Urinary Estrogens in Pregnancy

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolph M Anker
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
New Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Steroid Conjugates ◽  
Urinary Estrogens ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract A new method has been described for the cleavage of the estrogenic steroid conjugates occurring in the urine of pregnant women. It yields higher estrogen values than the methods which have been employed in the past.

20 Years of Follow-up Alloimmunization and Hemolytic Disease in Newborn: Has Anything Changed in the Field Over the Years?

2020 ◽  
Vol 232 (06) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Marjana Jerkovic Raguz ◽  
Zeljka Prce ◽  
Vedran Bjelanovic ◽  
Ivana Bjelanovic ◽  
Sanja Dzida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective of the study is to research the epidemiological aspects of maternal alloimmunization against erythrocyte antigens of fetuses (AB0, Rhesus, Lewis, Kell, Duffy and others) and to identify the most common types of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) in the West Herzegovina region. Study Design The 20-year retrospective epidemiological study includes all pregnant women who had been immunologically tested and newborn treated for HDN. Results The indirect antiglobulin (IAT) detected antibodies against antigens in 545 (1.8%) pregnant women of the 29 663 who were tested at the Department of Transfusion Medicine. During the 20-year-long study 310 (1.0%) newborn with HDN were treated. Our results indicate that 42% (230/545) of the pregnant women had AB0 immunization. The most common form of HDN is AB0 HDN 64% (199/310), whereas RhD HDN was treated in 19% (59/310) of the newborn infants. ETR was performed on 29 (19%) infants, 21 (72.4%) with AB0 HDN, and 7 (26%) with RhD HDN. Conclusion This 20-year-long study concludes that, even though there has been significant progress in the prevention of immunization and proactive treatment of HDN, precautionary measures are still required as is the need for gynecologists and obstetricians to be active. The reasons for this are the non-existence of preventive measures for non-RhD immunization, the irregular immunological screening of RhD positive women in pregnancy in the region encompassed by the study in the past few years. The above raises new questions and recommends further research and monitoring of immunization and HDN treatment worldwide.

Swimming and diving by pregnant women

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik K Lotgering ◽  
Wilhelmina EM Spinnewijn ◽  
Henk CS Wallenburg
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
The Past ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Do So

Pregnant women have traditionally been discouraged from participating in physically demanding sports because they have been considered to be in poor condition and it was thought that strenuous exercise could harm the mother and the fetus. More recently, however, many physically active women have wished to continue sport in pregnancy and research over the past 20 years has shown that in general it is safe to do so.

scholarly journals Perinatal tuberculosis: Diagnostic and therapeutic approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Petrovic ◽  
Radmila Ljustina-Pribic ◽  
Branislavka Bjelica-Rodic ◽  
Gordana Vilotijevic-Dautovic ◽  
Svetlana Cegar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Neonatal Infections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
Fetus And Neonate ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction. The number of people suffering from tuberculosis has increased rapidly in the whole world over the past three decades. The classical age distribution of disease has also changed. According to the epidemiological data the number of pregnant women having tuberculosis has also risen with the resulting increase in the incidence of perinatal tuberculosis. Pregnancy and Tuberculosis. The presentation of tuberculosis in pregnancy varies. The effects of tuberculosis on pregnancy depend upon various factors: site and extent of the disease, nutritional status and immune status of mother, concomitant diseases, stage of pregnancy when the treatment started and others. A delay between the onset and diagnosis occurs regularly. Treatment response, time to clearance of bacilli from sputum, and prognosis are similar to non pregnant women. Prinatal tuberculosis. Perinatal tuberculosis is extremely rare if the mother is effectively treated in pregnancy, but disease is usually fatal if untreated. Diagnosis of perinatal tuberculosis is very often problematic and difficult. The reason of this is the fact that the initial manifestations of disease are nonspecific and may be delayed. In practice, congenital and early neonatal infections have almost the same mode of presentations, treatment and prognosis. Epidemiological data on the active tuberculosis in mother or some other family member are of the utmost importance in diagnoing tuberculosis. Differences in immune responses in the fetus and neonate add to the diagnostic difficulties already recognised in young children. Tuberculin tests are negative in at least 75% of cases. Conclusion. If the condition is recognized and treated according to existing tuberculosis protocols, the outcome is favourable.

scholarly journals Izdaja Kell skladnih krvnih komponent z namenom preprečevanja anti-K senzibilizacij pri ženskah v rodni dobi.

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Hrašovec-Lampret ◽  
Irena Bricl
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Compatible Blood ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Transfusion History ◽  
In Pregnancy

 With selecting K compatible blood for transfusion, we prevent K immunization and many unnecessary prenatal testing and gynecological examinations for at least 78% of pregnant women with K negative partners, whose fetus is not at risk of hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn. Abstract  Background Kell antibodies are beside RhD and c antibodies one of most clinically important antibodies that can cause severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in pregnancy,which is still remaining one of the major causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, pregnant women with eryhrocyte alloantibodies anti-K need many prenatal testing and gynecological examinations. The major cause for anti-K immunisation is transfusion of incompatible blood in the past.    Methods We analysed retrospectively the data of 71 pregnant woman with alloantibodies anti-K, which were followed in Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia from 2004 -2014. We collected data of partner´s phenotype and woman´s transfusion history. Data were statistically analyzed with basic statistical methods.   Results 61 out of 71 partners were tested (86%) and 48 were K negative (78%).The transfusion history was available for only 23 women (32%). The transfusion history was available for 23 out of 48 women with K negative partner (48%). All of them were transfused. 78% received incompatible-K positive blood, for the rest 22% women donations they received were not K typed.    Conclusions From the obtained data, we found that in 78% of cases cause for K alloimunnization is transfusion of K incompatible blood in past. With selecting K compatible blood for transfusion, we can prevent K immunization and many unnecessary prenatal testing and gynecological examinations for 78% pregnant women with K negative partners . 

TO REVIEW THE TIMING OF INTERVENTION WHICH WILL PROVIDE THE BEST OUTCOME IN HYPOTHYROIDISM IN PREGNANCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Archana Mohana ◽  
Dr. Sujata Badoniya
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Thyroxine Therapy ◽  
In Pregnancy

The Aim of this study is to Review the timing of intervention which will provide the Best Outcome in Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy. Hypothyroid pregnant women are appropriately managed with regular antenatal checkup and thyroxine therapy during pregnancy, a good maternal and fetal outcome can be achieved and congenital cretinism and other neuro developmental sequele in the offspring can be averted. Keywords: Intervention, Hyperthyroidism, Pregnancy & Thyroid disease.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IODINE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY, SPORADIC GOITRE AND THYROTOXICOSIS

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Aboul-Khair ◽  
J. Crooks
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Deficiency State ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic Iodine ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Studies of iodine metabolism have been carried out in 15 pregnant women, 33 cases with sporadic goitre and 11 with thyrotoxicosis. A low plasma inorganic iodine was common to the three groups. In pregnancy and sporadic goitre the thyroid clearance of iodine was elevated and the absolute iodine uptake normal. A high thyroid clearance of iodine in thyrotoxicosis was associated with a high absolute iodine uptake. The results suggest that both pregnancy and sporadic goitre are physiological responses to an iodine deficiency state while the iodine deficiency state of thyrotoxicosis is secondary to increased thyroid activity.

LEUCOCYTE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (IV) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Borel ◽  
J. Frei ◽  
A. Vannotti
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Enzymatic studies, on leucocytes of pregnant women, show an increase of the alkaline phosphatase activity and a decrease of the glucose consumption and lactate production, as well as of proteolysis. The oxygen consumption, with succinate as substrate, does not vary.

Quantifying Pregnant Women’s Knowledge of Educational Components of Antenatal Care in Lesotho

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabeta Seeiso ◽  
Mamutle M. Todd-Maja
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
In Pregnancy

Antenatal care (ANC) literacy is particularly important for pregnant women who need to make appropriate decisions for care during their pregnancy and childbirth. The link between inadequate health literacy on the educational components of ANC and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is undisputable. Yet, little is known about the ANC literacy of pregnant women in SSA, with most studies inadequately assessing the four critical components of ANC literacy recommended by the World Health Organization, namely danger signs in pregnancy; true signs of labour; nutrition; and preparedness for childbirth. Lesotho, a country with one of the highest maternal mortality rates in SSA, is also underexplored in this research area. This cross-sectional study explored the levels of ANC literacy and the associated factors in 451 purposively sampled women in two districts in Lesotho using a structured questionnaire, making recourse to statistical principles. Overall, 16.4 per cent of the participants had grossly inadequate ANC literacy, while 79.8 per cent had marginal levels of such knowledge. The geographic location and level of education were the most significant predictors of ANC literacy, with the latter variable further subjected to post hoc margins test with the Bonferroni correction. The participants had the lowest scores on knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy and true signs of labour. Adequate ANC literacy is critical to reducing maternal mortality in Lesotho. Improving access to ANC education, particularly in rural areas, is recommended. This study also provides important recommendations critical to informing the national midwifery curriculum.

Children’s Lives and Deaths in Merovingian Gaul

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-213
Author(s):  
Émilie Perez
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
New Method ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Grave Goods

The role of children in Merovingian society has long been downplayed, and the study of their graves and bones has long been neglected. However, during the past fifteen years, archaeologists have shown growing interest in the place of children in Merovingian society. Nonetheless, this research has not been without challenges linked to the nature of the biological and material remains. Recent analysis of 315 children’s graves from four Merovingian cemeteries in northern Gaul (sixth to seventh centuries) allows us to understand the modalities of burial ritual for children. A new method for classifying children into social age groups shows that the type, quality, quantity, and diversity of grave goods were directly correlated with the age of the deceased. They increased from the age of eight and particularly around the time of puberty. This study discusses the role of age and gender in the construction and expression of social identity during childhood in the Merovingian period.

scholarly journals Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women and its effect on fetomaternal outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sharmeen ◽  
PA Shamsunnahar ◽  
TR Laita ◽  
SB Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objectives: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. It is now well established that not only overt but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome. There are few data from Bangladesh about the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. With this background, this study aims to find out thyroid dysfunction (both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism) in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome.Methods: We studied the evaluation of 50 admitted pregnancies corresponding to 29 women with subclinical hypothyroidism and rest 21 was overt hypothyroidism. Detailed history and examination were performed. Apart from routine obstetrical investigations, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) estimation was done. Their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: Overt hypothyroidism was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 25 to 44 years age group. However two and three abortions were significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients. In sub clinical hypothyroidism 86.2% conceived firstly within 2 years and 66.7% in overt hypothyroidism patients conceived firstly in between 3 to 5 years after marriage. Overt hypothyroids were prone to have pregnancy-induced hypertension 42.9%, intrauterine growth restriction (P=0.001) and gestational diabetes (38.1%) as compared to subclinical cases. Neonatal complications were significantly more in overt hypothyroidism group. Mean TSH level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients but mean FT4 level was almost similar in both groups. Majority of the patient underwent caesarean section in both groups due to associated medical and obstetrical complications. None of the babies showed hypothyroidism by cord blood tests. In this analysis our results showed that overt hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women are associated with more maternal complication & adverse parental outcome than subclinical hypothyroidism. The adequate treatment of hypothyroidism during gestation minimizes risks and generally, makes it possible for pregnancies to be carried to term without complications. Significant adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome were seen emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (2): 52-57

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