scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Polysaccharide fromChlorophytum borivilianumRoots

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Thakur ◽  
Paul Connellan ◽  
Myrna A. Deseo ◽  
Carol Morris ◽  
Vinod K. Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Immunoglobulin Level ◽  
Nk Cell Activity

Chlorophytum borivilianumSantapau & Fernandes (Liliaceae) is an ayurvedicRasayanaherb with immunostimulating properties. The polysaccharide fraction (CBP) derived from hot water extraction ofC. borivilianum(CB), comprising of~31% inulin-type fructans and~25% acetylated mannans (of hot water-soluble extract), was evaluated for its effect on natural killer (NK) cell activity (in vitro). Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), isolated from whole blood on a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient, were tested in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of eachC. borivilianumfraction for modulation of NK cell cytotoxic activity toward K562 cells. Preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation against P388 cells was performed to establish non-cytotoxic concentrations of the different fractions.Testing showed the observed significant stimulation of NK cell activity to be due to the CBP ofC. borivilianum. Furthermore,in vivoevaluation carried out on Wistar strain albino rats for humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) and immunoglobulin-level determination using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), exhibited an effectiveness ofC. borivilianumaqueous extract in improving immune function. Present results provide useful information for understanding the role of CBP in modulating immune function.

Comparison of Immunological and Endocrinological Markers Associated with Major Depression

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Jozuka ◽  
E Jozuka ◽  
S Takeuchi ◽  
O Nishikaze
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Self Rating

Natural-killer-(NK)-cell activity and blood levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulphate (DHEA-S) and cortisol were measured in 17 patients with major depression and 10 control subjects. Depression severity was evaluated using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale. NK-cell activity and IL-2 levels were measured using a chromium-51 release test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Radioimmunoassays were used to measure serum cortisol, DHEA and DHEA-S. As would be expected, patients with major depression had a higher score on the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale than healthy controls. Compared with controls, NK-cell activity and levels of cortisol and DHEA were reduced in patients with major depression, whereas IL-2 levels were increased. No difference was observed in DHEA-S levels between patients and controls. A reduction in NK-cell activity and DHEA levels, and an increase in IL-2 levels appear to be associated with major depression. Whether these changes are the cause or the consequence of the depression remains to be determined.

Clinical response augments NK cell activity independent of treatment modality: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled antidepressant trial

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. FRANK ◽  
S. E. HENDRICKS ◽  
W. J. BURKE ◽  
D. R. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

Background. Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with alterations in immune function. Suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity (NKCA) reliably characterizes immunological alterations observed in MDD. Antidepressant pharmacotherapy has been associated with modulation of NKCA. Previous investigations into antidepressant modulation of NKCA have not employed randomized double-blind placebo controlled designs. Thus, it is unknown whether treatment-associated changes in immune function are due to drug, placebo, or spontaneous remission effects. The present investigation examined the effect of antidepressant treatment on NKCA utilizing a randomized double-blind placebo controlled experimental design.Method. Patients (N=16) met DSM-IV criteria for MDD and were randomly assigned to drug (N=8; citalopram, 20 mg/day) or placebo (N=8) under double-blind conditions. Severity and pattern of depressive symptoms were assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). NK cell function was measured using a standard chromium-release assay and NK cell number assessed by flow cytometry. HDRS scores, NK cell function, and NK cell numbers were collected at 0, 1, 2 and 4 weeks of treatment.Results. Clinical response was associated with augmented NKCA independent of treatment condition. Failure to respond to treatment resulted in significantly reduced NKCA over treatment interval.Conclusions. The present results suggest that alterations in the depressive syndrome, regardless of therapeutic modality, may be sufficient to modulate NKCA during antidepressant trials and thus may significantly impact on co-morbid health outcomes in MDD.

Effect of Jin Jiang Granules on Immune Function in Normal Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 850-851 ◽  
pp. 1259-1262
Author(s):  
Ming San Miao ◽  
Rui Qi Li ◽  
Xue Xia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis

Objective: Explore the effect of functional food Jin Jiang granules on immune function in normal mice, to provide basis for Jin Jiang granules which are applied in early stage of cold. Methods: After normal mice were given to different doses of Jin Jiang granules, levels of peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis rate and indexes, thymus and spleen indexes, haemolysin, hemolytic plaque, peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation rate, NK cell activity were determined. Results: Compared with blank group, Jin Jiang granules can improve levels of peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis, organ indexes, haemolysin, hemolytic plaque, peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation rate, NK cell activity. Conclusion: Jin Jiang granules can improve the organisms immunity, relieve symptoms and promote recovery when applied in early stage of cold.

634 Production and testing of a novel bispecific nanobody construct targeting NK cells and EGFR expressing malignancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A670-A670
Author(s):  
Elisa Toffoli ◽  
Abdolkarim Sheikhi ◽  
Roeland Lameris ◽  
Lisa King ◽  
Jurriaan Tuynman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Tumor Cell Lysis

BackgroundThe ability to kill tumor cells with an acceptable toxicity profile, makes Natural Killer (NK) cells promising assets for cancer therapy. However, strategies to enhance the preferential accumulation and activation of NK cells in the tumor microenvironment would likely increase the efficacy of NK cell-based therapies.MethodsIn this study, we show a novel bispecific nanobody-based construct (biVHH) targeting both CD16A (low-affinity Fc receptor: FcRγIIIA) on NK cells and EGFR on tumors of epithelial origins.ResultsHigher levels of NK cell activity and subsequent tumor cell lysis were found in vitro in the presence of the biVHH and were dependent on the expression of both CD16A and EGFR while they were independent of the KRAS mutational status of the tumor. Increased NK cell activity was found in NK cells derived from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients when co-cultured with the biVHH and EGFR expressing tumor cells. Finally, higher levels of cytotoxicity were found against patient-derived metastatic CRC cells in the presence of the biVHH and autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells or allogeneic NK cells.ConclusionsBased on our results, the bispecific CD16A and EGFR targeting VHH construct could be a useful tool in combination with various NK cell-based therapies.

scholarly journals Assessment of NK Cell Activity Based on NK Cell-Specific Receptor Synergy in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Whole Blood

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8112
Author(s):  
Jung Min Kim ◽  
Eunbi Yi ◽  
Hyungwoo Cho ◽  
Woo Seon Choi ◽  
Dae-Hyun Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes endowed with a unique ability to kill a broad spectrum of cancer and virus-infected cells. Given their key contribution to diverse diseases, the measurement of NK cell activity (NKA) has been used to estimate disease prognosis or the effect of therapeutic treatment. Currently, NKA assays are primarily based on cumbersome procedures related to careful labeling and handling of target cells and/or NK cells, and they require a rapid isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which often necessitates a large amount of blood. Here, we developed an ELISA-based whole blood (WB) NKA assay involving engineered target cells (P815-ULBP1+CD48) providing defined and synergistic stimulation for NK cells via NKG2D and 2B4. WB collected from healthy donors (HDs) and patients with multiple myeloma (MM) was stimulated with P815-ULBP1+CD48 cells combined with IL-2. Thereafter, it utilized the serum concentrations of granzyme B and IFN-γ originating in NK cells as independent and complementary indicators of NKA. This WB NKA assay demonstrated that MM patients exhibit a significantly lower NKA than HDs following stimulation with P815-ULBP1+CD48 cells and had a good correlation with the commonly used flow cytometry-based PBMC NKA assay. Moreover, the use of P815-ULBP1+CD48 cells in relation to assessing the levels of NKG2D and 2B4 receptors on NK cells facilitated the mechanistic study and led to the identification of TGF-β1 as a potential mediator of compromised NKA in MM. Thus, our proposed WB NKA assay facilitates the reliable measurement of NKA and holds promise for further development as both a clinical and research tool.

scholarly journals Essential Roles of Monocytes in Stimulating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Lactobacillus casei To Produce Cytokines and Augment Natural Killer Cell Activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 997-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Shida ◽  
Tomomi Suzuki ◽  
Junko Kiyoshima-Shibata ◽  
Shin-ichiro Shimada ◽  
Masanobu Nanno
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT We examined the effect of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, on cytokine production and natural killer (NK) cell activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). The cellular mechanisms of immunoregulation by L. casei strain Shirota were also investigated. L. casei strain Shirota stimulated PBMNC to secrete interleukin-12 (IL-12), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10. However, depletion of monocytes from PBMNC eliminated the induction of these cytokines. L. casei strain Shirota was phagocytosed by monocytes and directly stimulated them to secrete IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-10. IFN-γ production was diminished by the addition of anti-IL-12 antibody to the PBMNC cultures. Purified T cells, but not NK cells, produced IFN-γ effectively when stimulated with L. casei strain Shirota in the presence of monocytes, indicating that monocytes triggered by L. casei strain Shirota help T cells to produce IFN-γ through secreting IL-12. In addition, NK cell activity and CD69 expression on NK cells increased after cultivation of PBMNC with L. casei strain Shirota. When monocytes were depleted from PBMNC, L. casei strain Shirota did not enhance NK cell activity. These results demonstrate that monocytes play critical roles in the induction of cytokines and following the augmentation of NK cell activity during the stimulation of human PBMNC with L. casei strain Shirota.

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