On Sterility (‘HA X’), a medical work by Aristotle?

1999 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. van der Eijk
Keyword(s):  
Satisfactory Result ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The State ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Female Side ◽  
Medical Work ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Weakness

Whether its title, ύπέρ τοῦ μ⋯ γεννᾶν is authentic or not, the work transmitted as ‘Book X’ of Aristotle's History of Animals (HA) deals with a wide range of possible causes for failure to conceive and generate offspring. It sets out by saying that these causes may lie in both partners or in either of them, but in the sequel the author devotes most of his attention to problems of the female body. Thus he discusses the state of the uterus, the occurrence and modalities of menstruation, the condition and position of the mouth of the uterus, the emission of fluid during sleep (when the woman dreams that she is having intercourse with a man), physical weakness or vigour on awakening after this nocturnal emission, the occurrence of flatulence in the uterus and the ability to discharge this, moistness or dryness of the uterus, wind-pregnancy, and spasms in the uterus. Then he briefly considers the possibility that the cause of infertility lies with the male, but this is disposed of in one sentence: if you want to find out whether the man is to blame, the author says, just let him have intercourse with another woman and see whether that produces a satisfactory result (636bl 1–13; see also 637b23–4). The writer also acknowledges that the problem may lie in a failure of two otherwise healthy partners to match sexually, or as he puts it, to ‘run at the same pace’ ἲσοδρομῆσαι during intercourse, but he does not go into this possibility at great length (636b 15–23), and he proceeds to discuss further particulars on the female side.

The development of the movement for the communist labour at the Tyumen shipbuilding plant in days of the seven-year plan (1959-1965): the experience of microhistorical study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Pashin ◽  
Natalia S. Vasikhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to the study of the movement for communist labour at the Tyumen Shipbuilding Plant during the period of the seven-year plan (1959-1965). The authors seek to fill a historical narrative with the particular facts connected with the peculiarities and specifics of such phenomenon as the movement for communist labour. They consider it in the context of microhistory and as the most important element of production routine. The employees of the largest industrial enterprise of Soviet Tyumen — Shipbuilding Plant in concrete historical circumstances came under the spotlight of the authors. The submitted article is written with attraction of a wide range of archival documents, taken from the funds of the State Archive of the Tyumen Region and also funds of the State Archive of Socio-Political History of the Tyumen Region. Having studied the documents the authors come to conclusion that the movement for communist labour had little effect on the production progress of the plant employees.

ADZHIEL TRACT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LOCAL HISTORY OF THE CRIMEAN AZOV REGION: KEY RESULTS AND PROSPECTS OF RESEARCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6/2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Sergey V. YARTSEV ◽  
Viktor G. ZUBAREV ◽  
Sergey L. SMEKALOV
Keyword(s):  
Local History ◽  
The State ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Kerch Peninsula ◽  
Azov Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Eastern Crimea ◽  
History Of

The object of the research is the peculiarities of the historical process on the Kerch Peninsula in the context of the local history of one of its regions. The authors conduct a detailed study of the most inhabited region of the Crimean Azov region – the Adzhiel tract, located in the western part of the peninsula to the territory adjacent to the Kazantip Bay. This gully, which goes in the north-western and south-eastern direction, fences off a significant part of the Kerch peninsula and represents one of the natural protective boundaries of the Eastern Crimea. The subject of research is to reconstruct the historical picture of the area, to define the main results and prospects for further research. Relying on a wide range of sources, primarily on the archaeological material of their own perennial excavations in the specified area, with the use of the source analysis method, the authors consider the known facts and events of the ancient history of the Kerch Peninsula in a new way. The methodological basis of the work is objectivity and historicism, which contributed to conducting of unbiased research. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time on a wide material, the stages of the historical development of one of the regions of the Kerch Peninsula were highlighted and the actual directions for further research in this area were identified. Due to the abundance of water and fertile soil, the Adzhiel tract was almost always inhabited by people. However, the most intense events occurred in the tract in the era of the Bosporus kingdom, when a system of defensive fortifications of the western borders of the state functioned here. Perhaps this system was more complicated than it previously seemed. This is indicated by the remains of another, previously unknown tower discovered by the authors in 2018. Thus, the authors conclude that the further prospects of research in the Adzhiel tract are connected both with the detailed reconstruction of the defence system of the Bosporus on the western frontiers of the state and also with the continuation of the study of Christian antiquities, including medieval time, and the religious life of the population of the Khazar Khaganate.

scholarly journals Children’s Experiences of Welfare in Modern Britain

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Welfare Services ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Residential Institutions

The history of childhood and welfare in Britain through the eyes of children. 'Children’s Experiences of Welfare in Modern Britain' brings together the latest research as provided by the state, charities and families from 1830 to 1980. Demonstrating how the young were integral to the making, interpretation, delivery and impact of welfare services, the chapters consider a wide range of investments in young people’s lives, including residential institutions, emigration schemes, hospitals and clinics, schools, social housing and familial care. Drawing upon thousands of personal testimonies, including a wealth of writing by children themselves, the book shows that we can only understand the history and impact of welfare if we listen to children’s experiences.

scholarly journals “Party Work Lapses”: Crisis Phenomena in the RCP (B) Organizations in the Vyatka Gubernia in Late 1918 - the First Half of 1919: From Archival Materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 458-466
Author(s):  
Yuri N. Timkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Party Work

The article draws on archival materials of the State Archive of the Kirov Region and those of the State Archive of Social and Political History of the Kirov Region to examine the development of uezd organizations of the ARCP (B) in the Vyatka gubernia in late 1918 and the first half of 1919. In late 1918 the Vyatka gubernia became the Civil War battleground. When Perm was taken, the White Guard began to threaten Vyatka. Meanwhile, the political situation in the gubernia was tense; peasants, townspeople, and workers had their grievances against the Bolshevik policies. The existing uezd organizations of the ARCP (B) were unprepared to work in the immediate battle area. Fearing for the fate of the Eastern front, the Central Committee of the party sent a commission to Vyatka headed by Stalin and Dzerzhinsky. It was to carry out a wide range of measures to reorganize party and Soviet work. The power was taken by the Military Revolutionary Committee. The novelty of the study is in the fact that archival materials are used to assess the circumstances of the ARCP (B) organizations. These circumstances can be defined as those of a permanent crisis; the party organizations were ill-adapted to the extraordinary conditions of the Civil War. The narrowing of the party’s social base caused, first of all, by food policies forced the gubernia committee to cleanse party organizations and staff them up with well trusted personnel. The author has introduced into scientific use some previously unknown facts. The analysis of archival material allows to conclude that party work lapsed because party organizations seemed ineffective in the days of the anti-Soviet uprisings of summer and autumn of 1918 and while the Civil War raged. Conflicts, squabbles, intra-party struggles became an everyday occurrence. Party organizations constantly faced infiltration of persons with opposing views who sought to avoid mobilization or improve their financial situation.

Western Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 513-539
Author(s):  
Carolyn Routledge
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The State ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

Since Flinders Petrie, the importance of Western Asia to the history and development of culture in ancient Egypt has been recognized by scholars and has also been a significant driver in shaping Egyptological methodology and theoretical approaches. The study of relations between Western Asia and Egypt encompasses a wide range of specialisms given the broad range of evidence, the geographical breadth, and the academic disciplines involved. This chapter reviews the history of the study of relations between Western Asia and Egypt pointing to a selection of challenges scholars face in undertaking their research, and examines two case studies: theories concerning the role of Western Asia in the rise of the state, and the assessment of Egypt’s New Kingdom Empire in Canaan to illustrate the ways in which scholarly challenges are met and the resulting historical conclusions.

scholarly journals ИСТОРИЯ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО МУЗЕЯ ЮЖНОГО УРАЛА (HISTORY OF FORMATION OF THE STATE MUSEUM OF THE SOUTHERN URALS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Antipin
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
The State ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

The article reconstructs the initial period of the history of the state historical Museum of the southern Urals (Chelyabinsk). The purpose of the article is to determine the date of Foundation of the Museum, for which a wide range of archival sources is analyzed. In the modern Museum, the date of Foundation is July 1, 1923. The article proves that the date of Foundation of the Museum should be considered September 5, 1913, when a meeting of teachers, local historians and representatives of local authorities was held in Chelyabinsk, where a decision was made to organize a natural history Museum and a local branch of the Ural society of natural history lovers. The article shows that the period of 1913-1923 in the history of the Museum is full of events, the continuity from the first collection to the opening on July 1, 1923 is traced. In the article, the author also considers the issues of commemoration, the formation and development of the Museum, and the development of the Museum during the civil war. According to the author, strengthening the connection of one of the most important cultural institutions of the Chelyabinsk region – the State historical Museum of the southern Urals with the pre-revolutionary past is not only a tribute to scientific truth, but also an important image step that allows you to record deep cultural traditions in Russia

The crisis of moral consciousness in Russia and the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Panischev
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
The State ◽  
Moral Consciousness ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Victory

The monograph is devoted to the events of the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905. The main idea postulates that military victory depends not only on the economic or military forces of the state, but also on the level of development of the moral consciousness of the nation as a whole. For a wide range of readers interested in the history of military affairs and wars.

scholarly journals «Subjected to return»: an attempt to reconstruct the relocation history of the «Portrait of three personages» by N.S. Goncharova from the collection of the Totma museum association

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Мария Александровна Никитина
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Art Conservation ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Museum ◽  
History Of

«Портрет трех персон» Н.С. Гончаровой поступил в собрание Тотемского музейного объединения в 1927 году из Центрального хранилища Государственного музейного фонда. Из книги поступлений музея известно, что ранее картина находилась в Музее живописной культуры. В данной статье осуществляется попытка восстановить историю бытования исследуемой картины. С этой целью был изучен широкий ряд разрозненных и, порой, противоречащих друг другу документов и воспоминаний, повествующих об истории перемещения произведений художницы, деятельности музейной и закупочной комиссий Отдела изобразительных искусств Наркомпроса, а также работе сотрудников Музея живописной культуры. В конце статьи коротко представлены результаты проведенной реставрации, упоминаются предварительные итоги исследования по уточнению датировок и атрибуций каждой из композиций этого двустороннего произведения. The «Portrait of three personages» by N.S. Goncharova entered the collection of the Totma Museum Association in 1927 when it arrived from the Central Depository of the State museum fund. From the Museum’s accession book we know, that formerly the painting was held in The Moscow Museum of Artistic Culture. In this article we attempt to reconstruct the provenance of the painting in question. For this purpose we’ve studied a wide range of diverse and sometimes contradictory documents and memories, illustrating the history of the relocations of the artist’s works, the work of the Museum and the Purchasing Commissions of the Visual Art Department of the People's Commissariat of Education, and the work of the staff of the Moscow Museum of Artistic Culture. At the end of the article we briefly describe the results of the restoration of the painting, conducted at the Grabar Art Conservation Center, and also mention the preliminary results of the research, aimed to reconfirm the attributions and the dates of creation of both compositions of this two-sided exhibit.

scholarly journals The main results of breeding and seed production of perennial grasses on the Don area in 2010–2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
S. A. Ignatiev ◽  
A. A. Regidin ◽  
T. V. Gryazeva ◽  
K. N. Goryunov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
The Moment

The current paper has presented an overview of the work of the laboratory for breeding and seed production of perennial grasses of the ARC “Donskoy” over a ten-year period. There has been presented a brief history of the development of the laboratory from the moment of its establishment to the present day. The main purpose of the work in this period was the breeding, reproduction, introduction into production of the new alfalfa and sainfoin varieties with a wide range of resistance to various stress factors with high productivity of forage and seeds. In the collection farms of alfalfa there have been tested and agro biologically estimated more than 600 varieties from the world collection of VIR, other research institutions and local hybrids. Based on this work there have been developed an initial material with a wide variability of economically-biological useful characters using the methods of hybridization and selection. The best lines and hybrids were included in the complex hybrid populations, which became the basis for the development of the new alfalfa varieties ‘Selyanka’ (2013) and ‘Golubka’ (2019). Throughout the history of the laboratory, great attention was paid to the development of the new sainfoin varieties, as a result of which there were zoned such varieties as ‘Severokavkazky dvuukosny’ (1947), ‘Zernogradsky 2’ (1998), ‘Zernogradsky 3’ (2001), ‘Atamansky’ (2004), ‘Veles’ (2010). Over the past ten years, there were developed the sainfoin varieties ‘Sudar’ (2013) and ‘Shuravi’ (2019) protected by a patent, the varieties undergone the State Variety Testing, were included into the State List of Breeding Achievements approved for use in several regions of the Russian Federation. There has been given a brief description of the current problems of breeding and primary seed production of perennial grasses, as well as the directions of the laboratory's work to solve them. There has been presented the publication activity of the researchers of the laboratory.

scholarly journals New Documents on the History and Heritage of Russian America in the Fonds of the State Archive of the Kostroma Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 615-626
Author(s):  
Alexander Yu. Petrov ◽  
◽  
Yuliya S. Egorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Document Collection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian America

Presenting new documents to the scholarly society is important for studying the history and heritage of Russian America. The authors pay special attention to the fonds of regional archives, as their unique documents expand our knowledge of already known subjects and elaborate the historical and cultural heritage of Russian America. The State Archive of the Kostroma Region stores papers of local ethnographers, who meticulously collected materials on the history and heritage of the Russian colonial past. These documents have rarely being studied and remain unknown to researchers. The purpose of the article is to study the fonds of the State Archive of the Kostroma Region in order to identify new documents on the history of the Russian colonization of Alaska, as well as documents on the historical and cultural heritage of Russia in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. The object of the research is document collection deposited in the State Archive of the Kostroma Region. The collection consists of hundreds of documents related to the history of the development of the Far East and Russian America and can provide a basis for preparing scholarly articles on a wide range of issues, such as the history of Russo-Chinese and Russo-Japanese relations, the interaction of the Russians and indigenous peoples of Siberia and Alaska, the transfer of Alaska to the USA, the financial and economic development of the Russian -American company and its joint-stock. Documents from N. N. Selifontov personal provenance fond shed light on the interactions of the Russian-American company with various government agencies during the sale of Alaska to the United States. Of particular value are N. N. Selifontov’s marginalia touching upon certain events in the history of Russian America, as well as his hand-written papers containing his personal opinion on the interaction of the Irkutsk governor-general with the royal court. The corpus of documents from Grigorov collection is vital for studying the early Russian exploration of the Aleutian Islands and Alaska and for preserving the memory of exploration of Alaska in various Russia towns.

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