scholarly journals Sugar Kelp (Saccharina latissima) Inhibits Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis with Increased Metabolic Rates in a Mouse Model of Diet-induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (OR24-08-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Bo Kim ◽  
Yoojin Lee ◽  
Minkyung Bae ◽  
Hyunju Kang ◽  
Siqi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Macrophage Marker ◽  
M1 Macrophage

Abstract Objectives We investigated whether consumption of sugar kelp, an edible brown seaweed, can attenuate metabolic disturbances and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a mouse model of NASH with evident liver fibrosis. Methods Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a low-fat control (LF; 6% fat by wt), a high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol control (HF; 34% fat, 34% sucrose, 2.0% cholesterol by wt), or a HF containing sugar kelp (HF-Kelp; 6.0% dried sugar kelp powder by wt) for 14 weeks. Blood chemistry as well as biochemical, molecular, and histological analyses were conducted in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Metabolic rates, energy expenditure, and physical activity of mice were determined using indirect calorimetry Results Body weight of mice fed HF-Kelp was significantly lower than that of HF group. Compared to LF, HF significantly increased serum total cholesterol and glucose, which were decreased by kelp. In the liver, HF-Kelp group showed decreases in weight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and steatosis compared with HF-fed mice. Also, kelp decreased hepatic expression of a macrophage marker F4/80 and an M1 macrophage marker CD11c. Mice fed HF-Kelp also exhibited decreased liver fibrosis as evidenced by less expression of fibrogenic genes and collagen accumulation than those of HF group. In eWAT, HF-Kelp diet reduced weight and adipocyte size compared with HF control. While HF-Kelp diet increased mRNA abundance of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ, it decreased the expression of collagen type VI alpha 1 chain, F4/80, CD11c, and tumor necrosis factor α, in eWAT. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, energy expenditure, and physical activity were significantly higher in HF-Kelp group than HF. Conclusions Kelp consumption markedly prevented weight gain, fat accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver and eWAT of mice with NASH. The health benefits of kelp were accompanied by increased metabolic rates, energy expenditure, and physical activity. Therefore, kelp may be consumed to prevent obesity-associated metabolic disturbances and NASH. Funding Sources This study was supported by USDA Hatch.

scholarly journals Nicotinamide Riboside, an NAD + Precursor, Reduces Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Attenuates Liver Fibrosis in a Diet-induced Mouse Model of Liver Fibrosis (OR24-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tho Pham ◽  
Minkyung Bae ◽  
Mi-Bo Kim ◽  
Yoojin Lee ◽  
Siqi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Stellate Cell ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nicotinamide Riboside ◽  
Primary Mouse

Abstract Objectives There is limited pharmacological treatment for liver fibrosis, which can result from chronic liver injury. In this study, we investigated the effect of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) precursor, on the development of liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis in vivo and in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro. Methods Male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly assigned to three groups: a low-fat control (LF; 6% fat by wt), a high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol control (HF; 35%/34%/2.0% by wt, n = 13) or a HF diet supplemented with NR at 400 mg/kg/day (HF-NR, n = 14) for 20 weeks. Features of liver fibrosis were assessed by molecular, histological, and biochemical analyses to determine the effect of NR. Metabolic rates, energy expenditure and physical activity were measured using indirect calorimetry. Primary mouse and human HSCs, the primary extracellular matrix-producing cell-type in the liver, were used to determine the anti-fibrogenic effects of NR in vitro. Results HF-NR group had reduced body weight gain, which was attributable to increased energy expenditure. NR supplementation did not affect serum alanine aminotransferase levels and markers of steatosis and inflammation in the liver. However, liver trichrome and picrosirius red staining and total collagen quantification showed significant reductions of collagen by NR. Consistently, hepatic collagen 1a1 mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in the HF-NR group. Liver NAD levels were significantly reduced by HF, but was increased by NR supplementation. RNA-Seq analysis of NAD metabolism genes in quiescent and activated HSCs indicated that NAD levels might be reduced in activated HSCs due to repression of NAD salvage pathway, which regenerates NAD from nicotinamide. Indeed, treatment of primary human and mouse HSCs with NR significantly reduced their activation in vitro. Conclusions NR supplementation prevented the development of liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis independent of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. The data suggest that NR may directly reduce HSC activation to exert its anti-fibrotic effect. NR may be developed as a potential preventative for human liver fibrosis. Funding Sources The NIH, USDA Multistate Hatch, and USDA Hatch.

Simulated weightlessness alters the nycthemeral distribution of energy expenditure in rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (23) ◽  
pp. 4107-4113
Author(s):  
Stéphane Blanc ◽  
Alain Géloën ◽  
Sylvie Normand ◽  
Claude Gharib ◽  
Laurence Somody
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Simulated Weightlessness ◽  
Basal Energy Expenditure ◽  
The Cost

SUMMARY The energy metabolism adaptations to simulated weightlessness in rats by hindlimb tail suspension are unknown. 12 male rats were assigned to 7 days of isolation, 7 days of habituation to the suspension device, 10 days of simulated weightlessness, and 3 days of recovery. The 24-hour energy expenditure was measured by continuous indirect calorimetry. We calculated the 12-hour energy expenditure during the active (night) and inactive (day) periods, the minimal observed metabolic rates with the day values taken as an index of the basal metabolic rate, and the non-basal energy expenditure representing the cost of physical activity plus the diet-induced thermogenesis. Suspension did not change the mean 24-hour energy expenditure (360.8±15.3 J min–1 kg–0.67), but reduced the night/day difference by 64 % (P<0.05) through a concomitant drop in night-energy expenditure and increase in day values. The difference between night and day minimal metabolic rates was reduced by 81 % (P<0.05), and the transient rise in day values suggests an early and moderate basal metabolic rate increase (9 %). An overall 19 % reduction in non-basal energy expenditure was observed during simulated weightlessness (P<0.05), which was mainly attributable to a reduction in the cost of physical activity. 3 days of recovery restored the night/day differences but increased the 24-hour energy expenditure by 10 % (P<0.05). In conclusion, hindlimb tail suspension in rats did not alter the 24-hour energy expenditure, but it transiently increased the basal metabolic rate, and altered both the energy expended on physical activity and the nycthemeral distribution of motor activity. These data suggest that the circadian rhythms of energy expenditure are affected during simulated weightlessness.

Development of a novel mouse model of diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis–related progressive bridging fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-947
Author(s):  
Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu ◽  
Katsuhisa Omagari ◽  
Michiko Yamashita ◽  
Koichi Tsuneyama
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
Severe Fibrosis

ABSTRACT Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progresses to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Existing mouse models of NASH rarely develop diet-induced severe fibrosis. We aimed to establish a dietary model of NASH with rapid progression to fibrosis. Six-week-old male Tsumura-Suzuki obese diabetes (TSOD) mice (a model of spontaneous metabolic syndrome) and corresponding control Tsumura-Suzuki nonobese (TSNO) mice were fed a novel diet high in fat, cholesterol, and cholate (iHFC). Histologic steatohepatitis, including steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, were observed in both TSNO and TSOD iHFC diet–fed mice at 20 weeks of age. As compared with TSOD mice, TSNO mice developed much more severe fibrosis and reached stage 3 of bridging fibrosis within 14 weeks under the iHFC diet feeding. Perivenular/perisinusoidal pattern of fibrosis in TSNO mice resembled human NASH. Our model of NASH with advanced fibrosis by simple diet offers many advantages useful in studying the mechanism of liver fibrosis and preclinical drug testing.

scholarly journals Effects of renalase deficiency on liver fibrosis markers in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyuki Tokinoya ◽  
Nanami Sekine ◽  
Kai Aoki ◽  
Seiko Ono ◽  
Tomoaki Kuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Energy expenditure and physical activity in patients with anorexia nervosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
U Elbelt ◽  
V Haas ◽  
T Hofmann ◽  
S Jeran ◽  
H Pietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Energy Expenditure

The Effect of Sensor Placement and Number on Physical Activity Recognition and Energy Expenditure Estimation (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Davoudi ◽  
Mamoun T. Mardini ◽  
Dave Nelson ◽  
Fahd Albinali ◽  
Sanjay Ranka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Recognition ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Lifestyle Activities

BACKGROUND Research shows the feasibility of human activity recognition using Wearable accelerometer devices. Different studies have used varying number and placement for data collection using the sensors. OBJECTIVE To compare accuracy performance between multiple and variable placement of accelerometer devices in categorizing the type of physical activity and corresponding energy expenditure in older adults. METHODS Participants (n=93, 72.2±7.1 yrs) completed a total of 32 activities of daily life in a laboratory setting. Activities were classified as sedentary vs. non-sedentary, locomotion vs. non-locomotion, and lifestyle vs. non-lifestyle activities (e.g. leisure walk vs. computer work). A portable metabolic unit was worn during each activity to measure metabolic equivalents (METs). Accelerometers were placed on five different body positions: wrist, hip, ankle, upper arm, and thigh. Accelerometer data from each body position and combinations of positions were used in developing Random Forest models to assess activity category recognition accuracy and MET estimation. RESULTS Model performance for both MET estimation and activity category recognition strengthened with additional accelerometer devices. However, a single accelerometer on the ankle, upper arm, hip, thigh, or wrist had only a 0.03 to 0.09 MET increase in prediction error as compared to wearing all five devices. Balanced accuracy showed similar trends with slight decreases in balanced accuracy for detection of locomotion (0-0.01 METs), sedentary (0.13-0.05 METs) and lifestyle activities (0.08-0.04 METs) compared to all five placements. The accuracy of recognizing activity categories increased with additional placements (0.15-0.29). Notably, the hip was the best single body position for MET estimation and activity category recognition. CONCLUSIONS Additional accelerometer devices only slightly enhance activity recognition accuracy and MET estimation in older adults. However, given the extra burden of wearing additional devices, single accelerometers with appropriate placement appear to be sufficient for estimating energy expenditure and activity category recognition in older adults.

scholarly journals Estimating Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Using an Ensemble Model-Based Patch-Type Sensor Module

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Kyeung Ho Kang ◽  
Mingu Kang ◽  
Siho Shin ◽  
Jaehyo Jung ◽  
Meina Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Ensemble Model ◽  
Direct Calorimetry ◽  
Patch Type ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Sensor Module

Chronic diseases, such as coronary artery disease and diabetes, are caused by inadequate physical activity and are the leading cause of increasing mortality and morbidity rates. Direct calorimetry by calorie production and indirect calorimetry by energy expenditure (EE) has been regarded as the best method for estimating the physical activity and EE. However, this method is inconvenient, owing to the use of an oxygen respiration measurement mask. In this study, we propose a model that estimates physical activity EE using an ensemble model that combines artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms using the data acquired from patch-type sensors. The proposed ensemble model achieved an accuracy of more than 92% (Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) = 0.1893, R2 = 0.91, Mean Squared Error (MSE) = 0.014213, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) = 0.14020) by testing various structures through repeated experiments.

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