New Refractometric Methods for the Determination of Total Proteins in Serum and in Urine

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Wolf ◽  
John B Fuller ◽  
E J Goldman ◽  
T D Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Refractometric Determination

Abstract New, precise, physical methods for the determination of total protein in serum or plasma and in urine are described. They are based upon the refractometric determination of total solids in these fluids before and after protein has been removed by coagulation and, in ordinary use, they require no special standardization or calibration. The urine method is applicable primarily to protein concentrations above 100mg./100 ml. A by-product of the urine method is the direct and simple determination of the nonprotein specific gravity of proteinuric urine.

Concentration of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid but not lithium heparin affects total protein determination in equine synovial fluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (8) ◽  
pp. e62-e62
Author(s):  
Pablo Jimenez Rihuete ◽  
Nicolas Villarino ◽  
Alicja Pelisiak ◽  
Luis M Rubio-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Protein Determination ◽  
Collection Tube ◽  
Refractometric Determination ◽  
Biuret Method

BackgroundRefractometric determination of total protein (TP) in synovial fluid (SF) is commonly used for diagnosis and monitoring of synovial sepsis in horses. Previous studies have shown that elevated concentrations of certain anticoagulants may overestimate refractometric determination of TP concentration.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of dipotassium EDTA (K2EDTA) and lithium heparin (LH) on TP determination by using a hand-held refractometer in equine synovial fluid.Study designCross-section observational study.MethodsThirty samples of synovial fluid obtained from 22 horses with different synovial conditions were collected. Synovial fluid samples were separated into different aliquots and placed in commercially available collection tubes containing K2EDTA or LH at four different concentrations (1.76, 3.52, 7.04 and 17.6 mg/ml for K2EDTA; 16, 32, 64 and 160 IU/ml for LH) . Refractometric TP determination was performed on untreated and K2EDTA and LH aliquots with a hand-held refractometer and by spectophotometric Biuret method as the gold standard.ResultsRefractometric TP determination was overestimated in SF samples containing 10 times the recommended K2EDTA concentrations. Lower concentrations of K2EDTA and LH concentrations did not affect refractometric TP determinations.Main limitationsLimited number of samples mostly obtained from large synovial structures.ConclusionTo avoid incorrect TP determination, the use of LH containing collection tubes may be an appropriate alternative when the SF volume available is not enough to fill the K2EDTA collection tube.

scholarly journals In-situ remediation of nitrogen and phosphorus of beverage industry by potential strains Bacillus sp. (BK1) and Aspergillus sp. (BK2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bhambri ◽  
Santosh Kumar Karn ◽  
R. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Total Proteins ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

AbstractThe bioremediation of beverage (treated and untreated) effluent was investigated in the current study by using the potential strains of Bacillus sp. (BK1) and Aspergillus sp. (BK2). Effluent was collected from the beverage industry (initial concentration of nitrogen were 3200 ± 0.5 mg/L and 4400 ± 0.6 mg/L whereas phosphorus were 4400 ± 2 mg/L and 2600 ± 1 mg/L in treated and untreated effluent correspondingly). Further, the BK1 and BK2 exhibited high removal competence after 1 week of incubation; BK1 removed phosphorus 99.95 ± 0.7% and BK2 95.69 ± 1% in treated effluent while nitrogen removed about 99.90 ± 0.4% by BK1 and 81.25 ± 0.8% by BK2 (initial concentration of phosphorus 4400 ± 2 mg/L and nitrogen 3200 ± 0.5 mg/L). Next, in the untreated effluent BK1 removed 99.81 ± 1% and BK2 99.85 ± 0.8% of phosphorus while removed nitrogen 99.93 ± 0.5% by BK1 and 99.95 ± 1.2% by BK2 correspondingly, (initial concentration of phosphorus 2600 ± 1 mg/L and nitrogen 4400 ± 0.6 mg/L). The physiochemical composition of sample such as pH, total carbohydrates, total proteins, total solids of treated and untreated effluent were also analysed before and after treatment of both the samples. BK1 and BK2 increased the pH by 8.94 ± 0.3 and 9.5 ± 0.4 correspondingly in treated effluent whereas 6.34 ± 0.5 and 7.5 ± 0.2 correspondingly in untreated effluent (initial pH of treated and untreated effluent 7.07 ± 0.8 and 4.85 ± 0.3 correspondingly). Total Carbohydrates removed about 17,440 ± 4.6 mg/L and 10,680 ± 3.2 mg/L by BK1 and BK2 correspondingly in treated effluent whereas 18,050 ± 3.5 mg/L and 18,340 ± 2.3 mg/L correspondingly in untreated effluent (initial concentration of treated and untreated effluent 25,780 ± 1.6 mg/L and 35,000 ± 1.5 mg/L correspondingly) while BK1 and BK2 removed total proteins by 30.336 ± 4.6 mg/L and 40.417 ± 2.3 mg/L correspondingly in treated effluent whereas 18.929 ± 1.2 mg/L and 17.526 ± 0.8 mg/L correspondingly in untreated effluent (initial concentration of treated and untreated effluent 49.225 ± 1.5 mg/L and 20.565 ± 1 mg/L correspondingly). Next, total solids removed by BK1 and BK2 2.5 ± 0.3 mg/L and 1.6 ± 0.6 mg/L correspondingly in treated effluent whereas 5.5 ± 0.8 mg/L and 4.6 ± 0.6 mg/L in untreated effluent (initial concentration of treated and untreated effluent 5.6 ± 1.5 mg/L and 9.48 ± 1.2 mg/L correspondingly). Both the strains BK1 and BK2 are highly efficient in the nitrogen and phosphorus removal therefore this strain may be applied for the potential remediation.

A Formula for Correcting Plasma Zinc Levels against Protein Concentration

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Sombolos Rudolf ◽  
Vogl Nickolas Dombros ◽  
Dimitrios Oreopoulos ◽  
Abraham Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Zinc Levels

Plasma zinc and total protein concentrations were measured in 13 normal volunteers, before and after a five-minute occlusion of the antecubital vein with a sphygmomanometer cuff. The percentage increment before and after five minutes of venous occlusion was 10.2 ± 4.7% for total protein and 8.8 ± 6.0% for zinc concentration. Both these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). We propose an equation for correction of plasma zinc levels according to concentration of total proteins. Using this equation the corrected values of plasma zinc before and after 5 minutes of venous occlusion were similar, that is, 12.33 ± 1.94 and 12.20 ± 2.05 μmol/l. In addition we found that of seven hypoproteinemic patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who had low plasma zinc levels compared to normal (uncorrected for protein concentration) controls, only two had “true” hypozincemia when their plasma zinc was corrected against protein using this formula and compared to normals (corrected for protein) controls. The paper discusses the clinical usefulness of this adjustment of measurements of plasma zinc concentration.

Moisture in Honey: Review of Chemical and Physical Methods

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W White
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Karl Fischer ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

Abstract A critical review is presented of the determination of moisture in honey by chemical (Karl Fischer) and several physical methods, including evaporation, distillation, refractometry, density, and viscosity. Methods are compared for precision and accuracy, and interrelationships are discussed. Wedmore’s interpretation of Chataway’s specific gravity results is shown to be based on a misconception.

Ultramicroscale Determination of Clinical Chemical Values for Blood during the First Four Days of Postnatal Life

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa deBaare ◽  
Jean Lewis ◽  
Helen Sing
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Term Newborns

Abstract Ultramicro procedures requiring 5-10 µl of serum or blood per analysis were used in determining blood constituents of healthy full-term newborns during the first four days of life. The resulting values appeared to be influenced by age, sex, and race. Values for total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, and uric acid in serum decreased with time; serum inorganic phosphorus and whole-blood aldosaccharoses increased. Serum from females had higher values than that from males for total proteins, albumin, and inorganic phosphorus. The values for serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase were consistently higher in Negro than in white infants; values for uric acid were higher in the latter.

Determination of Ethanol in Whey-Sugar Solutions by Freezing

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. DEMOTT
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Kluyveromyces Fragilis ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Treated Sample

The composition of solutions undergoing yeast fermentation was simulated by using direct-acid-set cottage cheese whey containing increasing amounts of ethanol (0 to 5.4%) with decreasing amounts of sucrose (10 to 0%). Each decrease of 1 g of sucrose per 100 ml of whey accompanied by an increase of 0.54 g of ethanol decreased specific gravity 0.0046 unit and lowered the freezing point 0.159 H. Whey containing 10% added sucrose was treated as follows: (a) inoculated with Kluyveromyces fragilis, (b) carbohydrate splitting enzymes added and inoculated with K. fragilis and (c) carbohydrate splitting enzymes added and inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All mixtures were incubated 48 h at 32 C during which six samples from each treatment were analyzed for total solids, specific gravity and freezing point. No difference (P&gt;.05) was noted between samples treated with enzymes or those treated with the two yeasts cultures as related to decrease in total solids concentration or specific gravity. Each 0.001-H decrease in freezing point was accompanied by a total solids decrease of0.006 g per 100 g of whey in the non-enzyme treated sample, and 0.008 g and 0.010 g per 100 g whey in the enzyme-treated samples inoculated with K. fragilis and S. cerevisiae, respectively. Each 0.001-H change in freezing point was equivalent to a change of 0.00003 specific gravity unit in the non-enzyme treated sample and 0.000043 and 0.000048 specific gravity unit in the enzyme-treated samples inoculated with K. fragilis and S. cerevisiae, respectively. The precision with which freezing point can be determined suggests its use in evaluating the amount of ethanol produced during fermentation.

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