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Methods Harmonization efforts include a range of activities from reviewing detailed protocols, biospecimen collection plans, data dictionaries, and data analysis plans to proposing best practices and acceptable practices based on field limitations. Most studies have not begun or are early in enrollment, an ideal time frame to make changes. A two-day workshop of lead investigators, content experts and advisors will be held in late February, and harmonization activities will continue thereafter. Results All studies are examining anthropometry at birth as a primary outcome, however the timing of birth measurements (hours since birth) and types of measurements taken differ across trials. All studies are estimating gestational age by ultrasound measurements, but the gestational age at ultrasound differs (in part due to differences in timing of antenatal care by country) as well as the number of fetal biometry measures. Finally, stillbirth is a key outcome across trials, but initial definitions had slight differences that will now be harmonized. We are also able to add new, important maternal and child health outcomes to each trial that will have the same protocols from inception (e.g., microbiome). Conclusions Efforts thus far have resulted in communication between study investigators, consideration of improved protocols, and addition of new outcomes to collect across all sites. Further results are forthcoming after the February workshop, which will include documentation of how much definitions vary across studies and the challenges of standardization. We expect the harmonization process to improve overall reporting within each study and provide opportunities for better meta-analyses. Funding Sources The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Nutritional Iron Deficiency and Malaria: Impact of a Public-Private Partnership

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 837-837
Author(s):  
Patricia Haggerty ◽  
Daniel Raiten
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Research Track ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Background: In 2007 the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) collaborated to address concerns about the safety and efficacy of interventions to prevent and treat nutritional iron deficiency (NID) particularly in the context of malaria. The “Iron and Malaria Project” (IMP) addressed how iron might not be safe, iron assessment, and the value of interventions to address NID. This presentation will: Describe the novel approach used to achieve the IMP goals, describe the IMP accomplishments and impacts, and summarize lessons learned. Methods The IMP had: 1) Research Track: NICHD initiated 2 funding opportunity announcements resulting in 10 funded projects; 2) Translation Track: a) consultations with global stakeholders; b) risk: benefit analyses on the use of interventions to prevent and treat NID; c) a collaboration with the CDC to develop standards for a sTfR assay; d) the BOND project to harmonize the process for discovery, development and deployment of nutrient biomarkers; e) the INSPIRE project, a review of extant evidence on reciprocal relationships between nutrition and inflammation; and f) the BRINDA project, a collaboration with the CDC, GAIN, and WHO to study the impact of inflammation on interpretation of biomarkers of iron and other determinants of anemia and develop approaches to account for this interaction. Results Funded grants included 4 basic science projects exploring mechanisms to explain iron and malaria interactions and 6 clinical studies addressing various aspects of the iron malaria relationship. To date, 72 journal publications have resulted. Using the NIH Relative Citation Ratio metric, 2/3 have scientific influence scores ≥the 50th percentile of all NIH-funded research publications and 15 have scores ≥ the 90th percentile. Conclusions The IMP leveraged the attributes of this public-private partnership between BMGF and NICHD/NIH to accomplish its goals. The partnership's complementarity and synergy resulted in broad traction and collaboration with a global community invested in solving the challenges of iron and malaria. Funding Sources BMGF $9.3 million, NIH Office of Dietary Supplements $1.3 million.

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