scholarly journals Blastomyces helicus, a New Dimorphic Fungus Causing Fatal Pulmonary and Systemic Disease in Humans and Animals in Western Canada and the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan S Schwartz ◽  
Nathan P Wiederhold ◽  
Kimberly E Hanson ◽  
Thomas F Patterson ◽  
Lynne Sigler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus

scholarly journals First Report of Phytophthora infestans Genotype US23 Causing Late Blight in Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Kawchuk ◽  
R. J. Howard ◽  
R. D. Peters ◽  
K. I. Al-Mughrabi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Metalaxyl Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Late blight is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and is one of the most devastating diseases of potato and tomato. Late blight occurs in all major potato- and tomato-growing regions of Canada. Its incidence in North America increased during 2009 and 2010 (2). Foliar disease symptoms appeared earlier than usual (June rather than July) and coincided with the identification of several new P. infestans genotypes in the United States, each with unique characteristics. Prior to 2007, isolates collected from potato and tomato crops were mainly US8 or US11 genotypes (1). However, P. infestans populations in the United States have recently experienced a major genetic evolution, producing isolates with unique genotypes and epidemiological characteristics in Florida and throughout the northeastern states (2). Recent discoveries of tomato transplants with late blight for sale at Canadian retail outlets prompted an examination of the genotypes inadvertently being distributed and causing disease in commercial production areas in Canada. Analysis of isolates of P. infestans from across Canada in 2010 identified the US23 genotype for the first time from each of the four western provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia) but not from eastern Canada. Allozyme banding patterns at the glucose phosphate isomerase (Gpi) locus indicated a 100/100 profile consistent with US6 and US23 genotypes (4). Mating type assays confirmed the isolates to be A1 and in vivo metalaxyl sensitivity was observed. Restriction fragment length polymorphic analysis of 50 isolates from western Canada with the multilocus RG57 sequence and EcoRI produced the DNA pattern 1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 13, 14, 17, 20, 21, 24, 24a, 25 that was indicative of US23 (3). The recently described P. infestans genotype US23 appears to be more aggressive on tomato, and although isolates were recovered from both tomato and potato, disease symptoms were often more severe on tomato. Results indicate that movement and evolution of new P. infestans genotypes have contributed to the increased incidence of late blight and that movement of the pathogen on retail plantlets nationally and internationally may provide an additional early season source of inoculum. A major concern is that the introduced new A1 populations in western Canada have established a dichotomy with the endogenous A2 populations in eastern Canada, increasing the potential for sexual recombination producing oospores and additional genotypes should these populations merge. References: (1) Q. Chen et al. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:9, 2003. (2) K. Deahl. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 100(suppl.):S161, 2010. (3) S. B. Goodwin et al. Curr. Genet. 22:107, 1992. (4) S. B. Goodwin et al. Phytopathology 88:939, 2004.

scholarly journals An Adult Loa loa Worm in the Upper Eyelid: An Atypical Presentation of Loiasis in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Linnet Rodriguez ◽  
Julia Michelle White ◽  
Nikisha Q. Richards ◽  
Alan X. You ◽  
Natario L. Couser
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Endemic Diseases

Purpose. To report a case of ocular involvement of Loa loa parasite. Observations. We present a rare case report of a Loiasis diagnosed in the United States from a patient presenting with subcutaneous migration of an adult worm within an eyelid who was found to have systemic disease with microfilaria in his blood. This is the second report in the United States and the eighth case in published literature worldwide. Conclusions and Importance. Due to the relatively mild disease course, Loiasis is relatively ignored in public health in low resource health districts. Understandably, the focus of public health in endemic areas must focus on basic health needs like malnutrition and diseases that entail a greater disease burden. As globalization has increased the amount of trade of physical goods, the effect of immigration also has implications for the spread of infectious disease. Medical practitioners in the United States should be aware of endemic diseases from foreign lands.

ROOSTING, PERCHING, AND HABITAT SELECTION IN ARGIA VIVIDA HAGEN AND AMPHIAGRION ABBREVIATUM (SELYS) (ODONATA: COENAGRIONIDAE), TWO DAMSELFLIES INHABITING GEOTHERMAL SPRINGS

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Pritchard ◽  
Andrea Kortello
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Temperature Conductivity

AbstractAlthough Amphiagrion abbreviatum (Selys) and Argia vivida Hagen often occur at the same geothermally heated springs in western Canada and the United States, they differ markedly in their abundance at any particular site. There is no relationship between crude data on water temperature, conductivity, or aquatic vegetation and the relative abundance of the two species, but there is a striking correlation with presence or absence of trees. The absence of A. abbreviatum from heavily treed areas is associated with the paucity of suitable daytime perching sites, and there may be competitive pressure exerted by A. vivida for the perching sites that are available. Argia vivida does not live at open sites because it requires trees for night-time roosts. Argia vivida roosted higher than A. abbreviatum in cages and held the body at a greater angle from the cage wall. The roosting posture of A. vivida is probably related to interception of solar radiation in the morning, and the body positions of both species possibly provide defence against predation.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Characterization of Salmonella Dublin Isolates in Cattle from the United States.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Srednik ◽  
Kristina Lantz ◽  
Jessica A Hicks ◽  
Brenda R Morningstar-Shaw ◽  
Tonya A Mackie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Salmonella Dublin ◽  
Genomic Characterization

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Dublin is a host-adapted serotype in cattle, associated with enteritis and systemic disease. While rare in humans, it can cause severe illness, including bacteremia, with hospitalization and death. In the United States, S. Dublin has become one of the most multidrug-resistant serotypes . The objective of this study was to characterize S. Dublin isolates from sick cattle by analyzing phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, the presence of plasmids, and phylogenetic relationships. S. Dublin isolates (n=140) were selected from submissions to the NVSL for Salmonella serotyping (2014 – 2017) from 21 states. Isolates were tested for susceptibility against 14 class-representative antimicrobial drugs. Resistance profiles were determined using the ABRicate with Resfinder and NCBI databases, AMRFinder and PointFinder. Plasmids were detected using ABRicate with PlasmidFinder. Phylogeny was determined using vSNP. We found 98% of the isolates were resistant to more than 4 antimicrobials . Only 1 isolate was pan-susceptible and had no predicted AMR genes. All S. Dublin isolates were susceptible to azithromycin and meropenem. They showed 96% resistance to sulfonamides, 97% to tetracyclines, 95% to aminoglycosides and 85% to beta-lactams . The most common AMR genes were: sulf2 and tetA (98.6%), aph(3'')-Ib and aph(6)-Id (96.4%), floR (94.3%), and blaCMY-2 (85.7%). All quinolone resistant isolates presented mutations in gyr A. Ten plasmid types were identified among all isolates with IncA/C2, IncX1, and IncFII(S) being the most frequent. The S. Dublin isolates show low genomic genetic diversity. This study provided antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic insight into S . Dublin clinical isolates from cattle in the U.S. Further sequence analysis integrating food and human origin S . Dublin isolates may provide valuable insight on increased virulence observed in humans.

Innovative PLC Design Concepts for Petroleum Pipeline and Terminal System

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold L. Rivera ◽  
Darren C. Day
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Niagara Falls ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Lateral Lines ◽  
The U.S

Enbridge Inc. operates the world’s longest crude oil and refined liquids pipeline system. The company owns and operates Enbridge Pipelines Inc. (the Canadian portion of the Enbridge crude oil mainline) and a variety of affiliated pipelines in Canada and the United States. It also has approximately, a 12% interest in Enbridge Energy Partners, L.P. which owns the Lakehead Pipeline System in the United States. These pipeline systems have operated for over 50 years and now comprise approximately 15,000 kilometers (9,000 miles) of pipeline, delivering more than 2.2 million barrels per day of crude oil and refined liquids. The combination of the Enbridge System in Canada and the Lakehead System in the United States brings together the primary transporter of crude oil from Canada into the United States. It is also the only pipeline that transports crude oil from Western Canada to Eastern North America, serving all of the major refining centres in the province of Ontario as well as the Great Lakes region of the United States. The system consists of approximately 9000 kilometers (5,600 miles) of mainline pipe in Canada, and 5300 kilometers (3,300 miles) of mainline pipe in the United States. The Canadian portion of the pipeline system extends from Edmonton, Alberta as the primary initiating facility, across the Canadian prairies to the U.S. border near Gretna, Manitoba. It continues again from the U.S. border near Sarnia, Ontario, to Toronto, Ontario, and Montreal, Quebec, with lateral lines to Nanticoke, Ontario, and Niagara Falls, Ontario. The total length of the pipeline right-of-way is nearly 2300 kilometers (1,400 miles).

scholarly journals Resurgence of Syphilis in the United States: An Assessment of Contributing Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117863371988328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Schmidt ◽  
Paul James Carson ◽  
Rick J Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Effective Prevention

In the last decade, there has been a marked resurgence of syphilis in the United States despite the availability of effective treatments and previously reliable prevention strategies. The majority of cases are among the population of men who have sex with men (MSM); however, there has also been a recent increase among premenopausal women, coinciding with a concerning rise of congenital cases. The resurgence of syphilis can be largely attributed to changing social and behavioral factors, especially among young MSM. The biological association of syphilis with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and acquisition is particularly alarming because of the increased individual and healthcare burden. In addition, some individual actions and public health efforts that are meant to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV may actually lead to risk compensation that facilitates the transmission of syphilis. Untreated syphilis is associated with detrimental health outcomes; therefore, both effective prevention strategies and treatment of this systemic disease have important short-term and long-term public health implications. This article offers a review of social and behavioral factors contributing to the current resurgence and recommendations for reducing syphilis incidence through medical and public health prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Blastomycosis in a Young African Man Presenting with a Pleural Effusion

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
GG Alvarez ◽  
BF Burns ◽  
M Desjardins ◽  
SR Salahudeen ◽  
F AlRashidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Unusual Occurrence ◽  
Chronic Pneumonia

Blastomyces dermatitidisis a dimorphic fungus endemic to northwestern Ontario, Manitoba and some parts of the United States. The fungus is also endemic to parts of Africa. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary findings of a 24-year-old African man who presented with weight loss, dry cough and chronic pneumonia not resolving with antibiotic treatment are presented. The unusual occurrence of pulmonary blastomycosis associated with skin lesions and a moderate pleural effusion is reported.

The genus Gastrosporium in North America

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-368
Author(s):  
Orson K. Miller Jr. ◽  
W. Blain Askew
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Calcium Deposits

Calvatia defodiodis Lloyd (Disciseda defodiodis (Lloyd) Zeller) has been found to be conspecific with Gastrosporium simplex Matt. Previously known only from Europe, G. simplex is reported from western Canada and the United States. Distinctive features are the low warted surface of the spores, distinctive calcium deposits in the exoperidium, a gelatinized endoperidium, and a paracapillitium with clamp connections. Information on its known range in North America, microhabitats in which it grows, and its relationship to other Gasteromycetes is presented.

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