Computer-Controlled Instrument System for Sequential Clinical Chemical Testing. II. Evaluation of Instrumental Performance

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1122-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Clifford Toren ◽  
Stephen A Mohr ◽  
Michael G Busby ◽  
George S Cembrowski
Keyword(s):  
Individual Component ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Instrumental System ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Chemical Testing ◽  
Automated Modes ◽  
Excellent Accuracy

Abstract The instrumental system described [Clin. Chem.19, 1114 (1973)] is evaluated in manual, partially automated, and totally automated modes to measure system and individual component performance. Excellent accuracy and precision were observed, hence the system is judged suitable for most analytical applications. Results are: wavelength accuracy and reproducibility in automated mode: ±0.004 nm and ±0.1 nm, respectively; photometric accuracy and precision: ca. 0.8% relative and ±0.007 A, respectively, in both the manual and automated modes; and ratemeter accuracy and precision: ±0.4% relative and ±0.873 (SD) mV/min (or mA/ min), respectively, for standard synthetic ramps and ±1.2% relative and ±2.2 (SD) mV/min, respectively, under actual laboratory conditions for rates in the range of 1 to 200 mV/min. Automated experiments are made without human intervention after the samples are loaded.

Computer-Controlled Instrument System for Sequential Clinical Chemical Testing. I. Instrumentation and System Features

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1114-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Clifford Toren ◽  
R Neill Carey ◽  
George S Cembrowski ◽  
James A Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Controlled System ◽  
User Control ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Analytical Potential ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
External Equipment ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Chemical Testing

Abstract Instrumentation and software of a computer-controlled system for analytical chemistry is described, which will: (a) automatically carry out any one of a large number of tests, (b) utilize the results of that test in conjunction with data derived from other sources as a basis to proceed to select and perform another analysis, and (c) continue in this mode by a branching sequence until the analytical potential of the specimen is exhausted. The system is programmable with user control languages that require no programming experience. The external equipment controlled by the computer in a time-sharing mode includes a sampler, a digital pipet, a digital valve, a ratemeter, and a dual-beam spectrophotometer with a programmable wavelength drive.

Collaborative Study of Methods for the Analysis and Control of AG-Chlordane and Its Formulations

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-595
Author(s):  
Marshall A Malina
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Infrared Method ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
And Control ◽  
Excellent Accuracy

Abstract Four methods for the analysis of AG-chlordane and its formulations were submitted to a collaborative study. Fifteen laboratories, including 5 CIPAC laboratories, participated in this study. The infrared method for the analysis of the content of the 2 chlordane isomers was precise, with a coefficient of variation of 0.015. The gas chromatographic method for the analysis of the heptachlor content also yielded good precision with a standard deviation of 0.16. The infrared assay method for granular formulations exhibited excellent accuracy and precision, with a coefficient of variation of 0.067 and an error of only +0.25% relative. The gas chromatographic assay method for emulsifiable concentrates exhibited poor accuracy and precision and was found unacceptable. The first 3 methods have been adopted as official first action.

Evaluation of a discrete samples/stopped-flow mixer system for equilibrium and kinetic analyses.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1230-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
H L Pardue ◽  
H T Gaw ◽  
G E Mieling ◽  
V L Mathews ◽  
D M Fast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Method ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Stopped Flow ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Flow Mixing ◽  
Instrumental System ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Fast Kinetic ◽  
Slow Kinetic

Abstract This paper describes the evaluation of a system for computer-controlled discrete sampling and stopped-flow mixing for equilibrium and kinetic determinations of several sorts of analytes in human serum. The instrumental system features a wash-out sampling system that permits rapid change-over from one sample and (or) reagent type to another, and a mixing-measurement system that can provide reliable data as soon as 10 ms after reagent and sample are mixed. Examples discussed include equilibrium procedures for glucose and cholesterol, slow kinetic procedures for glucose and lactate dehydrogenase, and a fast kinetic method for thiocyanate. The regression equation for all stopped-flow results (n = 114) vs. results by conventional methods is y = (103 +/- 0.01)x - (0.016 +/- 0.019) for numerical values of y between 0.3 and 3.0. The correlation coefficient for these data was 0.991. These results demonstrate that the stopped-flow method is a viable analytical approach for equilibrium, slow kinetic, and fast kinetic determinations that require measurement times shorter than 0.1 s.

Software for the rapid production of patterns for castings

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y S Huang ◽  
P D Webster ◽  
T A Dean
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Concurrent Validation ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Aided Design

This paper describes a system that enables the automatic conversion of information from a computer aided design (CAD) pattern representing a three-dimensional (solid) concept directly into a physical part. By integrating this information with computer-controlled machine tools, invoking concurrent validation with simulation to optimize cutting procedures and utilizing a novel machining-casting-machining technique, products can be developed quickly with little human intervention, reducing delays typically found between the design and manufacturing processes.

scholarly journals The HPLC Analysis of Aflatoxins in Raw Peanuts with Sep-pak® Cleanup

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jeffrey Hurst ◽  
Kevin P. Snyder ◽  
Robert A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Aqueous Acetone ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Excellent Accuracy

Abstract An HPLC method for the determination of aflatoxins is described. The aflatoxins are extracted with aqueous acetone and interfering compounds precipitated with CuCO3. After defatting, the aflatoxins are extracted into CH2Cl2 for cleanup with silica Sep-pak® which eliminates other interfering compounds. The resulting extract is then treated with TFA to form the hemiacetal derivatives prior to final HPLC analysis. Data indicated that the method exhibits excellent accuracy and precision. In addition, it is time and solvent conservative.

Soil Chemical Methods - Australasia

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E Rayment ◽  
David J Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Sulfate Soils ◽  
Chemical Testing ◽  
Extractable Iron ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Soil Chemical Methods – Australasia describes over 200 laboratory and field chemical tests relevant to Australasia and beyond. The information and methodology provided across 20 chapters is comprehensive, systematic, uniquely coded, up-to-date and designed to promote chemical measurement quality. There is guidance on the choice and application of analytical methods from soil sampling through to the reporting of results. In many cases, optional analytical ‘finishes’ are provided, such as flow-injection analysis, electro-chemistry, multiple flame technologies, and alternatives to chemical testing offered by near-range and mid-range infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The book supersedes and updates the soil chemical testing section of the 1992 Australian Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods of Rayment and Higginson, while retaining method codes and other strengths of that Handbook. Chapters cover soil sampling, sample preparation and moisture content; electrical conductivity and redox potential; soil pH; chloride; carbon; nitrogen; phosphorus; sulphur; gypsum; micronutrients; extractable iron, aluminium and silicon; saturation extracts; ion-exchange properties; lime requirements; total miscellaneous elements; miscellaneous extractable elements; alkaline earth carbonates and acid sulfate soils. In addition, there are informative Appendices, including information on the accuracy and precision of selected methods. This book targets practising analysts, laboratory managers, students, academics, researchers, consultants and advisors involved in the analysis, use and management of soils for fertility assessments, land use surveys, environmental studies and for natural resource management.

Validated UV-Visible spectrometry using water as a solvent for determination of chloroquine in tablet samples

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pharmaceutical Tablet ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Tablet Formulations ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Tablet Dosage ◽  
Excellent Accuracy

Methods reported including the official methods for determination ofchloroquine in tablet samples use carcinogenic organic solvents. In this study,UV-Vis spectrometry using water as a solvent was developed for determination ofchloroquine phosphate in pharmaceutical tablet dosage forms. The method wasvalidated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) andUSP guidelines. The absorbance of chloroquine phosphate in distilled water at max of 343 nm showed linear dependence on concentration in the range 10.88-30.56μg mL-1 with determination coefficient of 0.99972. Recovery results in the range98.79–101.20% and low coefficient of variation values for intra-day and interdayprecisions (0.37% and 0.76%, respectively) showed the accuracy andreproducibility of the method. The method was used for determination ofchloroquine phosphate in tablet formulations of different brands. Results in therange 100.63–103.52% of the labeled chloroquine phosphate in tabletformulations confirmed the applicability of the developed method for real sampleanalysis. Hence, the developed UV-Vis method using environmentally friendlywater as a solvent, with an excellent accuracy and precision showed that thedeveloped method can be a potential substituent for the official referencemethods.

Computer-controlled instrument system for sequential chemical testing III. Application to liver assessment.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
G S Cembrowski ◽  
F C Larson ◽  
R W Huntington ◽  
J H Selliken ◽  
E C Toren
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Continuous Flow Analysis ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Chemical Testing ◽  
Better Than

Abstract We used the previously described [Clin. Chem. 19, 1114 (1973)] and evaluated [Clin. Chem. 19, 1122 (1973)] computer-controlled instrument system for sequential chemical testing to select and perform tests of hepatic status, to aid the clinician in the diagnosis of liver disease. Results for total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase obtained from the continuous-flow analysis (SMA 12/60) admission screen were used by the instrument system to determine selectively the values for gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and total and direct bilirubin. Kit methods for the latter four tests were evaluated on the system; results were similar to manual procedures. A software, enzymatic ratemeter was found to be better than the previously described hardware ratemeter. The follow-up tests of serum prescribed by the system are compared to clinician-prescribed follow-up tests and discharge diagnoses. In 10 of 19 cases, the system and clinician ordered similar follow-up tests; in three cases follow-up differed, and in six cases, the system ordered follow-up tests and the clinician ordered none.

Performance-enhanced solar-blind photodetector based on a CH3NH3PbI3/β-Ga2O3 hybrid structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (45) ◽  
pp. 14205-14211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linpeng Dong ◽  
Tiqiang Pang ◽  
Jiangang Yu ◽  
Yucheng Wang ◽  
Wenguo Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Solar Blind ◽  
Excellent Accuracy

Solar-blind photodetectors have drawn great attention due to their excellent accuracy and precision ignoring the electromagnetic radiation interference from the sun.

Use of the Reflotron system for cholesterol assay in capillary blood, venous blood, and serum--evaluation of accuracy and lot-to-lot reagent comparability.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 2117-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Boerma ◽  
J Gelderland ◽  
I van Gorp ◽  
B Leijnse
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Maximum Bias ◽  
Chemical Testing

Abstract Since its recalibration in 1987, the Reflotron "dry-chemistry" cholesterol method can produce accurate results. Here we report how cholesterol concentrations in venous blood, plasma, and serum determined with Reflotron compare with values determined for fingerstick samples. When no EDTA is used in the latter, accurate results may meet the WHO/CDC criterion of a maximum bias less than or equal to 5%. Reflotron users should avoid use of EDTA. Lot-to-lot variation among the solid-phase reagent carriers was evaluated in four lots of these strips. The largest difference, 0.4 mmol/L, was seen in a commercial quality-control serum with a cholesterol concentration of approximately 7 mmol/L. The maximum differences in results for several serum pools were not always found between the same reagent lots, although the highest results in five of six materials occurred with a single lot of strips. As in all clinical chemical testing, regular quality control is necessary.

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