scholarly journals Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Silibinin in a Rat Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Haddad ◽  
Diane Vallerand ◽  
Antoine Brault ◽  
Pierre S. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive liver disease related to the metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes. The rising prevalence of NASH and the lack of efficient treatments have led to the exploration of different therapeutic approaches. Milk thistle (Silibum marianum) is a medicinal plant used for its hepatoprotective properties in chronic liver disease since the 4th century BC. We explored the therapeutic effect of silibinin, the plant's most biologically active extract, in an experimental rat NASH model. A control group was fed a standard liquid diet for 12 weeks. The other groups were fed a high-fat liquid diet for 12 weeks without (NASH) or with simultaneous daily supplement with silibinin–phosphatidylcholine complex (Silibinin 200 mg kg−1) for the last 5 weeks. NASH rats developed all key hallmarks of the pathology. Treatment with silibinin improved liver steatosis and inflammation and decreased NASH-induced lipid peroxidation, plasma insulin and TNF-α. Silibinin also decreasedO2∙-release and returned the relative liver weight as well as GSH back to normal. Our results suggest that milk thistle's extract, silibinin, possesses antioxidant, hypoinsulinemic and hepatoprotective properties that act against NASH-induced liver damage. This medicinal herb thus shows promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of NASH.

Relationship of serum vaspin, nafld fibrosis score to ultrasonographic detection and quantification of steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Mohamed Byoumy ◽  
Moataz Mohamed Sayed ◽  
Shereen Abo Baker Abd El-Rahman ◽  
Sara Abd Elkader Al-Nakib ◽  
Mohamed Magdy Salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fibrosis Score ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nafld Fibrosis Score ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Abstract Background Ectopic hepatic lipid accumulation is closely related to the development of insulin resistance, which is regarded as one of the most significant risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the study was to evaluate and validate the diagnostic value of serum vaspin, NAFLD Fibrosis Score and sonograghic parameters in detection and quantification of liver steatosis and determining further need for liver biopsy or other means to establish NAFLD diagnosis. Methods This study was carried out on 60 patients having bright liver in ultrasonography and 30 healthy persons as controls. The subjects were divided into the following groups; group A: 30 age and sex matched healthy volunteers (control group), group B: 20 patients with fatty liver grade I, group C: 20 patients with fatty liver grade II and group D: 20 patients with fatty liver grade III. Results serum vaspine levels and NAFLD fibrosis score, were significantly higher in patients than in controls with p-value:<0.001. There was a significant positive correlation between NAFLD fibrosis score and serum vaspin and ultrasonographic findngs of NAFLD with p-value: <0.001. Conclusion Vaspin seem to be the most suitable non-invasive biomarker in predicting both intrahepatic lipid contents in NAFLD group.

scholarly journals Prevalence of the hemochromatosis gene mutation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and correlation with degree of liver fibrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idilio Zamin Jr ◽  
Angelo Alves de Mattos ◽  
Ângelo Zambam de Mattos ◽  
Eduardo Migon ◽  
Claudia Bica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Hemochromatosis Gene

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a chronic liver disease with a high prevalence in the general population and a potential to evolve into cirrhosis. It is speculated that iron overload could be associated with liver injury and unfavorable progress in affected patients. AIMS: To evaluate the prevalence of mutation of the hemochromatosis gene (HFE) in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and to correlate it with histological findings in liver specimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were evaluated. The presence of mutation in the hemochromatosis gene (C282Y and H63D) was tested in all patients and its result was evaluated in relation to hepatic inflammatory activity, presence of fibrosis, and iron overload in the liver. The control group was composed of 20 patients with normal liver function tests and 20 patients infected with the hepatitis C virus, with elevated serum levels of aminotransferases and with chronic hepatitis as shown by biopsy. RESULTS: Mutation of the hemochromatosis gene (C282Y and/or H63D) was diagnosed in 16 (55.2%) patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, in 12 (60%) patients with hepatitis C and in 8 (40%) patients with no liver disease. No association was found between the presence of mutation and inflammatory activity, nor with the presence of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. An association was found between the presence of mutation and the occurrence of iron overload in liver, but there was no association between liver iron and the occurrence of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that iron does not play a major role in the pathogenesis and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and routine tests of the hemochromatosis gene mutation in these patients should not be recommended.

scholarly journals Hepatic transcriptome signatures in patients with varying degrees of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease compared with healthy normal-weight individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (4) ◽  
pp. G462-G472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte P. Suppli ◽  
Kristoffer T. G. Rigbolt ◽  
Sanne S. Veidal ◽  
Sara Heebøll ◽  
Peter Lykke Eriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hepatic Transcriptome

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of conditions ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL), over nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis, to cirrhosis with end-stage disease. The hepatic molecular events underlying the development of NAFLD and transition to NASH are poorly understood. The present study aimed to determine hepatic transcriptome dynamics in patients with NAFL or NASH compared with healthy normal-weight and obese individuals. RNA sequencing and quantitative histomorphometry of liver fat, inflammation and fibrosis were performed on liver biopsies obtained from healthy normal-weight ( n = 14) and obese ( n = 12) individuals, NAFL ( n = 15) and NASH ( n = 16) patients. Normal-weight and obese subjects showed normal liver histology and comparable gene expression profiles. Liver transcriptome signatures were largely overlapping in NAFL and NASH patients, however, clearly separated from healthy normal-weight and obese controls. Most marked pathway perturbations identified in both NAFL and NASH were associated with markers of lipid metabolism, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell cycle control. Interestingly, NASH patients with positive Sonic hedgehog hepatocyte staining showed distinct transcriptome and histomorphometric changes compared with NAFL. In conclusion, application of immunohistochemical markers of hepatocyte injury may serve as a more objective tool for distinguishing NASH from NAFL, facilitating improved resolution of hepatic molecular changes associated with progression of NAFLD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in Western countries. NAFLD is associated with the metabolic syndrome and can progress to the more serious form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and ultimately lead to irreversible liver damage. Using gold standard molecular and histological techniques, this study demonstrates that the currently used diagnostic tools are problematic for differentiating mild NAFLD from NASH and emphasizes the marked need for developing improved histological markers of NAFLD progression.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Interactions between Liver Parenchymal and Nonparenchymal Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Magee ◽  
An Zou ◽  
Yuxia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Parenchymal ◽  
Nonparenchymal Cells ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of chronic liver disease in the Western countries, affecting up to 25% of the general population and becoming a major health concern in both adults and children. NAFLD encompasses the entire spectrum of fatty liver disease in individuals without significant alcohol consumption, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. NASH is a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and hepatic disorders with the presence of steatosis, hepatocyte injury (ballooning), inflammation, and, in some patients, progressive fibrosis leading to cirrhosis. The pathogenesis of NASH is a complex process and implicates cell interactions between liver parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells as well as crosstalk between various immune cell populations in liver. Lipotoxicity appears to be the central driver of hepatic cellular injury via oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This review focuses on the contributions of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells to NASH, assessing their potential applications to the development of novel therapeutic agents. Currently, there are limited pharmacological treatments for NASH; therefore, an increased understanding of NASH pathogenesis is pertinent to improve disease interventions in the future.

scholarly journals Early cardiac electrical and structural changes in patients with non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Ekrem Aksu ◽  
Abdullah Sokmen ◽  
Murat Ispiroglu ◽  
Kadir Gisi ◽  
Enes Celik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background    Obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was found to increase the risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) regardless of the metabolic syndrome subgroups that may accompany it. In this study, the effect of NAFLD on the structural and electrical functions of the heart was investigated using tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) in non-obese NAFLD patients without any known risk factors for AF.Material and methods    The study included 43 female patients (31.3±3.8 years), who had stage 2–3 hepatosteatosis detected by liver ultrasonography and diagnosed as non-obese NAFLD (patient group), and 31 healthy women (control group, 32.5±3.6 years). In addition to standard echocardiographic parameters, inter- and intra-atrial electromechanical delay (EMD) were evaluated by TDE.Results    Interatrial EMD (PA lateral – PA tricuspid) and intraatrial EMD (PA septum – PA tricuspid) were significantly longer in patient group (16.1±3.4 vs. 12.5±2.3 ms, p<0.001, and 8.4±1.6 vs. 6.6±1.6 ms, p<0.001, respectively). At the subclinical level. atrial size, left ventricular diastolic function, and left ventricular wall thickness measurements were greater in the patient group.Conclusion    Inter-atrial and intra-atrial EMD were detected in young women with non-obese NAFLD. In addition, at the subclinical level, structural and functional impairment was detected However, large-volume prospective studies are required to cobfirm these findings regarding the development of AF in non-obese NAFLD patients. 

Effect and Mechanism of Virechana Karma (Therapeutic Purgation) Over Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Chaturvedi ◽  
Prasanna N. Rao ◽  
M. Ashvini Kumar ◽  
B. Ravishankar ◽  
Niranjan Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Background. Panchakarma (biopurification methods) is one of the modes of ayurveda to treat disorders of the body. Virechana karma (therapeutic purgation), one among the Panchakarma, is a purification process that is commonly used to treat metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes mellitus. Hence this study was planned to provide evidence through animal experiments. Methods. Albino rats were subject to Virechana karma (therapeutic purgation) to evaluate the influence of therapy and its mechanism over fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Results. Results show that Virechana is effective in the management of the metabolic syndrome with decrease in the fecal fat content, fasting blood glucose, serum triglyceride, and reduced fatty changes in liver, heart, and kidney in comparison with the positive control group. Conclusion. Experimental evaluation showed decrease in fatty acid in the storage like liver, kidney, heart, and muscle adipose tissue can indirectly increase the insulin sensitivity in insulin receptor present at skeletal muscles.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and transient elastography

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-217
Author(s):  
Ivana Mikolasevic ◽  
Andela Lukic ◽  
Toni Juric ◽  
Mia Klapan ◽  
Petra Madzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Terminal Stage ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Number Of Patients

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious condition that can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and all of its components. According to data, around 25-30% of population has NAFLD. Giving the growing incidence of MetS, obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2, NAFLD related terminal-stage liver disease is becoming prevailing indication for liver transplantation. In order to prevent terminal stage of this disease, it is crucial to determine those that are in risk group, to modify their risk factors and monitor their potential progression. In the absence of other causes of chronic liver disease, the prime diagnosis of NAFLD in daily clinical practice includes anamnesis, laboratory results (increased levels of aminotransferases and gammaglutamil transferases) and imaging methods. The biggest challenge with NAFLD patients is to differentiate simple steatosis from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and detection of fibrosis, that is the main driver in NAFLD progression. The gold standard for NAFLD diagnosis still remains the liver biopsy (LB). However, in recent years many noninvasive methods were invented, such as transient elastography (TE). TE (FibroScan®, Echosens, Paris, France) is used for diagnosis of pathological differences of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Investigations in the last years have confirmed that elastographic parameters of steatsis (CAP) and fibrosis (LSM) are reliable biomarkers to non-invasively assess liver steatosis and fibrosis respectively in NAFLD patients. A quick, straightforward and non-invasive method for NAFLD screening in patients with MetS components is TE-CAP. Once diagnosed, the next step is to determine the presence of fibrosis by LSM which should point out high risk patients. Those patients should be referred to hepatologists. LB may be avoided in a substantial number of patients if TE with CAP is used for screening.

scholarly journals Hepatocellular damage and inflammation in various forms of alcoholic liver disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Alisa S. Rodina ◽  
Marina E. Shubina ◽  
Irina V. Kurbatova ◽  
Ludmila V. Topchieva ◽  
Olga P. Dudanova
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Hepatic Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Immune Inflammation

Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate hepatocellular damage and immune inflammation in various forms of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Materials and methods. 104 patients with ALD were examined: 15 (14.4%) with liver steatosis (LS), 19 (18.3%) with steatohepatitis and 70 (67.3%) with liver cirrhosis (LC); men 50 (48.1%), women 54 (51.9%); age 45.78.4 years. Traditional clinical, laboratory, instrumental studies were performed, the levels of fragments of cytokeratin-18 (FCK-18), cytokines IL-1, TNF-, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 were determined by ELISA. The control group consisted of 39 healthy individuals: men 20 (51.2%), women 19 (48.7%), age 48.58.3 years. Results. In LS, an increase in the level of FCK-18 was noted with normal aminotransferase activity, the content of TNF-, IL-6, IL-1, IL-8 increased and the level of IL-4 decreased compared to those in healthy individuals. In steatohepatitis, a triple increase in aminotransferases and FCK-18 was observed compared with LS, as well as an increase in the level of inflammatory mediators, to a greater extent IL-6, to a lesser extent IL-8, TNF-, a decrease in IL-4, IL-1 remained at the same level. In LC, there was a further increase in FCK-18, significantly more pronounced than an increase in AST, and the increase in cytokines continued to the same extent, the levels of IL-6 and IL-8, to a lesser extent IL-1 and TNF-, and the level of IL-4. Conclusion. With the progression of ALD from LS to steatohepatitis, hepatic cell damage was carried out by equally pronounced processes of hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis, with the development of cirrhosis of the liver, parenchyma damage occurred mainly due to hepatocyte apoptosis. The immuno-inflammatory process progressively increased from the stage of LS to LC with IL-6 and IL-8 undergoing the greatest dynamics. FCK-18 can serve as a non-invasive marker of hepatic cell damage, and IL-6 and IL-8 markers of immune inflammation in ALD.

scholarly journals Association Between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatic Adipose Deposition and Stiffness in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Dongyu Li ◽  
Yuping Liu ◽  
Ping Shuai
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
H Pylori

Background: Both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection have high prevalence worldwide, and the relationship between both remains controversial. We try to investigate whether H. pylori infection is associated with NAFLD and increased liver fat deposition and stiffness in this cross-sectional study.Methods: The physical examination data of 5,665 subjects were obtained from February 2018 to June 2019 in this study. Clinical and biochemical data were collected. NAFLD was diagnosed using abdominal color Doppler ultrasonography. Liver steatosis and stiffness were understood by two parameters of transient elastography (TE): fat attenuation parameter (FAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). H. pylori infection was determined using the 13C urea breath tests.Results: The total prevalence of NAFLD and H. pylori infection was 30.2 and 37.0%, respectively. In men, the prevalence of NAFLD and the levels of FAP and LSM in H. pylori-positive group were significantly higher than H. pylori-negative group (all p &lt; 0.01), but no significant difference was found in women. In men, the infection rate of H. pylori in NAFLD group and LSM ≥ 7.4 kPa group was significantly higher than control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that H. pylori infection was not independently associated with NAFLD and FAP ≥ 240 dB/m. However, H. pylori infection was associated with LSM ≥ 7.4 kPa in men.Conclusions: Our study suggests that H. pylori infection is not significantly associated with NAFLD and elevated liver steatosis, whereas it may be the risk factor of elevated liver stiffness in men.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

2010 ◽  
pp. 2480-2482
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Stewart ◽  
Chris P. Day
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Disorder ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Nonalcoholic Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in the developed world, affecting 20 to 30% of Western adults. Nonalcoholic liver disease occurs with a range of severity from simple steatosis through nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to fatty fibrosis—and, ultimately, cirrhosis. The condition is a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia; dietary and genetic factors appear to determine susceptibility to the disease and its progression....

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