Automated Quantitative Immunochemical Analysis of Human Immunoglobulins

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1364-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Markowitz ◽  
A R Tschida
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Immunochemical Analysis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Human Immunoglobulins ◽  
Precise Estimation ◽  
Manual Methods

Abstract A commercial automated continuous-flow procedure for estimating specific serum proteins has been evaluated for use in determination of IgG, IgA, IgM (both 19S and 7S), α1-antitrypsin, and cerebrospinal fluid proteins. Results of the automated procedure correlate well with manual methods, but are much more precise. Estimation of 7S IgM by the automated method is more accurate than estimation by radial immunodiffusion, because concentrations of 7S IgM are not spuriously elevated.

Automated Fluoride Ion Determination

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Cowell
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Electrode Response ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Flow Techniques

An automated method is described, using standard continuous flow techniques, for the determination of urine fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. It is shown that the kinetics of the electrode response to changes in fluoride ion can be used for the accurate measurement of fluoride ion concentration in urine, and that equilibration of the electrode response is not a prerequisite for the measurement of fluoride ion. Recovery experiments are in the range 83 to 90%; in-batch precision is between 0·9 and 1·6% and carryover 2·5% or less.

Automated Method for the Analysis of Riboflavin in Milk, with Application to Other Selected Foods

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085-1088
Author(s):  
James R Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Green Fluorescence ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Sodium Hydrosulfite ◽  
Automated Technique ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract A continuous flow automated technique was developed for the determination of riboflavin in milk. The determination is based on the measurement of the natural yellow-green fluorescence of riboflavin at an excitation of 436 nm and emission of 510 nm. Blank values are determined for each sample after sodium hydrosulfite reduction of the riboflavin. Mean recovery and standard deviation for riboflavin in milk determined by the continuous flow procedure using internal standards were 9 7% and ± 2.42%, respectively. The recovery value was in good agreement with that determined using a manual procedure, while the standard deviation was 33% less than that found when using the manual procedure. The results from this study indicate that the continuous flow automated procedure for the determination of riboflavin in milk is a simple, quantitative method which eliminates many of the time-consuming analytical steps.

Optimizing Nephelometric Measurement of Specific Serum Proteins: Evaluation of Three Diluents

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1548-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M Killingsworth ◽  
Gregory J Buffone ◽  
Meena B Sonawane ◽  
Glennie C Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
State Approximation ◽  
Α2 Macroglobulin ◽  
Steady State Approximation

Abstract Three diluents were studied, to determine which is the best for the automated immunochemical measurement of specific serum proteins. Nine serum proteins (orosomucoid, α1-antitrypsin, α2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, transferrin, C3, IgG, IgA, and IgM) were measured in physiological saline (9 g NaCI/liter), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer (0.01 mol/liter; pH 7.4), and physiological saline containing polyethylene glycol ("PEG 6000," 40 g/liter). Criteria were: reaction rate, analysis rate, carryover between samples, steady-state approximation, precision, and correlation with other methods. Saline containing polyethylene giycol is the best of the three diluents for use in continuous-flow nephelometric analysis of serum proteins.

A Semi-Automated Method for the Determination of Ammonia in Urine using the Nessler Reaction

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Zinc Hydroxide ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis ◽  
Analar Grade ◽  
Analysis System

Species in urine which were likely to interfere with the determination of ammonia by Nesslerisation were adsorbed onto a precipitate of zinc hydroxide formed in situ in each sample. The ammonia concentrations in the subsequent supernatant solutions were measured using the Nessler method, adapted for use on a continuous flow analysis system. These measurements were made against a series of standards prepared from Analar grade ammonium chloride. The accuracy, reproducibility, and sensitivity of this adaptation were examined and were found to be within acceptable limits.

Determination of Uric Acid

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 838-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard V Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Protein Precipitation ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Manual Methods

Abstract An automated method is described for the determination of uric acid by a carbonate method. Since uric acid is separated from proteins by dialysis, the loss of uric acid due to protein precipitation in manual methods is avoided. There is no appreciable interference from salicylates, high levels of blood sugar, or ascorbic acid. The method shows an acceptable correlation with the uricase method.

scholarly journals Comparison of an Automated Fluorimetric Method with Two Manual Methods for the Determination of Pregnancy Oestrogens

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 141-142
Author(s):  
G. G. Muir ◽  
P. Scott ◽  
M. Ryan ◽  
V. Bone
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Demand ◽  
Fluorimetric Method ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Manual Methods

Three methods of determining urinary oestrogens are compared. Manual methods are better for intermittent demand but an automated method is desirable when more than 50 analyses per week are required.

Automated Simultaneous Turbidimetric Determination of Cholesterol in β- and pre-β-Lipoproteins

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 994-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lopez ◽  
R Vial ◽  
L Gremillion ◽  
L Bell
Keyword(s):  
Mass Screening ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Manual Methods

Abstract An automated method is described for simultaneously determining cholesterol in serum β- and pre-β-lipoprotein fractions. This fast, reproducible, accurate method depends on the ability of β- and pre-β-lipoproteins to form insoluble complexes with polyanionic polysaccharides such as heparin. Values obtained by this method and by similar manual methods described in the literature agree well. This method is extremely useful in mass screening for hyperlipidemias; in certain cases it may be more useful than the determination of only cholesterol or triglycerides.

Continuous-flow assay with immobilized enzymes for determining of inorganic phosphate in serum

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Luque de Castro ◽  
R Quiles ◽  
J M Fernández-Romero ◽  
E Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection Analysis ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Method R

Abstract An automated method for the determination of inorganic phosphate based on flow-injection analysis and on the use of immobilized enzymes is reported. The method features a linear range between 0.1 and 20 mumol/L with a CV < 2.1% and 3.4% for the within-run and between-run studies, respectively, and a sampling throughput of 40 h-1. The sensitivity of the method makes a 1:250 dilution of the serum samples feasible, thus making undetectable the interferences from analytes commonly present in serum. The method shows an excellent correlation with conventional automated analyzers based on the same enzymatic reaction (Hitachi, r = 0.988) but with the catalyst in solution, and with the Kodak Ektachem method (r = 0.974) based on the use of dry reagents and formation of the phosphomolybdo heteropolyacid.

An Automated Micromethod for Determination of Serum Glucose, with an Improved o-Toluidine Reagent

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wells R Moorehead ◽  
Edward A Sasse
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Beer's Law ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Reducing Properties

Abstract An automated method has been developed in which a new o-toluidine reagent is used for the microanalysis of glucose. The reagent is 1.3 times as sensitive as the o-toluidine reagent commonly used in manual procedures. The reagent does not significantly alter the life expectancy of manifold tubing made of polyvinyl chloride. The automation includes a dialysis step and possesses the desirable features of the manual methods, including the greater specificity as compared with methods based on reducing properties. Results of this automated method obey Beer’s law, are very reproducible (the coefficient of variation is approximately 1.5%), and are not significantly different from those obtained manually. The method requires 75 µl of sample.

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