scholarly journals Potential Risk Factors for Childhood Overweight and Obesity Among WIC Participating Preschool Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1202-1202
Author(s):  
Andrea Charvet ◽  
Fatma Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Broward County ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Weight Category

Abstract Objectives To identify risk factors associated with the risk for overweight/obesity in preschool children ages 3 up to 5 years participating in the Broward County Special Supplementation Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Methods Cross-sectional data were collected from all 7 Broward County Health Department WIC clinics over 4 months via a researcher-administered questionnaire. Additional data were extracted from the WIC data system. Children were classified into weight categories following the CDC's BMI-for-age percentiles, which were further combined into under/normal weight and overweight/obese. Results A total of 197 participants [90 boys (45.7%) and 107 girls (54.3%)] were included. From those, 68% were overweight/obese and 32% under/normal weight. Sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake was significantly greater in the overweight/obese group (7.45 ± 8.71 vs. 4.60 ± 6.64 oz/d, P = 0.024). Fruits were consumed daily by 67% of the children, and vegetables by 35%, with no significant association with weight category. Breakfast was skipped at least once/week by 16.5% of the children, independent of body weight. On average, children had 2.3 h/d of screen time and were physically active for 37.9 min/d. While screen time was not significantly different by weight category, children in the under/normal weight group were significantly more physically active when compared to their counterparts (41.9 ± 29.3 vs. 29.3 ± 27.0 min/d, P = 0.004). Only 15.2% of parents/guardians of overweight and 43.3% of obese children identified their child as being too big. Mean birth weight for overweight/obese children was significantly higher (7.41 ± 1.12 vs. 7.04 ± 1.17 lbs, P = 0.038). On a logistic regression model, SSB intake, physical activity, and birth weight were significant predictors of overweight/obesity. Conclusions Physical activity was negatively correlated with the risk of overweight/obesity, while the intake of SSB and birth weight were positively correlated. In addition, most participants failed to perceive their overweight/obese child as such. This study points out important factors to be considered in obesity prevention interventions in this population. Funding Sources AC was supported by a NIH/NIGMS R25 grant. The FIU Dietetics and Nutrition research foundation supported the study.

scholarly journals Impact of Eating Frequency and Snack Quality on Body Weight of WIC Preschool Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1616-1616
Author(s):  
Andrea Charvet ◽  
Adriana Campa ◽  
Catherine Coccia ◽  
Fatma Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Broward County ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Nutrition Research

Abstract Objectives To understand the influence of eating frequency and snack quality on body weight of preschool children ages 3 up to 5 years participating in the Broward County Special Supplementation Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Methods Cross-sectional data were collected from all 7 Broward County Health Department WIC clinics over 4 months via a researcher-administered questionnaire. Additional data were extracted from the WIC data system. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's BMI-for-age percentiles were used to classify children into weight categories that were combined into under/normal weight and overweight/obese. Snacks were categorized into nutrient-based food groups and assigned a quality score. Results A total of 197 participants [90 boys (45.7%) and 107 girls (54.3%)] were included. From those, 3.6% were underweight, 64.4% normal weight, 16.8% overweight and 15.2% were obese. Most children consumed 3 meals (97.5%) and between 2 (33%) to 3 (37.1%) snacks on average per day. Mean number of snacks on the weekend was significantly higher than on weekdays (2.78 ± 1.20 vs. 2.67 ± 1.08, P = 0.001). We found a tendency for a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity as the number of eating events increased, although it was not significant. The most frequently consumed snacks were milk, 100% fruit juice, and fresh fruits, consumed daily by more than 75% of the children, irrespective of weight category. There was an overall higher consumption of more nutritious snacks when compared to nutrient-poor snacks (66% vs. 33.5%), with under/normal weight children consuming nutritious snacks more frequently than overweight/obese children (P = 0.09). Conclusions Most children included in this study engaged in frequent eating events with a higher intake of the more nutritious snacks, which were both associated with a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity. Our findings suggest that in this age range, participation in the WIC program may foster positive eating behaviors. Funding Sources A.C. was supported by a NIH/NIGMS R25 grant. Support to conduct the study was provided by the FIU Dietetics and Nutrition research foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic and Remote Education Contributes to Improved Nutritional Behaviors and Increased Screen Time in a Polish Population-Based Sample of Primary School Adolescents: Diet and Activity of Youth during COVID-19 (DAY-19) Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1596
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kołota ◽  
Dominika Głąbska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Remote Education ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity

The Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic has influenced the nutrition of individuals, including the diet followed, food availability, and food security. However, thus far, only a few studies have been published regarding the diet and activity of children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and remote education in this period on the diet and physical activity in a Polish population-based sample of primary school adolescents. In June 2020, the Diet and Activity of Youth during COVID-19 (DAY-19) Study was conducted on a population recruited based on stratified random sampling from all regions (schools sampled from counties, and counties from voivodeships). The sample consisted of a total of 1334 adolescents aged 10–16 years. The study assessed the diet and physical activity of the participants using a validated questionnaire which included questions about the period of remote education and the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were asked about the following: consumption of fruit, vegetables, soft drinks, water, French fries, and fast food; eating meals in front of the television; and the number of days they are physically active and the number of hours they spend watching television. The obtained data were analyzed by stratifying the respondents by the gender, age, size of the city and total COVID-19 morbidity in the voivodeship. It was observed that, during the pandemic and the resultant remote education, the proportion of respondents who declared the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables had increased compared to that before the pandemic—a higher proportion consumed at least three portions of fruit per day (19.0% before pandemic vs. 27.4% during pandemic; p < 0.0001), as well as three and four or more portions of vegetables per day (11.9% vs. 14.5% and 7.5% vs. 11.1%; p = 0.0004). At the same time, the proportion of respondents consuming at least three cups of water per day had increased (41.1% vs. 47.9%; p = 0.0020), whereas the proportion of respondents who never or rarely eat their meals in front of the television had decreased (35.6% vs. 28.9%; p < 0.0001), and the proportion watching television for more than 2 h a day had increased (78.3% vs. 88.4%; p < 0.0001). Based on the results, it may be concluded that, during the period of remote education due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the dietary behaviors of the studied population of Polish adolescents were more beneficial, which included a higher intake of fruit, vegetables, and water, compared to before the pandemic. In spite of the increasing screen time, including eating in front of the television, there was no reduction in the number of days the respondents were physically active.

scholarly journals Effects of Three Different Family-Based Interventions in Overweight and Obese Children: The “4 Your Family” Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Varagiannis ◽  
Emmanuella Magriplis ◽  
Grigoris Risvas ◽  
Katerina Vamvouka ◽  
Adamantia Nisianaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Family Based Interventions

Childhood overweight and obesity prevalence has risen dramatically in the past decades, and family-based interventions may be an effective method to improve children’s eating behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three different family-based interventions: group-based, individual-based, or by website approach. Parents and school aged overweight or obese children, 8–12 years of age, were eligible for the study. A total of 115 children were randomly allocated in one of the three interventions, and 91 completed the study (79% compliance); Group 1 (n = 36) received group-based interventions by various experts; Group 2 (n = 30) had interpersonal family meetings with a dietitian; and Group 3 (n = 25) received training through a specifically developed website. Anthropometric, dietary, physical activity, and screen time outcomes were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Within-group comparisons indicated significant improvement in body weight, body mass index (BMI)-z-score, physical activity, and screen time from baseline in all three study groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, total body fat percentage (%TBF) was also decreased in Groups 2 and 3. Between-group differences varied with body weight and %TBF change, being larger in Group 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2, in contrast to BMI-z-score, screen time, and health behaviors, which were significantly larger in Group 2 than the other two groups. In conclusion, personalized family-based interventions are recommended to successfully improve children’s lifestyle and body weight status.

scholarly journals Understanding the influence of 24-hour movement behaviours on the health and development of preschool children from low-income South African settings: the SUNRISE pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Draper ◽  
Simone A Tomaz ◽  
Caylee J Cook ◽  
Sasha S Jugdav ◽  
Candice Ramsammy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
South African ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Gross Motor

Background: The International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years, SUNRISE, was initiated to assess the extent to which young children meet movement behaviour guidelines (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, screen time, sleep). Objective: The South African SUNRISE pilot study assessed movement behaviours in preschool children from two low-income settings, and associations between these movement behaviours, adiposity, motor skills and executive function (EF). Methods: Preschool child/parent pairs (n = 89) were recruited from preschools in urban Soweto and rural Sweetwaters. Height and weight were measured to assess adiposity. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometers while sedentary behaviour, screen time and sleep were assessed via parent report. Fine and gross motor development were measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3, and EF was assessed using the Early Years Toolbox. Results: The proportion of children meeting the physical activity guideline was 84% , 66% met the sleep guideline ,48% met the screen time guideline , and 26% met all three guidelines. Rural children were more active, but spent more time on screens compared to urban children. Most children were on track for gross (96%) and fine motor (73%) development, and mean EF scores were in the expected range for all EF measures. EF was negatively associated with screen time, and gross motor skills were positively associated with physical activity. Conclusion: The South African SUNRISE study contributes to the growing literature on 24-hour movement behaviours in SA preschool children, and highlights that these behaviours require attention in this age group.

scholarly journals Factors associated with accelerometer measured movement behaviours among White British and South Asian children aged 6–8 years during school terms and school holidays

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e025071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Carmen Nagy ◽  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Maria Horne ◽  
Paul Collings ◽  
Sally Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectivesTo investigate factors associated with movement behaviours among White British (WB) and South Asian (SA) children aged 6–8 years during school terms and holidays.DesignCross-sectional.SettingThree primary schools from the Bradford area, UK.ParticipantsOne hundred and sixty WB and SA children aged 6–8 years.Primary and secondary outcomesSedentary behaviour (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured by accelerometry during summer, winter and spring and during school terms and school holidays. Data were analysed using multivariate mixed-effects multilevel modelling with robust SEs. Factors of interest were ethnicity, holiday/term, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), weight status, weekend/weekday and season.ResultsOne hundred and eight children (67.5%) provided 1157 valid days of data. Fifty-nine per cent of children were WB (n=64) and 41% (n=44) were SA. Boys spent more time in MVPA (11 min/day, p=0.013) compared with girls and SA children spent more time in SB (39 min, p=0.017) compared with WB children in adjusted models. Children living in higher SES areas were more sedentary (43 min, p=0.006) than children living in low SES areas. Children were more active during summer (15 min MVPA, p<0.001; 27 LPA, p<0.001) and spring (15 min MVPA, p=0.005; 38 min LPA, p<0.001) and less sedentary (−42 min and −53 min, p<0.001) compared with winter. Less time (8 min, p=0.012) was spent in LPA during school terms compared with school holidays. Children spent more time in MVPA (5 min, p=0.036) during weekend compared with weekdays. Overweight and obese children spent more time in LPA (21 min, p=0.021) than normal-weight children.ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that significant child level factors associated with movement behaviours are ethnicity, sex, weight-status and area SES. Significant temporal factors are weekends, school holidays and seasonality. Interventions to support health enhancing movement behaviours may need to be tailored around these factors.

Childhood obesity: food, nutrient, and eating-habit trends and influences

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Roblin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Media ◽  
High Calorie

The need has never been greater to support healthy eating and physical activity in children and youth; the numbers of overweight and obese children have doubled and tripled, respectively, over the past 3 decades. Poor eating habits, including inadequate intake of vegetables, fruit, and milk, and eating too many high-calorie snacks, play a role in childhood obesity. Grain products provide the highest percentage (31%) of daily calories, followed by “other foods,” which have limited nutritional value (22% of daily calories). Snacks account for 27% of total daily calories, which is more than the calories consumed at breakfast (18%) and lunch (24%), but not dinner (31%). For Canadians older than 4 years of age, more than 41% of daily snack calories come from other foods, such as chips, chocolate bars, soft drinks, fruit drinks, sugars, syrup, preserves, fats, and oils. Habits that protect against childhood obesity include eating more vegetables and fruit, eating meals with family, and being physically active. Children’s food habits and choices are influenced by family, caregivers, friends, schools, marketing, and the media. Successful interventions for preventing childhood obesity combine family- and school-based programs, nutrition education, dietary change, physical activity, family participation, and counseling.

scholarly journals Daily School Physical Activity Is Associated with Higher Level of Physical Activity Independently of Other Socioecological Factors

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Amanda Lahti ◽  
Björn Rosengren ◽  
Jan-Åke Nilsson ◽  
Magnus Dencker ◽  
Magnus Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Parental Attitude ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Parental Educational Level ◽  
Objectively Measured

Only one fifth of children aged 11–17 years are physically active for 60 min (min)/day. As physical activity (PA) levels track from childhood to adulthood, it is important to establish healthy PA behavior early in life. This study aims to evaluate whether daily school PA is associated with objectively measured PA independently of other socioecological factors. This study includes 209 children (120 boys) aged 9.8 ± 0.6 (mean ± SD) years from four government-funded schools in Sweden. One school including 113 children (70 boys) had 40 min of daily school PA (intervention) and three schools including 96 children (50 boys) had 60 min of school PA/week (control). PA was measured during four serial days with accelerometers. General PA (GPA) was defined as mean counts per minute (cpm). Socioecological factors were collected by questionnaires, and anthropometric traits by measurements. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test whether sex, age, relative age, body height, fat mass, lean mass, screen time activity, parental educational level, parental attitude towards PA, parental PA, sibling(s)’ PA, living in a house or apartment, and whether the child was allocated to 40 min daily school PA or 60 min school PA/week, was independently associated with GPA. Daily GPA was found to be 686.9 ± 211.9 cpm. Independently of the other included factors, daily school PA was associated with +81.8 (15.7, 147.8) cpm compared with 60 min PA/week. This study infers that daily school PA is an appropriate strategy to promote PA in 10-year-old children, independently of different socioecological factors.

scholarly journals Cancer Prevention: Knowledge, Attitudes and Lifestyle Cancer-Related Behaviors among Adolescents in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8294
Author(s):  
Gabriella Di Giuseppe ◽  
Concetta Pelullo ◽  
Maria Mitidieri ◽  
Giuseppe Lioi ◽  
Maria Pavia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
History Of ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
History Of Cancer

This study explores knowledge, attitudes and lifestyle behaviors related to cancer in a sample of adolescents. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. 871 adolescents agreed to participate, with a response rate of 96.8%. Only 26.1% had a good level of knowledge on most risk factors for cancer. Adolescents with both parents employed, with a personal, familiar or friend history of cancer or having received information about cancer prevention from a physician, were more likely to have good knowledge about the risk factors for cancer. In total, 41% of participants declared that they consumed alcohol and 25.3% declared they were current smokers, 19.2% consumed fruits or vegetables more than once a day and 75.2% reported poor physical activity. Older adolescents, with a personal, familiar or friend history of cancer, not having one parent in the healthcare sector or not physically active were significantly more likely to be current smokers, whereas physical activity was significantly more likely in adolescents who had been informed by physicians on cancer prevention, and had one parent in the healthcare sector. This study highlights a need for improved education of adolescents about cancer prevention and lifestyle cancer-related behaviors.

Birth Weight And Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors In Youth- Does Physical Activity Matter?

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Guro P. Øglund ◽  
Katrien Wijndaele ◽  
Paul Collings ◽  
Ashley Cooper ◽  
Lauren Sherar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk

scholarly journals Physical activity and sedentary behaviors (screen time and homework) among overweight or obese adolescents: a cross-sectional observational study in Yazd, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammad Hadianfard ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi ◽  
Majid Karandish ◽  
Maryam Azhdari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Passive Transportation

Abstract Background The growing number of adolescents who are overweight or obese (OW / OB) is a public concern. The present study was aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) (screen time (ST) and homework time (HT)) among Yazd OW/OB adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed among 510 students aged 12-16 in Yazd, Iran. The general information, PA, and SB (ST and HT) were collected by interview based on the WHO standard questionnaire. Anthropometric data were assessed by precise instruments. Daily energy intake (Energy) was obtained from a 7-day food record. Nutritionist 4 software (version I) was run to estimate the energy. Results There was a high prevalence of SB > 2h/day (97.6), ST > 2h/day (70.3%), overweight or obesity (40%), abdominal obesity (36.9%), physical inactivity (29.8%) among the students. The younger age (p = 0.014), energy (p < 0.001), no access to the yard (p < 0.001), family size ≤ 2 (p = 0.023), passive transportation, (p = 0.001), the highest school days’ HT (p = 0.033) and SB (p = 0.021), and the highest weekends’ HT among the students were the risk factors for OW/OB. The highest PA level was associated with a lower risk of OW/OB (p < 0.001). The findings were not the same in both sexes. Compared to the normal weight students, OW / OB spent more time on school days and weekdays for ST (P <0.001), HT (P <0.001, P = 0.005) and SB (P <0.001), respectively. OW/OB students showed a higher weekends’ ST (p < 0.001) and lower HT (p = 0.048) than normal-weight students. Conclusion The prevalence of SB, ST, OW/OB, and physical inactivity were common. The school days and weekends’ HT, the school days’ SB and HT, age, energy, PA, and access to the yard, family size, and passive transportation were related to the greater chances of OW/OB students. Given that the expansion of online education and self-isolation in a new situation with COVID-19, it seems we will meet the worrying results.

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