Reflotron assays of alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in whole-blood samples evaluated.

Abstract We evaluated the Reflotron (Boehringer Mannheim) system for measuring activities of alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2). Within- and between-day precision were comparable with conventional analytical methods. The linear range of the methods extended to more than 40-fold the upper limit of the reference range. The methods were not influenced by moderate changes in blood rheology and also tolerated some variation in sample volume applied. We consider these methods to be suitable for use in satellite or physicians' office laboratories (with appropriate training of operators), and they can produce results that agree satisfactorily with those determined in routine laboratory practice.

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Assessment of the Effects of SARS-Cov-2 Infection on Multiple Organs Using Laboratory Indices

AL-Kindy College Medical Journal ◽

10.47723/kcmj.v17i2.429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 73-78

Author(s):

Jianwei Zhou ◽

Yu Li ◽

Cui Kong ◽

Yizhao Li ◽

Yao Liang

Keyword(s):

Reference Range ◽

Normal Range ◽

Causative Mechanism ◽

Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Upper Limit ◽

Laboratory Results ◽

Heart Injury ◽

Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽

Biochemical Indices

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is still a severe threaft for human health currently, and the researches about it is a focus topic worldwide. Aim of the study: In this study, we will collect some laboratory results of the patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to assess the function of liver, heart, kidney and even pancreas. Subjects and Methods: Laboratory results of the patients with COVID-19 are collected. The biochemical indices are classified and used to assess the according function of liver, heart, kidney; meantime, and blood glucose is also observed and taken as an index to roughly evaluate pancreas. Results: There were some indices exhibited abnormal. For patient 1, the ratio of albumin and globulin slightly was lower than the down-limit of reference range. For patient 2, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), creatinine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (HBDH), and beta-2 microglobulin (β2-MG) were respectively higher than the according upper limit of the reference range, while prealbumin (PA) was lower than the down limit. For patient 3, GGT, CK, PA were high than normal range. For patient 4, CK, LDH, HBDH were higher than the upper range. Conclusion: Infection of SARS-Cov-2 could cause liver and heart injury, and it is suggested that clinicians and researchers should pay more attention on the prevention, treatment and causative mechanism of such an injury.

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Low-Level Alanine Aminotransferase Elevations in Osteoarthritis Patients within Approximately 2 Weeks of Treatment Initiation with Daily Acetaminophen: A Retrospective Analysis Evaluating Subsequent Alanine Aminotransferase Activity on Continued Acetaminophen Therapy

Clinical Medicine Insights Therapeutics ◽

10.4137/cmt.s11120 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. CMT.S11120

Author(s):

Edwin K. Kuffner ◽

Kimberly M. Cooper ◽

Jeffrey S. Baggish ◽

Joseph M. Lynch ◽

Brenda A. Zimmerman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Treatment Initiation ◽

Reference Range ◽

Aminotransferase Activity ◽

Upper Limit ◽

Therapy Initiation ◽

Almost All ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase Activity ◽

Alt Activity

Published analyses have noted elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in patients taking up to 4000 mg/day of acetaminophen. Data from 3 osteoarthritis trials of acetaminophen 3900–4000 mg/day in which ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were recorded within approximately 2 weeks of therapy initiation were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with baseline ALT or AST above the upper limit of the reference range (ULRR) were excluded. Among 466 patients, 376 (80.7%) had no ALT elevations within approximately 2 weeks of treatment initiation. Elevations >1.5 and >3.0 times ULRR occurred in 4.5% and 0.9% of patients, respectively. Elevations were transient as most resolved (72.9%) or declined (22.4%) with continued treatment beyond 2 weeks. Within approximately 2 weeks of therapy initiation, no patient had ALT > 5 times ULRR or ALT > 3 times ULRR combined with bilirubin >2 times ULRR. ALT elevations were transient and asymptomatic; almost all resolved or declined while on continued therapy and appear not to be clinically important. Clinical trials.gov ID numbers: NCT00240799, NCT00240786

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Performance and Clinical Utility of a Commercially Available ‘C-terminal’ PTH Assay

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456328602300409 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 434-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A R Ingle ◽

J E Bailey ◽

H L Matthews ◽

J S Harrop

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Upper Limit ◽

Whole Blood Samples ◽

Serum Pth ◽

Pth Radioimmunoassay ◽

Detectable Serum

The performance and clinical utility of a ‘C-terminal’ parathyroid hormone (PTH) radioimmunoassay (Dac-Cel, Wellcome Diagnostics) is described. Parathyroid hormone, as measured by the Dac-Cel method, is stable in whole blood samples for at least 24 h. 84% of patients with hypercalcaemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism have values above the upper limit seen in normocalcaemic subjects (0·5 μg/L), with detectable serum PTH demonstrable in the remaining 16%. In patients with hypocalcaemia due to hypoparathyroidism serum PTH was undetectable in 73% and ‘inappropriately’ low in the remainder. In 50% of patients with malignancy-associated hypercalcaemia serum PTH was undetectable, but was above 0·5 μg/L in 13%. Increased PTH concentrations were invariably found in patients with renal failure. The Dac-Cel method is a reliable and robust technique for measurement of PTH and in conjunction with determination of calcium facilitates the diagnosis of primary parathyroid disorders. Caution is required in the interpretation of PTH measurements in patients with renal failure; the significance of detectable PTH in some patients with malignancy-associated hypercalcaemia is not clear.

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Preservation of whole blood samples for creatine kinase isoenzyme MB estimations in the routine laboratory

Clinica Chimica Acta ◽

10.1016/0009-8981(79)90005-6 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 125-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.L. Swan

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Routine Laboratory ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme ◽

Whole Blood Samples ◽

Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme Mb

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Pre-analytical variation in alanine aminotransferase.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/34.4.744 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 744-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S G Ruby ◽

N E Reiber ◽

R E Lonser

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Normal Activity ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Activity Concentrations ◽

Whole Blood Samples ◽

Blood Specimens ◽

Analytical Variation

Abstract To determine the effect of pre-analytical variation of alanine aminotransferase in blood specimens with normal activity concentrations of this enzyme, we stored serum and whole blood samples at 4 and 22 degrees C and assayed aliquots of each specimen at intervals up to 72 h. Analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant increase or decrease in activity of the enzyme for up to 72 h in either specimen type, whether stored at room temperature or refrigerated.

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Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency: Establishment Of Reference Ranges For Platelet Dense Granule Count By Transmission Electron Microscopy

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v122.21.3549.3549 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 122 (21) ◽

pp. 3549-3549 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cindy B. Uhl ◽

Ryan L. Barness ◽

Mary C. Olson ◽

Susan C. Gossman ◽

Sibel Erdogan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Reference Range ◽

Dense Granule ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Gold Standard Method ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Whole Blood Samples

Abstract Background Platelet dense granule (DG) deficiencies, including Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, are relatively common and frequently under-diagnosed hereditary platelet hypofunctional disorders. Among various laboratory tests, platelet whole mount (WM) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is considered the gold standard method for diagnosing DG deficiencies. Nevertheless, platelet DG TEM testing is still largely a research tool and has not been thoroughly validated and standardized as a clinical test. Furthermore, reference ranges (RR) of DG count/platelet (DGC) have not been adequately established. Aim Our goals were to validate and standardize platelet WM TEM testing and establish reference ranges for platelet DGC. Methods Based on previously established methods (Blood, 33:598-606), we first optimized and standardized various pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical procedures including sample matrix, sample stability, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparation, platelet mounting procedure and DG counting criteria. Then whole blood samples in ACD-B tubes were collected from a total of 128 healthy donors (64 males and 64 females). Platelet DGC, percentage of platelets without any DG (empty platelets), platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV) and immature platelet fraction (IPF) were measured. In addition, platelet aggregometry analyses were performed on citrated PRP samples from the same donors. Standard statistical analyses were employed in this study. Results DGC and platelet ultra-structure were stable when whole blood samples were stored at room temperature (RT) for up to 4 days. Reproducible DGC and adequate preservation of platelet ultrastructure depended on an optimized mounting method. The DG counting criteria were developed based on previous publications and guidance from Dr. James G. White. Using the same WM TEM images and DG counting criteria, agreements among different technologists (n=5) improved from 60% to 95%. Finally, DGC reference range study using 128 healthy donor samples (age range 18, 72 years) and scoring 100-200 platelets from each donor showed that the DGC distribution of each donor sample was left-skewed with a median of 15% of empty platelets (range: 3, 40). The median DGC was 2.6 with a range of 1.0—5.1. Reference ranges established at the lower 95th percentile for DGC empty platelets is ≤ 31% (95% CI 28, 34) and for the mid-95th percentiles of DGCs between 1.5 and 4.0. DGCs were weakly associated with MPV and IPF (ρ between 0.22 and 0.28); and inversely associated with the percentage of empty platelets (ρ between -0.26 and -0.25). DGC showed no significant association with PC, platelet maximum aggregation or primary slope of aggregation, nor age or gender. Conclusion We validated platelet WM TEM procedures and for the first time established an adult reference range for platelet DGC. The results of association analyses implied that immature platelets may have slightly more DGs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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High-molecular-mass ("biliary") isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase and the diagnosis of liver dysfunction in cystic fibrosis.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/35.9.1888 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

pp. 1888-1890 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E Schoenau ◽

W Boeswald ◽

R Wanner ◽

K H Herzog ◽

B Boewing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liver Dysfunction ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

High Molecular Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽

Upper Limit ◽

Highly Sensitive

Abstract The high-Mr isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (AP, EC 3.1.3.1), a highly sensitive index to cholestasis, was measured by liquid chromatography in 45 patients with cystic fibrosis. Results of serum tests for liver dysfunction--including gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total AP, bilirubin, and bile acids--were compared with those for high-Mr AP. Values for high-Mr AP were increased in 44.4% of our patient population, with activities ranging from 0.4 to 17.3 U/L. The upper limit in the control group was 2.5 U/L. We find increased high-Mr AP to be a more sensitive indicator of liver dysfunction in patients with cystic fibrosis than are other tests.

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Multilayer-film analysis for urea nitrogen in blood, serum, or plasma.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/30.7.1222 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 1222-1225 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A Ohkubo ◽

S Kamei ◽

M Yamanaka ◽

H Katsuyama ◽

Y Iwata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Multilayer Film ◽

Sample Volume ◽

The Other ◽

Serum Urea ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Whole Blood Samples

Abstract Two types of multilayer-film slides for measurement of urea nitrogen in blood are reported here: one for whole-blood samples, the other for plasma or serum. Urea nitrogen concentrations in plasma are determined almost immediately, without preparation of reagents or centrifugation of blood samples. Because the sample volume applied to the slide is not critical, reliable results are quickly obtained by the neophyte.

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