Localized adaptation processes in olfactory sensilla of Saturniid moths

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Zack Strausfeld ◽  
Karl-Ernst Kaissling
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Sensilla ◽  
Adaptation Processes

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of the Antennal Sensilla of the Afrotropical Sand Fly, Phlebotomus duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Bahia ◽  
Ana Beatriz F Barletta ◽  
Luciana Conceição Pinto ◽  
Alessandra S Orfanó ◽  
Rafael Nacif-Pimenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Olfactory Sensilla ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Phlebotomus Duboscqi ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Function Number

Abstract We investigated by scanning electron microscopy the morphology, distribution, and abundance of antennal sensilla of females Phlebotomus duboscqi sand fly, an important vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis at Afrotropical region. Thirteen well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among six types of cuticular sensilla. The probable function of these sensillary types is discussed in relation to their external structure and distribution. Five sensillary types were classified as olfactory sensilla, as they have specific morphological characters of sensilla with this function. Number and distribution of sensilla significantly differed between antennal segments. The results of the present work, besides corroborating in the expansion of the morphological and ultrastructural knowledge of P. duboscqi, can foment future electrophysiological studies for the development of volatile semiochemicals, to be used as attractants in traps for monitoring and selective vector control of this sand fly.

scholarly journals Addressing the challenges of climate-driven community-led resettlement and site expansion: knowledge sharing, storytelling, healing, and collaborative coalition building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Maldonado ◽  
Itzel Flores Castillo Wang ◽  
Fred Eningowuk ◽  
Lesley Iaukea ◽  
Aranzazu Lascurain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surges ◽  
Marshall Islands ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Adaptive Challenges ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Climate Events

AbstractPresently coastal areas globally are becoming unviable, with people no longer able to maintain livelihoods and settlements due to, for example, increasing floods, storm surges, coastal erosion, and sea level rise, yet there exist significant policy obstacles and practical and regulatory challenges to community-led and community-wide responses. For many receiving support only at the individual level for relocation or other adaptive responses, individual and community harm is perpetuated through the loss of culture and identity incurred through forced assimilation policies. Often, challenges dealt to frontline communities are founded on centuries of injustices. Can these challenges of both norms and policies be addressed? Can we develop socially, culturally, environmentally, and economically just sustainable adaptation processes that supports community responses, maintenance and evolution of traditions, and rejuvenates regenerative life-supporting ecosystems? This article brings together Indigenous community leaders, knowledge-holders, and allied collaborators from Louisiana, Hawai‘i, Alaska, Borikén/Puerto Rico, and the Marshall Islands, to share their stories and lived experiences of the relocation and other adaptive challenges in their homelands and territories, the obstacles posed by the state or regional governments in community adaptation efforts, ideas for transforming the research paradigm from expecting communities to answer scientific questions to having scientists address community priorities, and the healing processes that communities are employing. The contributors are connected through the Rising Voices Center for Indigenous and Earth Sciences, which brings together Indigenous, tribal, and community leaders, atmospheric, social, biological, and ecological scientists, students, educators, and other experts, and facilitates intercultural, relational-based approaches for understanding and adapting to extreme weather and climate events, climate variability, and climate change.

Fine structure of olfactory sensilla in myriapods and arachnids

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Tichy ◽  
Friedrich G. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Olfactory Sensilla

scholarly journals Assessing the usefulness of acute physiological responses following resistance exercise: sensitivity, magnitude of change, and time course of measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Jackman ◽  
Phillip G. Bell ◽  
Simone Gill ◽  
Ken van Someren ◽  
Gareth W. Davison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Exercise Stimulus ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9

A variety of strategies exist to modulate the acute physiological responses following resistance exercise aimed at enhancing recovery and/or adaptation processes. To assess the true impact of these strategies, it is important to know the ability of different measures to detect meaningful change. We investigated the sensitivity of measures used to quantify acute physiological responses to resistance exercise and constructed a physiological profile to characterise the magnitude of change and the time course of these responses. Eight males accustomed to regular resistance exercise performed experimental sessions during a “control week”, void of an exercise stimulus. The following week, termed the “exercise week”, participants repeated this sequence of experimental sessions, and they also performed a bout of lower-limb resistance exercise following the baseline assessments. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 2, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after the intervention. On the basis of the signal-to-noise ratio, the most sensitive measures were maximal voluntary isometric contraction, 20-m sprint, countermovement jump peak force, rate of force development (100–200 ms), muscle soreness, Daily Analysis Of Life Demands For Athletes part B, limb girth, matrix metalloproteinase-9, interleukin-6, creatine kinase, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with ratios >1.5. Clear changes in these measures following resistance exercise were determined via magnitude-based inferences. These findings highlight measures that can detect real changes in acute physiological responses following resistance exercise in trained individuals. Researchers investigating strategies to manipulate acute physiological responses for recovery and/or adaptation can use these measures, as well as the recommended sampling points, to be confident that their interventions are making a worthwhile impact.

scholarly journals Exploring methodological approaches to assess climate change vulnerability and adaptation: reflections from using life history approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2667-2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandni Singh ◽  
Mark Tebboth ◽  
Dian Spear ◽  
Prince Ansah ◽  
Adelina Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Life History ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
Multiple Risks ◽  
Assess Climate Change ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Response Decisions ◽  
Adaptation Processes

AbstractPeople in developing countries face multiple risks, and their response decisions sit at the complex and often opaque interface of climatic stressors, constrained resource access, and changing livelihoods, social structures, and personal aspirations. Many risk management studies use a well-established toolkit of methodologies—household surveys, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews. We argue that such methodological conservatism tends to neglect the dynamic and differentiated nature of livelihood decisions. Since different methodologies privilege different portrayals of risk and response, we highlight how plural methodological approaches can capture a broader range of perspectives and problematisations. In this paper, we draw on life history (LH) interviews across four countries (Kenya, Namibia, Ghana, and India) to offer one way of expanding current methodological approaches on vulnerability and adaptation. We argue that LHs offer four key ‘value additions’. First, LHs give insights into the multiple and interacting nature of drivers of response behaviour. Second, they highlight intra-household dynamics to demonstrate how people with differential power shape risk management decisions. Third, LHs support explorations of past decisions, present situations, and future aspirations, thus producing temporally nuanced enquiries. Fourth, they provide a powerful analytical lens to capture the interplay of motivations, aspirations, and values on livelihood choices and adaptation outcomes. By adding value in these four ways, LHs challenge assumptions about how and why people respond to multiple risks and offer a nuanced understanding of adaptation processes.

scholarly journals Investigating the Concerns of First-Time Distance Education Instructors

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Kayaduman ◽  
Turgay Demirel
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Stages Of Concern ◽  
Concerns Based Adoption Model ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ongoing Concern

The purpose of the study is to investigate the concern developments of first-time distance education instructors using the concerns-based adoption model (CBAM). This study used stages of concern (SoC), a component of CBAM, as its theoretical framework. A descriptive case study was implemented, which focused on the adaptation processes of nine instructors lecturing for the first time via distance education. The instructors attended a two-day training, which was designed based on their initial concerns. Then instructors implemented their courses for four weeks via distance education. While the informational and personal stages (self-concerns) decreased compared to the initial findings, the consequence stage increased in intensity. However, self-concerns remained predominant in the process despite the reduction in self-concerns and increase in the consequence stage. Based on the findings, the implications for distance education and recommendations for addressing the instructors’ concerns are discussed. Recommendations for alleviating the concerns of first-time distance education instructors include: the provision of ongoing concern-based interventions that incorporate technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge; providing working examples related to distance education from which instructors can learn vicariously; and encouraging collaboration among instructors.

Dark-adaptation processes in the rhodopsin rods of the frog's retina

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.O. Donner ◽  
Tom Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Processes

scholarly journals Urban debates for climate change after the Kyoto Protocol

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Tu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Living Will ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Adaptation Processes

From the catalogue of environment-related publications in Urban Studies, this paper identifies and reviews 12 thought-provoking articles that have addressed the issue of climate changes and cities from complementary perspectives. It argues that to advance a holistic understanding of urban environmental issues it is necessary to embrace a broad multi-disciplinary approach, particularly as moving towards low carbon urban living will require integrated social, political and technical adaptation processes. Ultimately, the paper advances a forward-looking research agenda that extends beyond consideration of how to improve urban environmental performance to include evaluation of how urban consumers, firms and local government endeavour to achieve sustainable urban development.

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