Morphological Characterization of the Antennal Sensilla of the Afrotropical Sand Fly, Phlebotomus duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Abstract We investigated by scanning electron microscopy the morphology, distribution, and abundance of antennal sensilla of females Phlebotomus duboscqi sand fly, an important vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis at Afrotropical region. Thirteen well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among six types of cuticular sensilla. The probable function of these sensillary types is discussed in relation to their external structure and distribution. Five sensillary types were classified as olfactory sensilla, as they have specific morphological characters of sensilla with this function. Number and distribution of sensilla significantly differed between antennal segments. The results of the present work, besides corroborating in the expansion of the morphological and ultrastructural knowledge of P. duboscqi, can foment future electrophysiological studies for the development of volatile semiochemicals, to be used as attractants in traps for monitoring and selective vector control of this sand fly.

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Corrigendum to: Morphological Characterization of the Antennal Sensilla of the Afrotropical Sand Fly, Phlebotomus duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjab185 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Bahia ◽

Ana Beatriz F Barletta ◽

Luciana Conceição Pinto ◽

Alessandra S Orfanó ◽

Rafael Nacif-Pimenta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characterization ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Antennal Sensilla ◽

Phlebotomus Duboscqi

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Ultrastructure of the Antennae and Sensilla of Nyssomyia intermedia (Diptera: Psychodidae), Vector of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 1722-1734

Author(s):

Fernando de Freitas Fernandes ◽

Ana Beatriz F Barletta ◽

Alessandra S Orfanó ◽

Luciana C Pinto ◽

Rafael Nacif-Pimenta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Olfactory Sensilla ◽

American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Single Sensillum ◽

Electrophysiological Studies ◽

Alternative Measures ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

And Control ◽

The City

Abstract The antennal sensilla and the antenna of females Nyssomyia intermedia, one of the main vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The main goal was to characterize the quantity, typology, and topography of the sensilla with particular attention to the olfactory types. The insects were captured in the city of Corte de Pedra, State of Bahia, Brazil, by CDC-type light traps and raised in a laboratory as a new colony. Fourteen well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among six cuticular types: trichoidea, campaniformia, squamiformia, basiconica, chaetica, and coeloconica. Of these, six sensilla were classified as olfactory sensilla due to their specific morphological features. Smaller noninnervated pilosities of microtrichiae type were also evidenced by covering all antennal segments. The antennal segments differ in shapes and sizes, and the amount and distribution of types and subtypes of sensilla. This study may foment future taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis for a better evolutionary understanding of the sand flies. Besides, it may assist the targeting of future electrophysiological studies by Single Sensillum Recording, and aim to develop alternative measures of monitoring and control of this vector.

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Distribution and Diversity of Sand Fly Species (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Two Geoclimatic Zones of Chad

10.21203/rs.3.rs-783406/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Israel DEMBA KODINDO ◽

Demba Kodindo Israël ◽

Cheick Amadou Coulibaly ◽

Ibrahim Moussa Sissoko ◽

Bourama Traoré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Canine Leishmaniasis ◽

Phlebotomus Duboscqi ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Study Sites ◽

Health Districts

Abstract Introduction: Leishmaniasis transmitted by sandflies is an important vector-borne disease. In Chad, information on sandflies is outdated, and so this study was designed to update the sandfly fauna. Methods: Sandflies were collected in five health districts representing two geoclimatic zones using sticky traps and pyrethrum sprays in indoor and peridomestic habitats between September 2019 and December 2020. All collected sandfly specimens were identified based on species-level morphological characters. Results: A total of 2,015 specimens belonging to 13 species of sandflies (one Phlebotomus and twelve Sergentomyia) were collected and identified. The vector of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, Phlebotomus duboscqi, represents 0.65% of all collected sandflies and is the only representative of the Phlebotomus genus to be collected predominantly inside human dwellings. Phlebotomus orientalis, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis previously collected in Chad in 1976 was not found in this study. Sergentomyia clydei, Sergentomyia schwetzi, Sergentomyia antennata and Sergentomyia africana were the most abundant species collected with 44.71%; 22.73%; 16.03% and 11.17%, respectively. Sergentomyia schwetzi and Sergentomyia dubia, the two species involved in the transmission of canine leishmaniasis, were found in five and four study sites respectively. Conclusion: According to our results, the sandfly fauna of the two geoclimatic zones of Chad is comprised of 13 species. Our data showed that, unlike P. orientalis which was not found, P. duboscqi is present in four of the five sites surveyed. Therefore, these areas are at risk and remain potential foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, the need for further studies such as vector species detection, their seasonal fluctuations and their vector competence.

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Distribution and Diversity of Sand Fly Species (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Two Geoclimatic Zones of Chad

Frontiers in Tropical Diseases ◽

10.3389/fitd.2021.762295 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Demba Kodindo Israël ◽

Cheick Amadou Coulibaly ◽

Ibrahim Moussa Sissoko ◽

Bourama Traoré ◽

André B. B. Wilke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Canine Leishmaniasis ◽

Phlebotomus Duboscqi ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Study Sites ◽

Health Districts

Leishmaniasis transmitted by sandflies is an important vector-borne disease. In Chad, information on sandflies is outdated, and so this study was designed to update the sandfly fauna. Sandflies were collected in five health districts representing two geoclimatic zones using sticky traps and pyrethrum sprays in indoor and peridomestic habitats between September 2019 and December 2020. All collected sandfly specimens were identified based on species-level morphological characters. A total of 2,015 specimens belonging to 13 species of sandflies (one Phlebotomus and twelve Sergentomyia) were collected and identified. The vector of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, Phlebotomus duboscqi, represents 0.65% of all collected sandflies and is the only representative of the Phlebotomus genus to be collected predominantly inside human dwellings. Phlebotomus orientalis, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis previously collected in Chad in 1976 was not found in this study. Sergentomyia clydei, Sergentomyia schwetzi, Sergentomyia antennata and Sergentomyia africana were the most abundant species collected with 44.71%; 22.73%; 16.03% and 11.17%, respectively. Sergentomyia schwetzi and Sergentomyia dubia, the two species involved in the transmission of canine leishmaniasis, were found in five and four study sites respectively. According to our results, the sandfly fauna of the two geoclimatic zones of Chad is comprised of 13 species. Our data showed that, unlike P. orientalis which was not found, P. duboscqi is present in four of the five sites surveyed. Therefore, these areas are at risk and remain potential foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, the need for further studies such as vector species detection, their seasonal fluctuations and their vector competence.

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A sand fly salivary protein vaccine shows efficacy against vector-transmitted cutaneous leishmaniasis in nonhuman primates

Science Translational Medicine ◽

10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa3043 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (290) ◽

pp. 290ra90-290ra90 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Fabiano Oliveira ◽

Edgar Rowton ◽

Hamide Aslan ◽

Regis Gomes ◽

Philip A. Castrovinci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Nonhuman Primates ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Parasite Burden ◽

Salivary Protein ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Protein Vaccine ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Phlebotomus Duboscqi

Currently, there are no commercially available human vaccines against leishmaniasis. In rodents, cellular immunity to salivary proteins of sand fly vectors is associated to protection against leishmaniasis, making them worthy targets for further exploration as vaccines. We demonstrate that nonhuman primates (NHP) exposed to Phlebotomus duboscqi uninfected sand fly bites or immunized with salivary protein PdSP15 are protected against cutaneous leishmaniasis initiated by infected bites. Uninfected sand fly–exposed and 7 of 10 PdSP15-immunized rhesus macaques displayed a significant reduction in disease and parasite burden compared to controls. Protection correlated to the early appearance of Leishmania-specific CD4+IFN-γ+ lymphocytes, suggesting that immunity to saliva or PdSP15 augments the host immune response to the parasites while maintaining minimal pathology. Notably, the 30% unprotected PdSP15-immunized NHP developed neither immunity to PdSP15 nor an accelerated Leishmania-specific immunity. Sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals naturally exposed to P. duboscqi bites recognized PdSP15, demonstrating its immunogenicity in humans. PdSP15 sequence and structure show no homology to mammalian proteins, further demonstrating its potential as a component of a vaccine for human leishmaniasis.

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Transmission electron microscopic study of antennal sensilla of the female black fly, Simulium arcticum (IIL-3; IIS-10.11) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z90-215 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (7) ◽

pp. 1443-1453 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. F. Sutcliffe ◽

E. G. Kokko ◽

J. L. Shipp

Keyword(s):

Electron Micrographs ◽

Host Location ◽

Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽

Antennal Sensilla ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Olfactory Sensilla ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopic Study ◽

Sensilla Trichodea ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopic

The innervation and internal ultrastructure of the antennal flagellar sensilla of female Simulium arcticum (cytotypes IIL-3 and IIS-10.11) are described from transmission electron micrographs. Two types of contact chemosensilla and at least four types of olfactory sensilla (sensilla trichodea, two or more types of sensilla basiconica, grooved pegs) were found. These correspond to sensillar types previously described from scanning electron micrographs of the antennae of these species. In addition, possible thermo- and hygro-receptive sensilla coeloconica are described from the antennal tip. The sensory complement of the simuliid antenna is compared with those of certain other dipterans, and possible roles of these sensilla in host location and other behaviours are discussed.

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Comparative Study of Antennal Sensilla of Corixidae and Micronectidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Corixoidea)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11110734 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 734

Author(s):

Agnieszka Nowińska ◽

Ping-ping Chen ◽

Jolanta Brożek

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Systematic Position ◽

Antennal Sensilla ◽

The Third ◽

Sensilla Trichodea ◽

The Family ◽

Distributional Patterns ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Eleven Species

The goal of this study was to analyze the types and distributional patterns of sensilla in Corixoidea, which is part of the approach to the phylogeny study of Nepomorpha, based on the morphological characters of sensilla. This paper presents the results of the study, with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), on the antennae of species from the families Corixidae and Micronectidae. The antennal sensilla of eleven species from Corixidae and two species from Micronectidae were studied. Five main types of sensilla with several subtypes of sensilla trichodea were found and described. The study has shown that the family Corixidae has a strong uniformity when it comes to antennal sensilla (similar patterns of sensilla trichodea and basiconica), and a similarity to the types and distributions of sensilla in two species of the family Micronectidae. However, significant differences between the families were also discovered (differences in sensilla presence on the first and second antennomeres, lack of sensilla coeloconica on the third antennomere in Micronectidae), which leads to a supportive conclusion of the systematic position of Micronectidae as a family.

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Relationships among cultivated peas and their wild relatives: Molecular and morphological characterization

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v48i4.49041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 1011-1019

Author(s):

Fatih Hanci ◽

Esra Cebeci

Keyword(s):

Molecular Study ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Ssr Loci ◽

Taxonomic Groups ◽

Clustering Pattern ◽

Polymorphism Level ◽

Different Sources ◽

Simple Sequence

This study was conducted to determine relationship between some wild pea accessions (Pisum fulvum L., P. abyssinicum L., P. sativum var. elatius), local varieties (P. sativum var. sativum L. and P. sativum var. arvense L.) and commercial varieties “Boogie” and “Rondo”. The genetic diversity was evaluated with 14 simple sequence repeat markers and 50 morphological characters. The results of morphology indicated that, genotypes showed a clustering pattern based on the taxonomic groups when considering only flower characters and all morphological characters. During the molecular study, a total of 48 alleles were obtained. Used all primers showed polymorphism in accessions. The number of alleles varied between 2 - 6 among 14 SSR loci revealing the polymorphism level of markers. Similarity coefficient (Dice’s) ranged from 0.100 to 0.800 with an average of 0.378. A dendrogram grouped the 15 genotypes into two main clusters. This information can be utilized for genetic analysis, genotype identification from different sources and development of improved germplasm.

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MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHROMOSOMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ORCHID Peristylus goodyeroides Lindl. FROM CURUG SETAWING, KULONPROGO

Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA ◽

10.26418/jpmipa.v12i2.41811 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Febri Yuda Kurniawan ◽

Anindita Della Rosa Riyadi

Keyword(s):

Leaf Shape ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Observation Data ◽

Chromosome Configuration ◽

Telocentric Chromosomes ◽

Leaf Arrangement ◽

Karyotype Formula

Peristylus goodyeroides is a terestrial orchid that scattered around Southeast Asia. Morphological characters of P. goodyeroides can vary, depending on the ecological factors and habitat. Cytological characters in the form of chromosome configurations can be used as a taxonomic tool for the process of identifying and understanding variations in taxa. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological characters and chromosome configuration of the P. goodyeroides from Curug Setawing, Kulonprogo. The method used was morphological characterization and plant chromosome preparation by squash method with the main steps of fixation, maceration, staining and observation. Data were analyzed with the help of Image raster 3, Corel Draw X7, and Microsoft Excel 2013. P. goodyeroides from Curug Setawing has the morphological characters of root tubers, cylindrical stems, ovate leaf shape, convolutive leaf arrangement and creamy white flowers. The orchid has a number of chromosomes 2n = 10 with a karyotype formula of 2n = 2x = 8m + 2t. Metacentric chromosomes are found on chromosomes 1-8 and telocentric chromosomes 9-10. The absolute arm length of the chromosomes has a range of 2.03-3.44 μm, the relative arm length of the chromosomes is 2.21-3.32 μm, the length of the p arm is 1.13-1.58 μm and the q arm is 1.23-2.12 μm.

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Ablechroiulus spelaeus sp. n. and A. dudichi Andrássy, 1970 from Andalucía Oriental, Spain, with a discussion of the taxonomy of the genus Ablechroiulus Andrássy, 1966 (Nematoda, Rhabditida, Rhabditidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2922.1.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2922 (1) ◽

Author(s):

JOAQUÍN ABOLAFIA ◽

REYES PEÑA-SANTIAGO

Keyword(s):

Iberian Peninsula ◽

Body Length ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

The North ◽

Female Tail ◽

Historical Outline ◽

The Status ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

Nearly Continuous

One new and one known (but uncommon) species of the genus Ablechroiulus are described and illustrated from natural areas in the Iberian Peninsula. Ablechroiulus spelaeus sp. n. is characterized by having body length 0.81–1.48 mm in females and 0.74–1.20 mm in males, lip region nearly continuous and 9–13 μm wide, stoma 23–29 µm long or 1.8–2.7 times the lip region width, neck 166-265 μm long, metacorpus well differentiated, oviduct with a small sac, V = 55–59, female tail (51–60 µm, c = 14–25, c' = 1.9–2.7) with two marked sections, male tail (52, 58 µm, c = 14.3, 20.7, c' = 2.0) with filiform posterior part, bursa leptoderan and with nine pairs of papillae (1+2/1+2+1+2), spicules 40, 44 µm long having a terminal protuberance, and gubernaculum 20, 24 µm long. Furthermore, one female of A. dudichi Andrássy, 1970 is described from the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Descriptions, measurements and illustrations are presented for the two species, and SEM pictures are provided for A. spelaeus sp. n. The identity of Ablechroiulus is discussed, including a historical outline, its morphological characterization, and a discussion on the status of several of its species. An emended diagnosis of the genus is provided as well as a list of its species and a key to their identification.

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