scholarly journals Inhibition of the BMP pathway prevents development of Barrett’s-associated adenocarcinoma in a surgical rat model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wytske M Westra ◽  
Danielle Straub ◽  
Francesca Milano ◽  
Navtej S Buttar ◽  
Kenneth K Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Reflux Esophagitis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Local Delivery ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Aggressive Cancer ◽  
Bmp Pathway ◽  
Bmp Antagonist

Summary Introduction Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is an aggressive cancer, associated with reflux esophagitis and intestinal metaplasia (IM). One underlying biological mechanism, which possibly drives the development of EAC, is the dysregulated expression of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). Aim To investigate if local delivery of Noggin, a BMP antagonist, reduced EAC. Methods After obtaining proof of principal on local delivery of a Noggin/Sucralfate substance, a randomized controlled trial to test the effects of Noggin on EAC development was performed in a surgical rat model. In the model, an esophago-jejunostomy leads to development of reflux-esophagitis, IM and eventually EAC. Rats were treated by Noggin/Sucralfate or Sucralfate alone. Treatment was administered from 26 to 29 weeks after the operation. Results Of the 112 operated rats, 52 survived beyond 26 weeks. Finally, 25 rats treated with Noggin/Sucralfate and 21 with Sucralfate, were evaluated. At the end, 39 (85%) of the animals had IM while 28 (61%) developed cancer. There were significantly more cancers in the Noggin/Sucralfate arm (50%) versus the Sucralfate group (73%) (Chi square, P < 0.05). Most cancers were mucous producing T3 adenocarcinomas. There were no significant differences in the amount of IM, size or grade of the cancers, or expression of columnar and squamous markers between the two groups. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated that inhibition of BMPs by Noggin reduced development of EAC in a surgical esophagitis-IM-EAC rat model. In future, effective targeting of the BMP pathway with selective BMP-inhibitors could become an important asset to improve EAC patient outcome.

scholarly journals A randomized controlled trial of combination of peppermint, lavender, and turmeric oil for antipruritic agent in pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Fransisca Retno Asih ◽  
Farid Husin ◽  
Oki Suwarsa ◽  
Irda Fidrianny ◽  
Dany Hilmanto
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Level I ◽  
And Control ◽  
Single Blind

BACKGROUND Pruritus is the most common dermatological complaint that occurs during pregnancy, which is around 14–20%. No research related to herbal products to reduce some of the characteristics of pruritus at once has been conducted. This study aimed to assess the effect of blending oil to reduce pruritus based on visual analog scale (VAS). METHODS This was a single-blind, randomized clinical trial that included 57 pregnant women who were at 25–38 weeks of gestation, had a pruritus during pregnancy, a single pregnancy, a level I and II pruritus and a moderate to severe pruritus based on VAS. Pruritus scores were measured using VAS in both the treatment and control groups. The treatment and control groups applied blending oil and placebo, respectively, twice a day after bathing for 2 weeks. Mann–Whitney U, paired t, and chi-square tests were used for the analysis. RESULTS Pruritus reduction in pregnant women who received blending oil was higher than those using placebo (61.08% versus 12.41%, p<0.05). 83% of subjects using blending oils had a reduction of pruritus by >25 mm. Pregnant women who used placebo had a six times greater risk of experiencing pruritus than those who used blending oil (RR = 5.8, 95% CI = 2.613–12.874). CONCLUSIONS Blending oil can be used topically to treat a pruritus in pregnant women.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF BACK MASSAGE TO IMPROVE BREAST MILK PRODUCTION FOR MOTHERSAFTER SECAREAN SECTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Adinda Putri Sari Dewi ◽  
Djaswadi Dasuki ◽  
Farida Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Back Massage

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui efek pijat punggung sebagai salah satu cara dalam meningkatkan produksi ASI pada ibu pasca bedah sesar. Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Randomized Controlled Trial. Teknik Pengambilan sampel dengan simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 27 responden pada masing-masing kelompok (intervensi dan kontrol). Analisis bivariat menggunakan chi square dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05, analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik untuk mengidentifikasi variabel perancu terhadap produksi ASI pasca bedah sesar. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan adanya perbedaan produksi ASI antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dengan RR sebesar 1,9 (95%CI: 1,097-3,291). Paritas dan frekuensi menyusui mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan produksi ASI pada ibu pasca bedah sesar.Usia ibu, obesitas, waktu rawat gabung tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan produksi ASI.

scholarly journals SMS education for the promotion of diabetes self-management in low & middle income countries: a pilot randomized controlled trial in Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Abaza ◽  
Michael Marschollek
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Management Behaviors

Abstract Background Due to the ubiquity of mobile phones in low and middle income countries, we aimed to examine the feasibility of SMS education among diabetic patients in Egypt, and assess the impact of educational text messages, compared to traditional paper-based methods, on glycemic control and self-management behaviors. Methods We conducted a 12-week randomized controlled trial at Misr University for Science & Technology hospital in Cairo-Egypt. Known as MUST diabetes awareness program, patients were included if they had diabetes, owned a mobile phone, and could read SMS messages or lived with someone that could read for them. Intervention patients received daily messages and weekly reminders addressing various diabetes care categories. We expected greater improvement in their glycemic control compared to controls who only received paper-based educational material. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c, measured by the difference between endpoint and baseline values and by the number of patients who experienced at least 1% reduction from baseline to endpoint. Key secondary outcomes included blood glucose levels, body weight, treatment and medication adherence, self-efficacy, and diabetes knowledge. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA, chi-square, and t-tests. Results Thirty four intervention and 39 control patients completed the study. Over 12 weeks, 3880 messages were sent. Each intervention patient received 84 educational and 12 reminder messages plus one welcome message. Our primary outcome did not differ significantly (Δ 0.290; 95% CI -0.402 to 0.983; p = 0.406) between groups after 3 months, demonstrating a mean drop of −0.69% and −1.05% in the control and intervention group respectively. However, 16 intervention patients achieved the targeted 1% drop versus only 6 controls, suggesting clear association between study group and 1% HbA1c reductions (chi-square = 8.655; df = 1; p = 0.003). Secondary outcomes seemed in favor of intervention patients at endpoint, with considerable improvements in treatment and medication adherence, self-efficacy, and knowledge scores. Participants also indicated full satisfaction with the program. Conclusions SMS education is a feasible and acceptable method for improving glycemic control and self-management behaviors among Egyptian diabetics. However, whether it is more effective than traditional paper-based methods needs further investigation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT02868320. Registered 9 August 2016. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Randomized controlled trial of erdosteine for acute cough in children with colds

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Yenny Yenny ◽  
Roni Naning ◽  
Amalia Setyati
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Acute Cough ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference

Background T h e prevalence of the common cold in children is high, v.ith 30% of cases exhibiting an acute cough, the most common complaint by parents. Erdosteine, a recently developed cough medicine, is available for children. Erdosteine has been reported to increase mucodliary clearance, act as an antioxidant and prevent bacterial adhesion.Objective To assess the clinical improvement in acute cough in children \\lith a common cold taking erdosteine vs. a placebo.Methods We conducted a double􀀾blind, randomized, controlled trial at the Public Health Center of Gedongtengen, Yogyakarta with 140 children selected by a consecutive sampling method. Research subjects were randomized by computer program into two treatment groups, those receiving erdosteine therapy and those receiving a placebo. Both groups were monitored for 6 days. A scoring system was used to assess the improvement of acute cough symptoms and analyzed by Chi-square test.Results No significant differences in basic characteristics, cough severity, or environment were found among the 140 children with common cold in the two groups. After 6 days of treatment, no significant difference in clinical improvement of acute cough was found between the erdosteine (65 subjects improved out of 70) and placebo groups (62/70),92.5% and 88.6%, respectively (P=0.382).Conclusion Erdosteine was not more effective than the placebo for treatment of acute cough in children with common cold.

Short-term acenocumarine (A) or dalteparine (D) for the prevention of central venous catheter-related thrombosis (CVCrT) in cancer patients. A randomized controlled study based on serial venographies

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8549-8549 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De Cicco ◽  
M. Matovic ◽  
R. Pacenzia ◽  
D. Fantin ◽  
M. Caserta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Thrombosis Prophylaxis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Chi Square Test

8549 Background: Timing and frequency of non occlusive (nO) or occlusive (O) CVCrT in cancer patients (pts) remain unclear. In this randomized controlled trial we studied these points and evaluated the efficacy and safety of short-term prophylaxis with A or D in the prevention of CVCrT. Methods: Consecutive cancer pts without contraindications to short-term anticoagulation, scheduled for chemotherapy via CVC, were randomly assigned to receive: A 1 mg/day for 3 days before and 8 days after CVC insertion; D 5,000 IU 2 hours before and daily for 8 days after CVC insertion; no anticoagulant treatment (NT). All pts underwent venography (V) at day 8 and 30 after CVC insertion and then every two months until CVC removal . The primary endpoint was V detected CVCrT, evaluated as nO or O when it was partially or completely occlusive of the vein lumen, respectively. Bleeding episodes were recorded. Proportions were compared using chi-square test together with odds ratio (OR). Results: 450 pts were randomized, 348 of whom (120/150 A, 114/150 D, and 114/150 NT) underwent V (median number of procedures 4, range 2–8). Both A and D reduced the frequency of V detected CVCrT (21.9% A vs 55.3% NT, OR= 4.35 (95% CI 2.43–7.69), p<0.001; 40% D vs 55.3% NT, OR= 1.85 (95% CI 1.10–3.13), p=0.02). A was more effective than D (OR= 2.37 (CI 1.34–4.22), p= 0.003). The frequency of O CVCrT was not different in the 3 groups (0.9% A, 5.0% D, 4.4% NT; p= 0.18). Overall, 5.1% of pts with CVCrT were symptomatic, all presenting O CVCrT (42% of pts with O CVCrT were not symptomatic). Most CVCrTs (95.6%) were observed at day 8 after CVC insertion. No major bleeding or pulmonary embolism occurred. Conclusions: In this study, acenocumarine was more effective than dalteparine in reducing V detected CVCrT. The doses of prophylactic agents used in this study proved to be safe. Symptomatic CVCrT evaluation alone underestimates the actual CVCrT frequency. The first days following CVC insertion are at highest risk for CVCrT. Short term thrombosis prophylaxis appears to be superior to no treatment without the expenses and inconveniences inherent in long-term prophylaxis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries in Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. e226341
Author(s):  
Moses Okechukwu Azouru ◽  
Modupe Olufunmilayo Ashiwaju ◽  
Augustine Edomwonyi ◽  
Afolabi Oyapero ◽  
Bola Obisesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean

Treatment of dental caries in children still remains challenging due to lack of cooperation with conventional treatment modalities. Recently, the use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) has proved useful in addressing this challenge. Aim: This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) in arresting caries in children in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a phase III balanced randomized controlled school based interventional study on 240 children. The study group was treated with SDF while GIC was used in the control group. Follow up visits in 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months were carried out to assess the treatment outcome. Inferential statistics with the use of Pearson Chi-square test and Independent Student t-test were used at 5% level of significance. Results: There was significant relationship between SDF and caries arrest in 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months’ assessment period (p = 0.001). The control group showed continuous decline (71.7%, 54.3% and 50.9%) in restorative success from 2 weeks to 3 months respectively. The mean ± SD and Confidence Interval (CI) of arrested caries in the SDF group were 113± 1.24 and 113.1 – 113.5 respectively. In the control group the mean ± SD and CI of restorative success were 69.3±11.8 and 67.2 – 71.4. The effect size was 5.24. Conclusion: The result of the study showed that SDF was effective in arresting caries in children without any harm and there was statistically significant difference in the use of 38% SDF in arresting caries in children.

scholarly journals PENGARUH HYPNOBIRTHING TERHADAP INTENSITAS NYERI PADA PERSALINAN KALA I FASE AKTIF DI BPM ISTRI UTAMI DAN TUTIK PURWANI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zaiyidah Fathony
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hypnobirthing terhadap intensitas nyeri pada persalinan kala I fase aktif. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimen  dengan rancangan Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang memeriksakan diri ke BPM Istri Utami  dan BPM Tutik Purwani Kabupaten Sleman dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara random dengan 22 sampel pada masing-masing kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Analisis data menggunakan chi square. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, rerata skor nyeri antara  kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok  kontrol terdapat perbedaan (p= 0,025). Hasil analisis multivariat model II didapatkan nilai OR dari variabel hypnobirthing adalah 4,50 yang berarti ibu yang tidak diberikan hypnobirthing berpeluang 4,50 kali untuk mengalami nyeri persalinan berat dibandingkan ibu bersalin yang diberikan perlakuan hypnobirthing. Hypnobirthing  yang dilakukan sejak kehamilan trimester III (usia kehamilan 32 minggu) yang diberikan sebanyak 3 kali dalam 3 minggu berpengaruh terhadap intensitas nyeri saat persalinan kala I fase aktif.

scholarly journals The role of glucomannan fiber in childhood functional constipation

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Indiana Aulia ◽  
Supriatmo Supriatmo ◽  
Emil Azlin ◽  
Atan Baas Sinuhaji
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rome Iii ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

its most common type is functional constipation. The dietary fiber may be useful in childhood functional constipation management, but unfortunately the role of fiber in functional constipation is still less developed.Objective To determine the role of glucomannan in treatment of childhood functional constipation.Methods A crossover randomized controlled trial (RCT) was done from May until July 2012 in a boarding school in Medan, North Sumatera. The subjects were children with functional constipation aged 7 to 12 years. Subjects were randomised into two group receiving glucomannan fiber as polysaccharide gel (group A) and maltodextrin as placebo (group B) with each dose of 100 mg/kg/day (maximum of 5 g/day) diluted in 50 ml water/500 mg for 4 weeks, then after a wash out period we did the crossover of the two groups. Frequency and consistency of stools were recorded into diary sheet for 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Functional constipation has been diagnosed based on Rome III criteria. Data was analyzed using independent T-test and Chi-square test.Results A total of 36 subjects were eligible with each group consisting of 18 subjects and mean of weight of 25 kg. We found significant difference in stool frequency, treated on glucomannan with P= 0.002 before and P = 0.0001 after the wash out period. For stool consistency, we found difference while treated on glucomannan 9/18 (P= 0.034) in 4 weeks before and 11/18 (P = 0.008) in 4 weeks after the wash out period.Conclusion Glucomannan has significant effect to improve functional constipation especially in 4 weeks treatment.

scholarly journals Pethidine in Low Doses versus Dipyrone for Pain Relief in Labor: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 084-089
Author(s):  
Rogevando Nunes ◽  
André Primo
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Single Intravenous Dose ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
To Receive

Objective To compare low doses of pethidine with dipyrone in labor analgesia. Methods In a randomized prospective study conducted by Universidade de Fortaleza, in the state of Ceará, Brazil, between May and December 2016, 200 full-term parturients, with very painful uterine contractions and exhibiting uterine cervix dilatation ≥ 5 cm, were selected to receive a single intravenous dose of either 0.25 mg/kg of pethidine (n = 100) or of 25 mg/kg of dipyrone (n = 100). Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale. The data were analyzed using the Student t-test, the chi-square test and the likelihood ratio. Results There was a significant improvement in pain in 35% of the parturients. Both drugs presented a similar analgesic effect 1 hour after the intervention (p = 0.692). There was no analgesic effect during the evaluation of the second hour after the intervention with pethidine or dipyrone. There were no adverse effects, such as maternal drowsiness, nausea or vomiting, related to the drugs used. Conclusion Pethidine in low doses and dipyrone presented equivalent analgesia during labor. Public Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-4hsyy4.

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