Comparison of Immunological and Endocrinological Markers Associated with Major Depression

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Jozuka ◽  
E Jozuka ◽  
S Takeuchi ◽  
O Nishikaze
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Self Rating

Natural-killer-(NK)-cell activity and blood levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulphate (DHEA-S) and cortisol were measured in 17 patients with major depression and 10 control subjects. Depression severity was evaluated using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale. NK-cell activity and IL-2 levels were measured using a chromium-51 release test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Radioimmunoassays were used to measure serum cortisol, DHEA and DHEA-S. As would be expected, patients with major depression had a higher score on the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale than healthy controls. Compared with controls, NK-cell activity and levels of cortisol and DHEA were reduced in patients with major depression, whereas IL-2 levels were increased. No difference was observed in DHEA-S levels between patients and controls. A reduction in NK-cell activity and DHEA levels, and an increase in IL-2 levels appear to be associated with major depression. Whether these changes are the cause or the consequence of the depression remains to be determined.

Renal cell carcinoma: treatment with recombinant interleukin-2 plus beta-interferon.

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Krigel ◽  
K A Padavic-Shaller ◽  
A R Rudolph ◽  
M Konrad ◽  
E C Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Beta Interferon

Preclinical data have demonstrated synergy between interleukin-2 (IL-2) and beta-interferon (IFN-beta) in stimulating natural-killer (NK) cell activity and in increasing expression of IL-2 receptors. Based on results of a phase I trial, a combination of IL-2 and IFN-beta was administered three times weekly by intravenous (IV) bolus injection with 5 x 10(6) Cetus U/m2 of IL-2 and 6 x 10(6) U/m2 of IFN-beta to 24 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Of 22 assessable patients there were six (27%) objective responses including one complete remission (CR) and five partial responses (PRs). There were three minor responses (MRs), 11 stable disease (SD), and two progressive disease (PD). Two of the objective responses have continued for almost 2 years. Response sites include lymph nodes, lungs, and bone. Toxicities requiring dose reduction include arthralgia, weight loss, fatigue, decreased performance status, depression, and hypotension. Five of 10 patients who had a prior nephrectomy without local recurrence achieved an objective response as compared with only one of 12 without a prior nephrectomy or with a local recurrence (P = .04). Mean peak lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity of the objective responders was 88 lytic units (LU) as compared with 4 LU in the nonresponders (P = .01). Mean peak NK cell activity was 288 LU in the objective responders as compared with 100 LU in the nonresponders (P = .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Early Diagnosis and Treatment of the Patients with Acquired Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3552-3552
Author(s):  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Yini Wang ◽  
Cuicui Feng ◽  
Liping Tian
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Nk Cell Activity

Abstract Acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life threatening condition characterized by uncontroling hyperinflammation on the basis of various infection, tumor and inherited immune deficiency. Awareness of the clinical symptoms and of the diagnostic criteria of HLH is crucial in order not to overlook HLH and to start life-saving therapy in time. In this study, we reviewed 57 suspected HLH patients from March 2006 to June 2008. 25 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study as control. NK cell activity in peripheral blood was tested by a released LDH assay. Meanwhile, solution interleukin-2 receptor (sCD25) was examined with ELISA double antibody sandwich assay. The level of glycosylated ferritin was also detected and the ratio of glycosylated ferritin to ferritin was determined. 41 out of 57 patients were definitely diagnosed according to HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria in this study and 16 patients were excluded. We found that the level of NK cell activity and the ratio of glycosylated ferritin in the all 41 final diagnozed HLH patients were significantly lower than those in the 16 excluded patients and 25 healthy control subjects (p<0.01). Meanwhile, the level of sCD25 in peripheral blood was much higher in all the 41 HLH patients than that in the excluded and healthy people (p<0.05). We compared the coincidence of each diagnostic index in the 41 HLH patients before and after final diagnosis. It was found that 100% patients had abnormal expression on NK cell activity, sCD25 and glycosylated ferritin in the early disease. The three diagnostic indexes were more sensitive and specific than other indexes, such as fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, hyper-triglyceridemia, hypo-fibrinogenemia. 41 diagnosed patients received the regimen containing methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin, with or without fludarabine, 26 out of 41 were markedly improved after treatment, 10 out of 41 were exacerbated, and other 5 patients gave up treatment. It is concluded that detection of NK cell activity, sCD25 and glycosylated ferritin may play a very important role in the early diagnosis of HLH. Our data also suggest that fludarabine combined with methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin (FDIg) may provide a new viewpoint for HLH therapy.

Cordyceps sinensis as an Immunomodulatory Agent

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuh-Chi Kuo ◽  
Wei-Jem Tsai ◽  
Ming-Shi Shiao ◽  
Chieh-Fu Chen ◽  
Ching-Yuang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Effects of various fractions of methanol extracts from fruiting bodies of Cordyceps sinensis on the Iymphoproliferative response, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production on human mono-nuclear cells (HMNC) were studied. Two of the 15 column fractions (CS-36-39 and CS-48-51) significantly inhibited the blastogenesis response (IC50 =; 71.0 ± 3.0 and 21.7 ± 2.0 μg/ml, respectively), NK cell activity (IC50 =; 25.0 ± 2.5 and 12.9 ± 5.8 μg/ml, respectively) and IL-2 production of HMNC stimulated by PHA (IC50 =; 9.6 ± 2.3 and 5.5 ± 1.6 μg/ml, respectively). TNF-α production in HMNC cultures was also blocked by CS-36-39 and CS-48-51 (IC50 =; 2.7 ± 1.0 and 12.5 ± 3.8 μg/ml, respectively). These results indicated that neither CS-36-39 nor CS-48-51 was cytotoxic on HMNC, and that immunosuppressive ingredients are contained in Cordyceps sinensis.

Influence of in vivo hypobaric hypoxia on function of lymphocytes, neutrocytes, natural killer cells, and cytokines

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1100-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Klokker ◽  
A. Kharazmi ◽  
H. Galbo ◽  
I. Bygbjerg ◽  
B. K. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
The Absolute

We have investigated the effects of short-term hypoxia in vivo on the human cellular immune system. Seven young healthy volunteers were placed in a decompression chamber (380 Torr) for 20 min with or without supplemental O2. The leukocyte concentration increased during hypobaric conditions because of an increased concentration of lymphocytes. The absolute and relative concentration of CD16+ natural killer (NK) cells increased markedly during hypoxia and returned to pretest values after 2 h of recovery. The NK cell activity of blood mononuclear cells (BMNC, %lysis/fixed no. of BMNC) boosted with interferon-alpha, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and indomethacin rose in parallel with unboosted NK cell activity during hypoxia. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells declined during hypoxia, whereas the absolute concentration of both CD8+ cells and CD14+ monocytes increased. Although the BMNC composition varied, the proliferative responses of BMNC after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, purified derivative of tuberculin, and IL-2 did not change significantly. The in vitro production of interleukin-1 beta and IL-2 in supernatants obtained after stimulation of BMNC with phytohemagglutinin or lipopolysaccharide was not affected. The chemiluminescence response of neutrocytes increased 2 h after hypoxia. It was concluded that acute hypoxia induced marked alterations in the immune system and that the NK cells are especially sensitive to the hypoxic stimulus.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Polysaccharide fromChlorophytum borivilianumRoots

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Thakur ◽  
Paul Connellan ◽  
Myrna A. Deseo ◽  
Carol Morris ◽  
Vinod K. Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Immunoglobulin Level ◽  
Nk Cell Activity

Chlorophytum borivilianumSantapau & Fernandes (Liliaceae) is an ayurvedicRasayanaherb with immunostimulating properties. The polysaccharide fraction (CBP) derived from hot water extraction ofC. borivilianum(CB), comprising of~31% inulin-type fructans and~25% acetylated mannans (of hot water-soluble extract), was evaluated for its effect on natural killer (NK) cell activity (in vitro). Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), isolated from whole blood on a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient, were tested in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of eachC. borivilianumfraction for modulation of NK cell cytotoxic activity toward K562 cells. Preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation against P388 cells was performed to establish non-cytotoxic concentrations of the different fractions.Testing showed the observed significant stimulation of NK cell activity to be due to the CBP ofC. borivilianum. Furthermore,in vivoevaluation carried out on Wistar strain albino rats for humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) and immunoglobulin-level determination using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), exhibited an effectiveness ofC. borivilianumaqueous extract in improving immune function. Present results provide useful information for understanding the role of CBP in modulating immune function.

scholarly journals Defective natural immunity: an early manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

1995 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ullum ◽  
P C Gøtzsche ◽  
J Victor ◽  
E Dickmeiss ◽  
P Skinhøj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Lak Cells ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Ifn Alpha ◽  
Lak Cell ◽  
Lak Cell Activity

Cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells may be of significance in host defense against viral infections. This study included 347 patients infected with human immunodeficiency syndrome virus (HIV) type 1 and 110 controls. The NK cell activity, either unstimulated or stimulated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) or interleukin-2 (IL-2), and the LAK cell activity were suppressed in patients, but the NK/LAK cell activity did not differ between patients with AIDS and patients without AIDS. However, the IFN-alpha-stimulated NK cell activity and LAK cell activity were reduced in patients with symptoms of HIV disease (CDCIV) when compared with asymptomatic patients (CDCII+III). When the data were analyzed by multiple linear regression, the percentage of CD4+ cells had a positive effect on these two parameters in patients without AIDS, whereas the percentage of CD4+ cells had no significant effect on unstimulated and IL-2-stimulated NK cell activity in these patients. In controls and AIDS patients, the percentage of CD4+ cells had no effect on NK/LAK cell activity in multiple linear models. The total number of CD16+ cells was low in patients compared to controls, whereas the percentages of CD16+, CD56+, and CD16+CD56+ were either normal or elevated. Therefore, the decrease in NK cell subpopulations did not contribute to the observed depression in NK/LAK cell activity in vitro. It is concluded that natural immunity is suppressed in HIV-seropositive patients primarily because of a qualitative defect of the NK/LAK cells. This qualitative defect includes a reduced responsiveness to IFN-alpha, which is progressive until the onset of symptoms, and possibly related to the loss of CD4+ cells.

scholarly journals Reversal of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protein-Induced Inhibition of Natural Killer Cell Activity by Alpha Interferon and Interleukin-2

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavan P. N. Nair ◽  
Stanley A. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Fusion Peptide ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT A recombinant fusion peptide, Env-Gag, derived from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome corresponding to a defined portion of the envelope (Env) and internal core (Gag) proteins was examined for immunoregulatory effects on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cell-enriched, large granular lymphocytes (LGL) from healthy donors. Percoll-separated, NK cell-enriched LGL precultured for 24 h with Env-Gag at 10- and 50-ng/ml concentrations, which significantly stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, caused significant suppression of NK cell activity. Denatured Env-Gag did not cause any effect on the NK cell activity of LGL. Two other control peptides, one derived from the Escherichia coli vector used to clone the HIV Env-Gag fusion peptide and the other derived from a non-HIV-1 viral antigen (rubeola virus), did not produce any observable effect on the NK cell activity of LGL, demonstrating the specificity of the effect produced by Env-Gag. Subsequent treatment of LGL with alpha interferon (IFN-α) or interleukin 2 (IL-2) alone partially reversed the Env-Gag-induced suppression of NK cell activity. However, LGL treated with both IFN-α and IL-2 completely reversed the suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity by Env-Gag. The combined effect of IFN-α and IL-2 in enhancing NK cell activity may provide a novel therapeutic approach to the restoration of depressed NK cell activity observed in HIV-infected patients.

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