scholarly journals Fat Intake Associations with Metabolic Profile and Body Composition in Subjects with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes (P08-029-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Foley ◽  
Neda Akhavan ◽  
Kelli George ◽  
Shalom Siebert ◽  
Joseph Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

Abstract Objectives Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes is increasing in the United States, and can result in other disease states, such as heart disease and obesity. Fat consumption has become more common, due to new dietary recommendations as well as the rise in popularity of high fat diets. It is therefore of interest to analyze the associations of the prediabetic and type 2 diabetic state with regard to fat consumption as well as metabolic biomarkers and anthropometrics to draw possible connections between dietary patterns and physiological responses to them. Methods The biomarkers (lipid panel and glycemic control), anthropometric data, body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) and food records of 62 prediabetic or type 2 diabetic participants were obtained. Correlations from the aforementioned variables were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS. Significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05. Results Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was negatively associated with polyunsaturated fat consumption (r2 = –0.258, P < 0.05). Additionally, total fat (r2 = –0.300, P < 0.05) and trans fatty acid (r2 = –0.258, P < 0.05) intake was negatively associated with arm lean mass. High density lipoprotein (HDL) was negatively associated with arm (r2 = –0.305, P < 0.05) and leg lean mass (r2 = –0.360, P < 0.01), as well as android (r2 = –0.343, P < 0.01), gynoid (r2 =–0.353, P < 0.01), and total lean mass (r2 = –0.353, P < 0.01). Total fat and specific fat intake were not significantly associated with other metabolic biomarkers. Conclusions Fat has become less demonized as high fat diets have become more popular and as nutritional recommendations have changed, but in the absence of ketosis it may not be as beneficial for diabetic and prediabetic populations. Interestingly, fat intake was not negatively or positively associated with any biomarkers, except for the case of polyunsaturated fat intake, which was associated with lower LDL levels. Surprisingly HDL levels were associated with decreased levels of lean mass. Future interventional studies are needed to further examine the effects of fat intake, including amount and sources, in this population. Funding Sources N/A.

Effects of high fat diets and supplemental tart cherry and fish oil on obesity and type 2 diabetes in male and female C57BL/6J and TALLYHO/Jng mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 108644
Author(s):  
Jacaline K. Parkman ◽  
Kristiana Sklioutovskaya-Lopez ◽  
Kalhara R. Menikdiwela ◽  
Logan Freeman ◽  
Naima Moustaid-Moussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

How are Consumers of Low-fat and High-fat Diets Perceived by those with Lower and Higher Fat Intake?

Appetite ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. BARKER ◽  
M. TANDY ◽  
J.D. STOOKEY
Keyword(s):  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Association between total fat intake and depressive symptoms in Cuban Americans with and without type 2 diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel C. Exebio ◽  
Gustavo G. Zarini ◽  
Carla Duenas ◽  
Fatma G. Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Cuban Americans

scholarly journals Circulating metabolic biomarkers consistently predict incident type 2 diabetes in Asian and European populations - a plasma metabolomics analysis of four ethnic groups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jowy Yi Hoong Seah ◽  
Yueheng Hong ◽  
Anna Cichońska ◽  
Charumathi Sabanayagam ◽  
Simon Nusinovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
European Population ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

Aims/hypothesis: We aimed to evaluate metabolic biomarkers in relation to incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) representing three major ethnic groups in Asia (Chinese, Malay, and Indian) and a European population. Methods: We used data from male and female adult participants of multiple cohorts, including two cohorts from Singapore (n = 6,393 Asians) consisting of ethnic Chinese, Malays, and Indians, and three cohorts of European-origin participants from Finland (n = 14,558). We used nuclear magnetic resonance to quantify 154 metabolic biomarkers in plasma collected at baseline and performed multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between the metabolic measures and risk of T2D with adjustments for age, sex, BMI and either fasting glucose or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: Of 154 metabolic biomarkers, 59 were associated with higher risk of T2D in both Asians and Europeans (P < 0.0003; Bonferroni-corrected). These included branched-chain and aromatic amino acids and alanine, the inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetyls, total fatty acids, the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids, apolipoprotein B, larger very low-density lipoprotein particle sizes, and triglycerides. A further 13 metabolic biomarkers were associated with lower T2D risk in both populations including proportion of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and larger high-density lipoprotein particle sizes. Associations were consistent within the Asian ethnic groups (Phet ≥ 0.05 for all 154 metabolic biomarkers) and largely consistent with the European population (Phet ≥ 0.05 for 128 of 154 metabolic biomarkers). Conclusions/interpretation: Metabolic biomarkers across a variety of biological pathways were consistently associated with T2D risk in three Asian ethnic groups and a European population.

scholarly journals The role of high-fat diets and physical activity in the regulation of body weight

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Schrauwen ◽  
Klaas R. Westerterp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Fat Diets

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in westernized societies. In the USA the age-adjusted prevalence of BMI ≫30 kg/m2 increased between 1960 and 1994 from 13 % to 23 % for people over 20 years of age. This increase in the prevalence of obesity has been attributed to an increased fat intake and a decreased physical activity. However, the role of the impact of the level of dietary fat intake on human obesity has been challenged. High-fat diets, due to their high energy density, stimulate voluntary energy intake. An increased fat intake does not stimulate its own oxidation but the fat is stored in the human body. When diet composition is isoenergetically switched from low to high fat, fat oxidation only slowly increases, resulting in positive fat balances on the short term. Together with a diminished fat oxidation capacity in pre-obese subjects, high-fat diets can therefore be considered to be fattening. Another environmental factor which could explain the increasing prevalence of obesity is a decrease in physical activity. The percentage of body fat is negatively associated with physical activity and exercise has pronounced effects on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. High-intensity exercise, due to a lowering of glycogen stores, can lead to a rapid increase in fat oxidation, which could compensate for the consumption of high-fat diets in westernized societies. Although the consumption of high-fat diets and low physical activity will easily lead to the development of obesity, there is still considerable inter-individual variability in body composition in individuals on similar diets. This can be attributed to the genetic background, and some candidate genes have been discovered recently. Both leptin and uncoupling protein have been suggested to play a role in the prevention of diet-induced obesity. Indeed, leptin levels are increased on a high-fat diet but this effect can be attributed to the increased fat mass observed on the high-fat diet. No effect of a high-fat diet per se on leptin levels is observed. Uncoupling proteins are increased by high-fat diets in rats but no data are available in human subjects yet. In conclusion, the increased intake of dietary fat and a decreasing physical activity level are the most important environmental factors explaining the increased prevalence of obesity in westernized societies.

scholarly journals Dietary modulation of body composition and insulin sensitivity during catch-up growth in rats: effects of oils rich in n-6 or n-3 PUFA

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1750-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayathri Yepuri ◽  
Helena Marcelino ◽  
Yasaman Shahkhalili ◽  
Olivier Aprikian ◽  
Katherine Macé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Impact

The present study investigates whether excessive fat accumulation and hyperinsulinaemia during catch-up growth on high-fat diets are altered by n-6 and n-3 PUFA derived from oils rich in either linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA) or DHA. It has been shown that, compared with food-restricted rats refed a high-fat (lard) diet low in PUFA, those refed isoenergetically on diets enriched in LA or ALA, independently of the n-6:n-3 ratio, show improved insulin sensitivity, lower fat mass and higher lean mass, the magnitude of which is related to the proportion of total PUFA precursors (LA+ALA) consumed. These relationships are best fitted by quadratic regression models (r2>0·8, P < 0·001), with threshold values for an impact on body composition corresponding to PUFA precursors contributing 25–30 % of energy intake. Isoenergetic refeeding on high-fat diets enriched in AA or DHA also led to improved body composition, with increases in lean mass as predicted by the quadratic model for PUFA precursors, but decreases in fat mass, which are disproportionately greater than predicted values; insulin sensitivity, however, was not improved. These findings pertaining to the impact of dietary intake of PUFA precursors (LA and ALA) and their elongated–desaturated products (AA and DHA), on body composition and insulin sensitivity, provide important insights into the search for diets aimed at counteracting the pathophysiological consequences of catch-up growth. In particular, diets enriched in essential fatty acids (LA and/or ALA) markedly improve insulin sensitivity and composition of weight regained, independently of the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio.

scholarly journals Data mining: traditional spring festival associated with hypercholesterolemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danchen Wang ◽  
Yutong Zou ◽  
Honglei Li ◽  
Songlin Yu ◽  
Liangyu Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spring Festival ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract Background Serum lipid concentrations are affected by long-term high-fat diets; thus, we hypothesize that lipid levels increase after the Spring Festival in China. Method In total, 20,192 individuals (male: n=10,108, female: n=10,084) were enrolled in this retrospective cross-sectional study based on clinical data from the Laboratory Information System (LIS) and Hospital Information System (HIS) in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2014 to 2018. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were analyzed. Results The serum TC [male vs. female: (4.71 ± 0.90 vs. 4.56 ± 0.85) mmol/L], TG [male vs. female: (1.71 ± 1.56 vs. 1.02 ± 0.68) mmol/L], and LDL-C [male vs. female: (3.01 ± 0.77 vs. 2.73 ± 0.74) mmol/L] levels were significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.001); serum HDL-C [male vs. female: (1.18 ± 0.28 vs. 1.50 ± 0.34) mmol/L] was significantly lower in males (P < 0.001). In February, the TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were 8.4%, 16.3%, and 9.3% higher than the lowest levels recorded, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia of the two weeks before the Spring festival was significantly lower than that of the first week after the Spring festival (43.6% (168/385) vs. 54.1% (126/233), P=0.007). Additionally, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was statistically higher in the first week after the Spring Festival than in May–January. Conclusion Higher TC, TG, and LDL-C in winter could be associated with high-fat diets during the Spring Festival. The Spring Festival was immediately followed by a higher lipid concentrations. Thus, we don't recommend lipid assessment or physical examination immediately after the holiday especially Spring festival.

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