scholarly journals Child Growth and Adolescent Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Sibling Comparison in Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1009-1009
Author(s):  
Daniel Antiporta ◽  
Laura Caulfield ◽  
Alvaro Munoz ◽  
David Celentano
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Young Cohort ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
One Year

Abstract Objectives We aim to quantify the longitudinal growth differences during childhood and early adolescence between siblings born at different maternal ages at delivery (adult vs. adolescent/young). Methods We analyzed data from siblings of the same biological parents of the young cohort from the Young Lives Study in Peru, over 14 of follow-up. Elder siblings were enrolled at one year of age (2002), while younger siblings were enrolled in the third cohort visit (2009). We include elder siblings who were firstborn only and younger siblings who were second-born children. We performed three-level hierarchical models using Gaussian and Poisson families for height for age Z-score (HAZ) and stunting prevalence, respectively, to estimate predicted values at age 2, 5, 8, and 12. We report absolute marginal average contrasts (Φ) between a younger sibling and elder sibling born to adult (25–34 years) and adolescent/young mothers (15–24 years), respectively. Moreover, we adjust the estimate of interest with expected differences between siblings born to mothers in the same maternal age at delivery group. Results The total eligible sample included 310 pairs of siblings, where 85% of index children and 65% of younger siblings were born to adolescent/young women. Contrasts between a sibling from an adult mother and a firstborn index were positive up to age 12 for HAZ (Φ: 0.20 95% CI 0.01, 0.39) and negative for stunting (Φ: −5.09% 95% CI −12.28, 2.10). Expected differences between siblings born to adult mothers in the same delivery age group did not substantially change the findings for HAZ (ΦA: 0.29 95% CI 0.04, 0.53) but increase the magnitude of stunting differences (ΦA: −9.70% 95% CI −15.40, −4.01). Expected differences between siblings born to adolescent mothers decrease the magnitude of both estimates but remain their direction. Conclusions Younger siblings born to adult mothers outperformed older siblings born to adolescent mothers in growth throughout childhood and early adolescence. The long-lasting effects of adolescent pregnancy on their offspring's nutrition ought to be addressed with social policies focused on preventing adolescent pregnancy. Funding Sources None.

Abstract 2917: Outcome Prediction With A Population-based Ischemic Stroke Atlas

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieslaw L Nowinski ◽  
Varsha Gupta ◽  
Guoyu Qian ◽  
Wojciech Ambrosius ◽  
Jie He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Outcome Prediction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Prediction ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
One Year

Outcome prediction is critical in stroke patient management. We propose a novel approach combining imaging with parameters (including history, hospitalization, demographics, clinical and outcome) for a population of patients in the Probabilistic Stroke Atlas (PSA) along with prediction engine. The PSA aggregates multiplicity of data for a population of stroke patients and presents them in image format. The PSA is composed from a series of three-dimensional (3D) image volumes including scans and parameters. A cohort of over 700 ischemic stroke generally treated patients with 176 parameters per patient, and CT scan performed at admission and on day 7 was acquired. Outcome measurements were assessed up to one year after stroke onset. Cases with old infarcts, infarcts in both hemispheres, and hemorrhagic transformations were rejected. This data was post-processed to build the PSA and then the PSA was used for prediction. The infarcts were delineated on CT scans and their 3D surface models constructed and normalized. The PSA was calculated from the normalized 3D infarct models as frequency of stroke occurrence. Similar maps were calculated for the following parameters: Age; Sex; Survival; NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS); Barthel Index (BI) at 30, 90, 180, 360 days; modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 7, 30, 90, 180, 360 days; White blood cell count; C-reative protein; Glucose at emergency department; History of hypertension; and History of diabetes. The PSA was used for prediction of mRS and BI for 50 stroke subjects. For a given case to be predicted, the infarct was delineated and analyzed by the PSA mapped on the scan. The predicted values of the parameters from the PSA were compared with the actual values of the parameters measured in up to 1-year neurological follow up. The accuracy was defined as 100*(1-(actual value-predicted value)/actual value)%. The mean prediction accuracy of mRS at (7, 30, 90, 180, 360) days is (89.7, 90.7, 92.1, 87.0, 83.3)% and that for BI at (30, 90, 180, 360) days is (90.0, 95.4, 94.4, 92.2)% respectively. This novel prediction method has high prediction rates. It can be applied to any other parameters. The PSA is dynamic and its power can increase with additional cases.

scholarly journals “I have to provide for another life emotionally, physically and financially”: understanding pregnancy, motherhood and the future aspirations of adolescent mothers in KwaZulu-Natal South, Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree Govender ◽  
Saloshni Naidoo ◽  
Myra Taylor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Early Childbearing ◽  
Body Experience ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Abstract Background Adolescent pregnancy and motherhood has been a controversial and much disputed subject within the field of public health. Early childbearing is not only characterized as a physical body experience but also embodies the experiences and perceptions of the social norms, discourses, conflict and moral judgement. There is an increasing concern that the psychosocial challenges facing adolescent mothers remains in the background since research in this field has mainly focused on the medical and physical complications of early childbearing. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore adolescent pregnancy and motherhood in order to understand this phenomenon from the perspective of adolescent mothers and to gain insight into their future aspirations. Methods This descriptive qualitative study was based on data from four focus group discussions with adolescent mothers utilising healthcare services at a district hospital in Ugu district, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, then analysed using thematic analysis. Results Some adolescent mothers’ partners were in denial and rejected them and the child while others’ partners were happy and supported them during their pregnancy. Families’ reactions to the pregnancies ranged between anger and disappointment to abandonment, the silent treatment, and acceptance and forgiveness. The psychological issues experienced by some of the adolescent mothers included suicidal ideation, guilt, loneliness, anxiety, and stress. They also experienced financial constraints, difficulty in returning to school, and stigmatisation in society. The participants envisioned completing their education, focusing on their dream careers, and contributing positively to society. Conclusion Experiences of adolescent pregnancy and parenting are multifaceted and the healthcare needs of pregnant and parenting adolescents extend beyond information and knowledge. A multidisciplinary approach is required in the care of adolescent mothers. A key policy priority should encompass the collaboration of different professionals from various healthcare sectors to assist adolescent mothers in achieving better health and psychosocial and socio-economic outcomes as steps to securing a better future for them.

scholarly journals Awareness and Perception of Carbohydrate-Controlled Diets for Management of PCOS: A Benchmark Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 954-954
Author(s):  
Carolina Cartier ◽  
Cristen Harris ◽  
Alexandra Kazaks
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Registered Dietitian Nutritionists ◽  
Nutrition And Dietetics

Abstract Objectives Infertility affects 6.1 million women in the United States. There is currently no recognized Medical Nutrition Therapy to optimize fertility. Despite a lack of research evidence of safety and efficacy, carbohydrate restriction (CR) and carbohydrate-controlled diets (CCD) are utilized by individuals and practitioners as a treatment for subfertility. An aim of this study was to assess awareness and perception of CR as a treatment for subfertility by Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDN). In addition, a secondary aim was to compare similar questions gathered from individuals who followed a CCD for fertility enhancement. Methods This study was a combination of two surveys open for respondents July 2019 to January 2020 via REDCap. The survey for the first aim had a restricted population of RDNs consisting of 20 questions investigating perception of CR therapy and experience with patients with subfertility. The survey was emailed via listserv through the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The second survey targeted individuals who implemented CR as a fertility therapy. It consisted of 45 questions and was distributed to CCD related social media groups. Results The first survey had 240 RDN respondents with an average of 12 years of experience. The second survey had 203 CCD respondents of which 49% had followed a CCD for less than one year. While the remaining 51% followed a CCD for an average of 3.6 years. There was a statistically significant difference between how the two groups defined carbohydrate restriction χ,2 (3, 410) = 265.4, P < 0.01. Among RDNs, 49.8% selected “Below 45% kcal from carbohydrate/day” and 32.2% selected “Below 100 g carbohydrate/day”. In contrast, 75.4% of followers of a CCD selected “Below 20 g carbohydrate/day”. A total of 41% of RDNs were familiar with research regarding the effect of carbohydrate reduction on female subfertility markers, such as PCOS and anovulation, of which 67% believe the body of evidence demonstrates “generally positive outcomes” on markers of fertility. Conclusions The results of this study highlight the lack of a consistent definition of CCD between providers and the public. There may be a need for educating providers that research regarding CCD and fertility exists, but effectiveness of CR as a treatment cannot be properly assessed without an agreed upon definition. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Why Are Adolescent Mothers More iikely to Have Stunted and Underweight Children Than Adult Mothers? A Path Analysis Using Data from 30,000 Bangladeshi Mothers, 1996–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1463-1463
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Samuel Scott ◽  
Long Khuong ◽  
Priyanjana Pramanik ◽  
Akhter Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Poor Growth

Abstract Objectives Adolescent pregnancy is a major global concern due to its adverse effects on maternal and child health and wellbeing. Bangladesh has one of the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy globally. We sought to examine trends in adolescent pregnancy and associated factors in Bangladesh in the last two decades, and to understand why children of adolescent mothers are at high risk of poor growth. Methods Data were from 6 rounds of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (1996–2014). Women aged 15–49 years who gave birth in the 5 years preceding each survey (n = 30,331) were classified based on age at first birth: ≤19 years (adolescence), 20–24 years (young adulthood), and ≥25 years (adulthood). Trend analysis was used to assess the progress over time. Multivariable regression and structural equation models were used to understand how adolescent pregnancy is linked to child undernutrition through maternal nutritional status, education and bargaining power, health service use, child feeding and living conditions. Results Adolescent pregnancy has declined slowly, from 84% in 1996 to 73% in 2014. Children born to adolescent mothers had lower z-scores for height-for-age (mean difference: −0·64 SD), weight-for-age (−0·45 SD), and higher prevalence of stunting (18 percentage points [pp]) and underweight (12pp) than children born to adult mothers. Compared to adult mothers, adolescent mothers were shorter (−0·8 cm), lighter (−6.9 kg), more likely to be underweight (+14pp), had lower education (−4·3 years), less decision-making power (−9pp), and lived in poorer households (−0·79 SD) with poorer sanitation (−23pp) (all P < 0.05). Adolescent mothers were less likely to access ANC (−20pp), institutional delivery (−42pp), postnatal care services (−24pp) and had poorer complementary feeding practices (−15pp). In path analyses, these intermediate factors explained 66% of the association between adolescent pregnancy and child anthropometry, with the strongest links being through women's weight, education, socioeconomic status and complementary feeding practices. Conclusions Adolescent pregnancy is still the norm in Bangladesh. Policies and programs to address poverty and improve women's education can help to improve women's health, reduce early childbearing and break the intergenerational cycle of poverty and undernutrition. Funding Sources A4NH at IFPRI.

scholarly journals Effects of a Prenatal Care Intervention for Adolescent Mothers on Birth Weight, Repeat Pregnancy, and Educational Outcomes at One Year Postpartum

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ford ◽  
Linda Weglicki ◽  
Trace Kershaw ◽  
Cheryl Schram ◽  
Paulette J. Hoyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
One Year ◽  
Experimental Group

About one-third of adolescent mothers receive inadequate prenatal care, and babies born to young mothers are more likely to be of low birth weight. The objective of this study is to evaluate a peer-centered prenatal care program for adolescent mothers. Pregnant adolescents were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group in a mastery modeling peer-support intervention designed to improve long- and short-term perinatal outcomes. A sample of 282 urban pregnant adolescents (94% African American, 4% Caucasian, 2% other) participated in the study. Participants were recruited from five clinics located mainly in Detroit, Michigan. Participants in the experimental group received care in a small group setting and learned to perform critical measurements with a peer partner during prenatal visits. Participants in the control group received individual prenatal care in the same clinics. Outcome measures included birth weight, years of schooling completed at one year postpartum, planned and unplanned pregnancy at one year postpartum, and employment and school attendance at one year postpartum. Mothers in the experimental group had a lower rate of low birth weight (6.6% vs. 12.5%, p=0.08). The rate of unplanned pregnancy was also lower for adolescents in the experimental group (13.4% vs. 15.9%), although this difference was not statistically significant. Adolescents who participated in the intervention were more likely to have continued their education during the pregnancy and the postpartum year. The mastery modeling, peer-centered, prenatal care program produced some positive pregnancy outcomes for adolescent mothers.

scholarly journals Maternal Functional Health Literacy Does Not Predict Child Growth, Development, or Illness from 6 to 18 Mo of Age in Malawi (P11-004-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Cox ◽  
Ulla Ashorn ◽  
John Phuka ◽  
Kenneth Maleta ◽  
John Sadalaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Growth Charts ◽  
Functional Health Literacy ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nutrient Supplements ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Gates Foundation

Abstract Objectives To examine the association of maternal functional health literacy (FHL), a mother's ability to understand health information written in words and pictures, with child health, growth, and development in rural Malawi. Methods Maternal FHL was measured at six months postpartum among 671 participants in the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS) DYAD-M trial in Malawi. Field staff asked comprehension questions about written health materials that were common in Malawi, such as medication instructions, breastfeeding information, and growth charts. Outcomes were child length-for-age (LAZ) and weight-for-length (WLZ) z scores at age 6 and 18 mo, change in LAZ and WLZ from 6 to 18 mo, motor and language development at 18 mo, and illness monitored weekly from birth to 18 mo (highest quartile prevalence of diarrhea, highest quartile prevalence of malaria or undefined fever, and incidence of acute respiratory infection). In Model 1, we examined the unadjusted association between maternal FHL and each outcome. In Model 2, we adjusted for household and parental background characteristics collected at baseline, child age and sex, and trial group. In Model 3, we added maternal cognition, depression, and caregiving characteristics collected after baseline. Results Over 90% of participants understood the growth charts, immunization record, and breastfeeding information in the health passport. Understanding of medication instructions was lower, with 72% understanding malaria, 81% Panadol, and 63% erythromycin instructions (Figure 1). Maternal FHL z score significantly predicted motor (β ± SE = 0.087 ± 0.040, P = 0.029) and language z scores (β ± SE = 0.093 ± 0.040, P = 0.020) at 18 mo in unadjusted models. However, after adjusting for covariates, these associations were not significant. Maternal FHL was not significantly associated with any other outcomes. Conclusions Revision of written medication instructions in Malawi may be needed to increase mothers’ understanding of how to deliver medication to their children. However, in this sample, maternal FHL was not associated with indicators of child growth, development, or illness after adjusting for parental, household, and caregiving characteristics. Funding Sources This publication is based on research funded by a grant to the University of California, Davis from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

African American Adolescent Mothers' Vocational Aspiration-Expectation Gap: Individual, Social and Environmental Influences

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Hellenga ◽  
Mark S. Aber ◽  
Jean E. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
African American Adolescent ◽  
Expectation Gap ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Vocational Aspirations

This study investigated the vocational aspirations and expectations of 160 African American adolescent mothers living in urban poverty. Discriminant function analysis was used in an attempt to distinguish between participants with, and those without, a discrepancy between their vocational aspirations and expectations. The two groups were found to be distinct in several ways. Depressive and anxious symptoms along with childcare provided by relatives, were associated with a gap between aspirations and expectations. Higher grade point averages, living with biological parents, and having a career mentor were more often associated with a match between expectations and aspirations. A combination of factors, including psychological functioning, social support, achievement, and contextual factors specific to the tasks of teen parenting, should be considered in future attempts to understand and describe adolescent mothers' vocational development.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Full Day School Program in SMAN 10 Singkawang

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Arianto Arianto ◽  
Sukmawati Sukmawati ◽  
Usman Radiana
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Day School ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
One Year ◽  
Full Day

<p>The objectives of this study include 1) describing and analyzing evaluations on context components which include: the development of the school's vision and mission that describes the objectives of Full Day School implementation in Singkawang 10 State Senior High School (SMAN 10 Singkawang); 2) Describe and analyze evaluations on input components which include: curriculum development, educators, administrative personnel, facilities and infrastructure as well as financing in accordance with educational standards; 3) describe and analyze evaluations on process components which include: learning process, management in accordance with educational standards; 4) describe and analyze evaluations on product components which include: UN scores and graduation for the 12th year students of the current year 2016-2018. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. From the data collected at the time of the research on the Evaluation of FDS Program at SMAN 10 Singkawang, the Context, Input, Process and Product evaluation obtained the following results: 1) In the evaluation of the context, the Vision and Mission of SMAN 10 Singkawang was in accordance with education. character based and government objectives in the FDS program; 2) In the Input evaluation it was concluded that the curriculum used in SMAN 10 Singkawang still refers to the KTSP and K13 curriculum, lack of teachers and TU and the lack of facilities and infrastructure available in schools; 3) In the process evaluation includes the learning process that has been carried out according to SNP standards, the teacher makes a lesson plan (RPP) as a PBM guide and is supervised by the Principal regularly and the Principal designs the school budget by arranging the RKAS within one year from the committee funding sources and BOSS; 4) Results of discussion about the results The product evaluation includes learning outcomes during the FDS implementation at SMAN 10 Singkawang can be concluded that during the 3 years running the implementation of FDS in SMAN 10 Singkawang has not improved the quality of education (seen from the UN average score data). Still below the average 6.00 (SNP standard).</p>

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