A screening method for establishing laxative abuse.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
F A de Wolff ◽  
E J de Haas ◽  
M Verweij
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Toxicological Screening ◽  
Laxative Abuse ◽  
Sodium Picosulfate ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Column Extraction

Abstract Abuse of laxatives, most of them belonging to the group of colonic stimulants or cathartics, can cause various disorders. Extensive diagnostic work can be avoided by early toxicological screening of the suspected patients with respect to laxatives. Because no screening method of this kind was available, we developed a procedure with which all phenolic and anthraquinone laxatives--except sodium picosulfate--can be detected in urine. This method is based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography in two systems after pretreatment of a 20-mL urine sample with beta-glucuronidase and subsequent column extraction. The procedure is very sensitive: at least 32 h after a single dose of bisacodyl, danthron, phenolphthalein, or sennoside, the drug can be detected in the urine. Bisoxatin and oxyphenisatin are still detectable in the urine 18 h after intake. The method is also highly specific; none of 73 other drugs interfered in either of the two chromatographic systems. This procedure can be helpful for the early diagnosis of laxative abuse.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ILLICIT DRUGS AND NICOTINE IN A BUCCAL TOBACCO BRAND MARKETED IN YEMEN

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
ANES AM THABIT ◽  
AHMED MS AL-GHANI
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
The Other ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Drugs And Crime ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Narcotic Drugs

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to check the potential presence of illicit drugs and to quantify the amount of nicotine in a buccal tobacco brand that had been observed to be increasingly used by Yemeni youths, since 2014, causing narcosis resembling states among them. Methods: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) described by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) was used to screen illicit drugs in the tested brand. The illicit drugs investigated included opiates, heroin, amphetamines, and cocaine. The TLC results were confirmed as recommended by the UNODC using color chemical tests. Identification and quantification of nicotine in the brand was carried out using an appropriate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Results: No illicit drug was found in the tested tobacco brand. On the other hand, it was found that the amount of nicotine in just a single dose (sachet) of the buccal brand was 17.67±0.901 mg, which was 3.53-fold greater than usual buccal dose of nicotine (5 mg). Conclusion: With the exception of cannabis, opioids, and hallucinogens that were not investigated in this study due to technical obstacles, other major illicit narcotic drugs are not found in the brand. The brand contains high amount of nicotine/sachet. However, knowing that the user may use more than one sachet of the brands a day, there is a great potential of nicotine overdosing due to intake of the brand. This may cause a narcosis resembling state called “Nesbitt’s paradox,” characterized by reducing neuronal activity of the user.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Selected Steroids as Chemical Markers of Past or Presently Occurring Fungal Infections on Tobacco

1988 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
GN Bindler ◽  
JJ Piade ◽  
D Schulthess
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
Tobacco Sample ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Quick Determination

AbstractThree fungal strains isolated from tobacco were cultured on tobacco water extracts. In these cultures, the mycelium weight was shown to be correlated with the concentration of a steroid, ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3ss-ol [ergosterol]. This steroid is not a tobacco constituent, but tobacco samples where mold or yeast infections had occurred exhibited significant amounts of it. A method is proposed to quantify ergosterol in tobacco samples by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection at 282 nm. 7-Dehydrocholesterol can be used as internal standard. When found in a tobacco sample, the ergosterol concentration exhibits a good correlation with that of another related steroid, ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one [ETO], for which an HPLC quantification method in tobacco is proposed. Because it is highly fluorescent, ETO is also amenable to a sensitive and quick determination by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Once produced on tobacco, ergosterol concentration remains stable through storage under normal conditions, and even primary processing does not alter it appreciably. Possible applications of ergosterol analysis to the detection of fungal infections or the monitoring of fungal growth on tobacco are outlined. In addition, TLC estimation of the ETO concentration in a sample may constitute a convenient and fast screening method for fungal infections.

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