scholarly journals A Decade of Nutrition and Health Disparities Research at NIH, 2010–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1263-1263
Author(s):  
Alison Brown ◽  
Scarlet Shi ◽  
Samantha Adas ◽  
Josephine Boyington ◽  
Cotton Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Minority Health ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
The Past ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Nutrition Research

Abstract Objectives Nutrition health disparities include the differences in incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of diet-related diseases and conditions that disproportionally affect disadvantaged groups (e.g., race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disability, rural, immigration status). These disparities arise from the complex interaction of individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors within the biological, behavioral, and environmental domains. The purpose of this study is to describe the scope of nutrition health disparities research supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) over the past decade to identify research gaps and opportunities relevant to NIH's mission. Methods Data were extracted from an internal reporting system from 2010 to 2019 using the Research, Condition, and Disease Categorization (RCDC) spending categories for “Nutrition” and “Health Disparities.” Results Over the past decade, the number of NIH supported nutrition and health disparities research studies have generally increased, with 860 grants funded in 2010 and 937 grants in 2019, while total nutrition and health disparities funding remained relatively stable. The top 5 Institutes/Centers that funded nutrition and health disparities research included the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Cancer Institute, and National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. Conclusions Consistent with the mission of the top funding ICs, the top research areas were obesity, diabetes, digestive diseases, cancer, heart disease, clinical research, prevention, and behavioral and social sciences. Cross-cutting topics relevant to all NIH ICs included special populations areas such as pediatric and minority health followed by aging and women's health. Consistent with the Strategic Plan for NIH Nutrition Research, it is critical to advance health equity through the application of precision nutrition approaches that acknowledge the influence of biologic, behavioral, psychosocial, environmental, and social factors on nutrition health disparities, and to develop effective targeted interventions to address these disparities. Funding Sources None.

Temporal Focus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie J. Shipp
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Future ◽  
Behavior Based ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Temporal Focus

Temporal focus is the individual tendency to characteristically think more or less about the past, present, and future. Although originally rooted in early work from psychology, research on temporal focus has been steadily growing in a number of research areas, particularly since Zimbardo and Boyd’s (1999) influential article on the topic. This chapter will review temporal focus research from the past to the present, including how temporal focus has been conceptualized and measured, and which correlates and outcomes have been tested in terms of well-being and behavior. Based on this review, an agenda for research is created to direct temporal focus research in the future.

scholarly journals End of life breast cancer care in women with severe mental illnesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Fond ◽  
Vanessa Pauly ◽  
Audrey Duba ◽  
Sebastien Salas ◽  
Marie Viprey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Eol Care

AbstractLittle is known on the end-of-life (EOL) care of terminal breast cancer in women with severe psychiatric disorder (SPD). The objective was to determine if women with SPD and terminal breast cancer received the same palliative and high-intensity care during their end-of-life than women without SPD. Study design, setting, participants. This population-based cohort study included all women aged 15 and older who died from breast cancer in hospitals in France (2014–2018). Key measurements/outcomes. Indicators of palliative care and high-intensity EOL care. Multivariable models were performed, adjusted for age at death, year of death, social deprivation, duration between cancer diagnosis and death, metastases, comorbidity, smoking addiction and hospital category. The analysis included 1742 women with SPD (287 with bipolar disorder, 1075 with major depression and 380 with schizophrenia) and 36,870 women without SPD. In multivariate analyses, women with SPD had more palliative care (adjusted odd ratio aOR 1.320, 95%CI [1.153–1.511], p < 0.001), longer palliative care follow-up before death (adjusted beta = 1.456, 95%CI (1.357–1.555), p < 0.001), less chemotherapy, surgery, imaging/endoscopy, and admission in emergency department and intensive care unit. Among women with SPD, women with bipolar disorders and schizophrenia died 5 years younger than those with recurrent major depression. The survival time was also shortened in women with schizophrenia. Despite more palliative care and less high-intensity care in women with SPD, our findings also suggest the existence of health disparities in women with bipolar disorders and schizophrenia compared to women with recurrent major depression and without SPD. Targeted interventions may be needed for women with bipolar disorders and schizophrenia to prevent these health disparities.

The Case for Post-Modern Management Accounting: Thinking Outside the Box

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob G. Birnberg
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Business Education ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Modern Management ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Problems Of Practice ◽  
New Research ◽  
Outside The Box

ABSTRACT: I argue that the time has come for management accounting researchers to again consider the orientation of our research. Over the past several decades, the focus of research in management accounting has evolved. Initially, research was heavily influenced by the needs of practice. After the Ford Foundation's initiative to professionalize business education, research became more and more theoretical and inward-facing. At a time when practice is in need of assistance, our current focus has led to research that is primarily intended to enhance current models rather than assist in solving the problems of practice. After arguing that there is a need for a change, I offer several examples of new research areas where management accounting research could assist practice.

Philosophy of Neuroscience

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina L. Roskies ◽  
Carl F. Craver
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Philosophy Of Neuroscience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

The experimental study of the brain has exploded in the past several decades, providing rich material for both philosophers of science and philosophers of mind. In this chapter, the authors summarize some central research areas in philosophy of neuroscience. Some of these areas focus on the internal practice of neuroscience, that is, on the assumptions underlying experimental techniques, the accepted structures of explanations, the goals of integrating disciplines, and the possibility of a unified science of the mind-brain. Other areas focus outwards on the potential impact that neuroscience is having on our conception of the mind and its place in nature.

scholarly journals Integrated Knowledge Transfer and Exchange: An Organizational Approach for Stakeholder Engagement and Communications

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwayne Van Eerd ◽  
Ron Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Research Process ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Knowledge Transfer And Exchange ◽  
Key Concepts

Knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) is a process of making relevant research information available and accessible for use in practice or policy. Integrated KTE, where knowledge users are engaged in the research process, is considered to better facilitate uptake and use. The objective of this paper is to describe a fully integrated KTE approach developed over the past 20 years. Key concepts related to knowledge user engagement as well as the integration of communications within KTE are described. The organizational KTE approach is flexible and can be adapted to a variety of research areas.

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