scholarly journals The photoplethysmography dictionary: Practical guidance on signal interpretation and clinical scenarios from TeleCheck-AF

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M J van der Velden ◽  
Dominique V M Verhaert ◽  
Astrid N L Hermans ◽  
David Duncker ◽  
Martin Manninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Clinical Scenario ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Internal Review ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Practical Guidance

Abstract Aim Within the TeleCheck-AF project, numerous centers in Europe used on-demand photoplethysmography (PPG) technology to remotely assess heart rate and rhythm in conjunction with teleconsultations. Based on the TeleCheck-AF investigator experiences, we aimed to develop an educational structured stepwise practical guide on how to interpret PPG signals and to introduce typical clinical scenarios how on-demand PPG was used. Methods During an online conference, the structured stepwise practical guide on how to interpret PPG signals was discussed and further refined during an internal review process. We provide the number of respective PPG recordings (FibriCheck®) and number of patients managed within a clinical scenario during the TeleCheck-AF project. Results To interpret PPG recordings, we introduce a structured stepwise practical guide and provide representative PPG recordings. In the TeleCheck-AF project, 2522 subjects collected 90616 recordings in total. The majority of these recordings was classified by the PPG algorithm as sinus rhythm (57.6%), followed by AF (23.6%). In 9.7% of recordings the quality was too low to interpret. The most frequently clinical scenarios where PPG technology was used in the TeleCheck-AF project was follow-up after AF ablation (1110 patients) followed by heart rate and rhythm assessment around (tele)consultation (966 patients). Conclusion We introduce a newly developed structured stepwise practical guide on PPG signal interpretation developed based on presented experiences from TeleCheck-AF. The present clinical scenarios for the use of on-demand PPG technology derived from the TeleCheck-AF project will help to implement PPG technology in the management of AF patients.

scholarly journals The photoplethysmography dictionary: practical guidance on signal interpretation and clinical scenarios from TeleCheck-AF

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R M J Van Der Velden ◽  
D V M Verhaert ◽  
A N L Hermans ◽  
M Gawalko ◽  
D Duncker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Clinical Scenario ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Internal Review ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Introduction During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous centres in Europe used on-demand photoplethysmography (PPG) technology to remotely assess heart rate and rhythm in conjunction with teleconsultations within the TeleCheck-AF project. Purpose To develop an educational structured stepwise practical guide on how to interpret PPG signals and to study typical clinical scenarios how on-demand PPG was used in the TeleCheck-AF project. Methods During an online conference, the structured stepwise practical guide on how to interpret PPG signals was discussed and further refined during an internal review process. We provide the number of respective PPG recordings and number of patients managed within a clinical scenario during the TeleCheck-AF project. Results To interpret PPG recordings, we introduce a structured stepwise practical guide and provide representative PPG recordings. In the TeleCheck-AF project, 2522 subjects collected 90.616 recordings. The majority of these recordings was classified by the PPG algorithm as sinus rhythm (57.6%), followed by atrial fibrillation (AF) (23.6%). In 9.7% of recordings the quality was too low to interpret. Other observed rhythms were tachycardia (1.4%), extra systoles (4.7%), bigeminy episodes (1.8%), trigeminy episodes (0.6%) and atrial flutter (0.2%). The most frequent clinical scenario where PPG technology was used in the TeleCheck-AF project was follow-up after AF ablation (1110 patients) followed by heart rate and rhythm assessment around (tele)consultation (966 patients), sometimes including remote PPG-guided adaption of rate or rhythm control. 275 patients were followed around cardioversion, either (semi-)acute or elective. Other possible scenarios are assessment of palpitations, assessment of symptom-rhythm correlation and monitoring during up-titration of heart failure medication. Conclusion We introduce a newly developed structured stepwise practical guide on PPG signal interpretation developed based on presented experiences from TeleCheck-AF. The present clinical scenarios for the use of on-demand PPG technology derived from the TeleCheck-AF project will help to implement PPG technology in the management of arrhythmia patients. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. TeleCheck-AF clinical scenarios Classification of PPG recordings

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE FREQUENCY OF USING NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS ON THE RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION OF SACROILIITIS IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Rumyantseva ◽  
T. V. Dubinina ◽  
Sh. F. Erdes
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Radiographic Progression ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 1

Objective: to compare the impact of continuous or on-demand use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the activity and radiographic progression of early axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled patients from the early spondyloarthritis cohort who met the 2009 Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for axSpA. This analysis included 68 patients who had been followed up for at least 24 months. The mean age at the time of inclusion in the investigation was 28.5±5.8 years; the mean disease duration was 24.1±15.4 months; 63 (92.6%) patients were HLA-B27-positive. The patients were divided into two groups: 1) 35 patients used NSAIDs at maximum therapeutic doses continuously during the follow-up period; 2) 33 patients received these drugs on-demand, depending on the presence and severity of back pain.Results and discussion. After 2-year follow-up, the median stage of radiographic sacroiliitis (SI) in Group 1 was unchanged and remained equal to 4; that in Group 2 in this period significantly increased from 3 to 4 scores (p < 0.05). At baseline, the patient groups did not differ in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS-CRP), and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI); however, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) was higher in Group 1 (p < 0.05). The number of patients with active SI, as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the degree of its severity did not differ significantly between groups. After 2 years, all the patients retained low disease activity according to ASDAS-CRP, BASDAI, and CRP levels; and these measures did not differ significantly between groups either; the BASFI became higher in Group 1. MRI findings indicated that the number of patients with active SI decreased, but no differences were found between the groups.Conclusion. In patients with early axSpA, the continuous intake of NSAIDs can slow radiographic progression to a greater extent than their on-demand use. 

scholarly journals Non ST ergometric variables in the diabetic patient and their prognostic significance

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianaugusto Slavich ◽  
Paola Mapelli ◽  
Rudy Fregolent ◽  
Massimo Slavich ◽  
Duilio Tuniz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Chronotropic Response ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background. Recent research based on large number of patients has demonstrated that there are strong exercise predictors of cardiovascular events other than ST-segment behaviour. Studies focused on non-ST segment variables in exercise testing (exercise capacity, chronotropic and pressure response, heart rate recovery) in diabetics are lacking. The aim of our study is to find out differences in the exercise- testing variables between diabetics and non and to evaluate their prognostic role. Methods. We analyzed non ST-variables in 1172 patients undergoing exercise testing with Bruce protocol:diabetics vs non diabetics: n=83 (7%) vs n=1089 (93%); mean age: 64.37±8.44 vs 60.44±11.44; males: n=56 (67.47%) vs n=665 (61.06%). Mean follow-up was 13,5±4 months. Results. Follow-up data were available in 74 diabetics (89%), 14 (18,9%) presented cardiac events (death, infarction, coronaric revascularization, heart failure). Diabetics with events showed significantly worse 1st min Heart Rate (HR) and 3rd min Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) recovery. Conclusions. Preliminary results highlight that non-ST variables (exercise time, chronotropic response, heart rate and blood pressure recovery) are significantly different in diabetics. Abnormal HR and SBP recovery identify a subgroup of diabetics at higher risk of cardiac events in the follow-up.

scholarly journals Prospective Evaluation of Bleeding Incidence in Fibrinogen Deficiency (PRO-RBDD Study)

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
Roberta Palla ◽  
Marzia Menegatti ◽  
Marco Boscarino ◽  
Jan Blatny ◽  
Ondrej Zapletal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bleeding Episodes

Abstract BACKGROUND: Congenital fibrinogen disorders are rare diseases affecting either the quantity (afibrinogenaemia and hypofibrinogenaemia) or the quality (dysfibrinogenaemia) or both (hypodysfibrinogenaemia) of fibrinogen. Afibrinogenemia is associated with mild-to-severe bleeding, whereas hypofibrinogenemia is most often asymptomatic. Previously, our group (Peyvandi et al, JTH 2006) showed that in a group of 100 patients with afibrinogenemia and hypofibrinogenemia, the mean annual incidence of bleeding episodes was 0.7 on on-demand therapy (range 0-16.5) and 0.5 on prophylactic replacement therapy (range 0-2.6). Dys- and hypodysfibrinogenemia are commonly associated with bleeding, thrombosis, or both; however, most individuals are asymptomatic. Treatment of fibrinogen deficiency is challenging because the minimum amount of fibrinogen to prevent bleeding is unknown and because thromboembolism may occur in association with fibrinogen substitution therapy. Therefore a guideline for optimal treatment is not available yet. AIMS: The 3-year observational prospective study on rare bleeding disorders (PRO-RBDD) aimed at evaluating the incidence of bleeding episodes in patients with fibrinogen deficiency and the benefits and complication of current treatment regimens. METHODS: 17 Hemophilia Treatment Centers worldwide collected data in a web-based database at baseline (patient history) and at pre-specified time-points (every 6 months, follow up study); 146 patients (86 females/60 males) were recorded. Analysis was carried out on patients with available data on both antigen and activity levels. Bleeding incidence was calculated to evaluate number of bleeding episodes in patients on on-demand therapy. A survival analysis was also made to evaluate the cumulative incidence of the first bleeding requiring replacement therapy. Analysis was done using R v.3.3.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). RESULTS: Data on activity and antigen level were available on 96 patients (54 females/42 males), of whom 81 are currently on follow up. Twenty-one (26%) patients were afibrinogenemic, 17 (21%) hypofibrinogenemic, 36 (44%) dysfibrinogenemic and 7 hypodysfibrinogenemic (9%), according to standard classification. Patients were followed up for a median of 810 days (IQR: 728-916, min-max: 221-1215). In on-demand therapy, the bleeding incidence was 0.86 patient-year-1 (95%CI 0.57-1.15) in afibrinogenemia, 0.30 (95%CI 0.15-0.52) in hypofibrinogenemia, 0.14 (95%CI 0.06-0.25) in dysfibrinogenemia and 0.06 (95%CI 0.-0.27) in hypodysfibrinogenemia. At 1200 days of follow up, the bleeding cumulative incidence of the first bleeding treated with replacement therapy was 0.43 (95%CI 0.11-0.64) in afibrinogenemia, 0.30 (95%CI 0.05-0.49) in hypofibrinogenemia, 0.06 (95%CI 0.0-0.14) in dysfibrinogenemia and 0.14 (95%CI 0.0-0.37) in hypodysfibrinogenemia. Prophylaxis regimen (dosage range 50 - 666 mg/Kg/month) with fibrinogen concentrate was used only in one third of patients (6/21) with afibrinogenemia and it seems to reduce the median number of bleeding events per year [from 1 (min-max: 1-3/year) to 0.4 (min-max: 0-1.25)]. Only one allergic reaction and no thrombotic events were reported. CONCLUSION: The results of this prospective observational study on patients with fibrinogen deficiency showed that the bleeding incidence decreased accordingly to plasmatic fibrinogen levels. Preliminary data on a limited number of patients with afibrinogenemia showed a reduction of bleeding episodes even if a wide range of prophylaxis dosage has been used. A larger group of patients and a longer follow up period are required to evaluate the efficacy of prophylaxis and to find the optimal target level to prevent spontaneous major bleeding in afibrinogenemic patients. Disclosures Palla: Pfizer: Other: travel support . Menegatti:Pfizer: Other: travel support . Blatny:CSL Behring: Speakers Bureau. Halimeh:Bayer Healthcare GmbH: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Baxalta Innovations GmbH: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Biotest AG: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; CSL Behring GmbH: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis Pharma GmbH: Speakers Bureau; Novo Nordisk Pharma GmbH: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Octapharma GmbH: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; LFB GmbH: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer Pharma GmbH: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Siboni:LFB: Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Speakers Bureau. Laros-Van Gorkom:Baxter: Research Funding; CSL Behring: Research Funding; Sanquin: Speakers Bureau. Schutgens:CSL Behring: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding; Baxalta: Research Funding; Novonordisk: Research Funding. De Moerloose:Bayer: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Baxalta: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; LFB: Speakers Bureau; Stago: Speakers Bureau; Novonordisk: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; LFB: Consultancy, Research Funding; Instrumentation Laboratory: Consultancy, Research Funding. Casini:CSL Berhing: Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Other: Travel support. Makris:CSL Behring: Consultancy; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy; Freeline Therapeutics: Consultancy; Bayer: Speakers Bureau; Biogen: Speakers Bureau; Grifols: Speakers Bureau. Chapin:Baxalta: Consultancy; CSL Behring: Consultancy; Novo Nordirsk: Consultancy; Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Apopharma: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy. Peyvandi:CSL Behring: Speakers Bureau; Novo Nordisk: Other: research funding paid to Luigi Villa Foundation, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Ablynx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: research funding paid to Luigi Villa Foundation, Research Funding; Grifols: Speakers Bureau; SOBI: Speakers Bureau; Kedrion Biopharma: Consultancy, Other: research funding paid to Luigi Villa Foundation, Research Funding; LFB: Consultancy; Alexion: Other: research funding paid to Luigi Villa Foundation, Research Funding; Octapharma: Consultancy; Bayer: Speakers Bureau; Biotest: Other: research funding paid to Luigi Villa Foundation, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

STRUCTURAL AND DYNAMIC FEATURES OF EAR-LY DISABILITY DUE TO MENTAL DISEASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Shmakova O.P.
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Child Psychiatrist ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Number Of Patients

Prevention of disability is one of the most significant tasks of child and adolescent psychiatry. Obtaining data on the dynamics of the number of people with disabilities and the factors affecting this indicator seems to be one of the relevant aspects. Aim: to trace the dynamics of the number of children with disabili-ties and to assess the change in the structure of early disability over the past decades. Materials and Meth-ods. A comparative analysis of two cohorts of patients was carried out: 1st - patients born in 1990-1992. (1203 patients (men - 914, 76%; women - 289, 24%)) who applied to the district neuropsychiatric dispensa-ry for outpatient care in childhood and adolescence; II - children and adolescents born in 2005 - 2018 (602 patients (male - 410, 68%; female - 192, 32%), ob-served at the time of the study by a child psychiatrist in the neuropsychiatric dispensary. Research methods: clinical and psychopathological; follow-up; statisti-cal. Results. Comparison of the number and nosologi-cal distribution of disabled children in two cohorts showed that over the 15th year there has been a shift towards an increase in the proportion of disabled children among patients observed by child and ado-lescent psychiatrists. The increase in the number of children with disabilities was due to those suffering from childhood autism and other disorders of general development. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of people with disabilities who received benefits before the age of 7, as well as differences in gender ratios among disabled people in the two cohorts. Conclusion. Early disability is a mul-tifactorial phenomenon, prevalence, dynamics, the structure of which depends not only on clinical, but also on socio-administrative realities. Children with autism require increased attention, since there has been a multiple increase in the number of patients with this diagnosis.

Evaluation of Normal Heart Rate in Early Pregnancy Corresponding to Gestational Age between Six to Eight Weeks

Med Phoenix ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Bikranta Rimal ◽  
Tarannum Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Heart ◽  
Normal Heart Rate ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Background: Ultrasonography is the reliable and safe way for the evaluation of pregnancy. Heart rate can be detected more confidently from the Ultrasonography. Heart rate is an important parameter for the evaluation of early pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal heart rate in embryos/fetuses between 6 and 8 weeks of gestation.Method: In our region people are poor and most of them do not know the benefit of regular follow up examination during pregnancy. So most of pregnant women come to our centre at late stage of pregnancy. The number of pregnancy cases is good in our centre but the number of early pregnancy cases coming to regular follow up examination is low. Thus the study was conducted in 51 normal singleton pregnancies undergoing routine ultrasound examination during the first trimester of pregnancy. The duration of study was 6 weeks.Result: Out of 51 singleton pregnancies, 20 cases (39.2%) heart rate were between 131-150 beat per minute and 25 cases (49.0 %) heart rate were between 151-170 beat per minute. However 4 cases (7.8%) were between 110-120 beat per minute and 2 cases (3.9%) were more than 171 beat per minute. There were zero cases above the 180 beat per minute.Conclusion: The result of this study will help to evaluate abnormal and normal fetal heart rate so that early clinical decision whether to continue the pregnancy or terminate it can be taken, as Ultrasonography is only the method used in screening fetal well being in most of the region of our country.Med Phoenix Vol.2(1) July 2017, 34-37

Cerebellotrigeminal Dermal Dysplasia (Gómez-López-Hernández Syndrome)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Sullo ◽  
Agata Polizzi ◽  
Stefano Catanzaro ◽  
Selene Mantegna ◽  
Francesco Lacarrubba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Visual Problems ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities ◽  
Clinical Triad ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Motor Handicap

Cerebellotrigeminal dermal (CTD) dysplasia is a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by a triad of symptoms: bilateral parieto-occipital alopecia, facial anesthesia in the trigeminal area, and rhombencephalosynapsis (RES), confirmed by cranial magnetic resonance imaging. CTD dysplasia is also known as Gómez-López-Hernández syndrome. So far, only 35 cases have been described with varying symptomatology. The etiology remains unknown. Either spontaneous dominant mutations or de novo chromosomal rearrangements have been proposed as possible explanations. In addition to its clinical triad of RES, parietal alopecia, and trigeminal anesthesia, CTD dysplasia is associated with a wide range of phenotypic and neurodevelopmental abnormalities.Treatment is symptomatic and includes physical rehabilitation, special education, dental care, and ocular protection against self-induced corneal trauma that causes ulcers and, later, corneal opacification. The prognosis is correlated to the mental development, motor handicap, corneal–facial anesthesia, and visual problems. Follow-up on a large number of patients with CTD dysplasia has never been reported and experience is limited to few cases to date. High degree of suspicion in a child presenting with characteristic alopecia and RES has a great importance in diagnosis of this syndrome.

scholarly journals The Family Psychoeducation Fidelity Scale: Psychometric Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Joa ◽  
J. O. Johannessen ◽  
K. S. Heiervang ◽  
A. A. Sviland ◽  
H. A. Nordin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Family Psychoeducation ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fidelity Scale

Abstract This study examined psychometric properties and feasibility of the Family Psychoeducation (FPE) Fidelity Scale. Fidelity assessors conducted reviews using the FPE fidelity scale four times over 18 months at five sites in Norway. After completing fidelity reviews, assessors rated feasibility of the fidelity review process. The FPE fidelity scale showed excellent interrater reliability (.99), interrater item agreement (88%), and internal consistency (mean = .84 across four time points). By the 18-month follow-up, all five sites increased fidelity and three reached adequate fidelity. Fidelity assessors rated feasibility as excellent. The FPE fidelity scale has good psychometric properties and is feasible for evaluating the implementation of FPE programs. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03271242.

scholarly journals Biomarkers-based personalized follow-up in chronic heart failure improves patient’s outcomes and reduces care associate cost

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Leon-Justel ◽  
Jose I. Morgado Garcia-Polavieja ◽  
Ana Isabel Alvarez-Rios ◽  
Francisco Jose Caro Fernandez ◽  
Pedro Agustin Pajaro Merino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) is a major and growing medical and economic problem, with high prevalence and incidence rates worldwide. Cardiac Biomarker is emerging as a novel tool for improving management of patients with HF with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods This is a before and after interventional study, that assesses the impact of a personalized follow-up procedure for HF on patient’s outcomes and care associated cost, based on a clinical model of risk stratification and personalized management according to that risk. A total of 192 patients were enrolled and studied before the intervention and again after the intervention. The primary objective was the rate of readmissions, due to a HF. Secondary outcome compared the rate of ED visits and quality of life improvement assessed by the number of patients who had reduced NYHA score. A cost-analysis was also performed on these data. Results Admission rates significantly decreased by 19.8% after the intervention (from 30.2 to 10.4), the total hospital admissions were reduced by 32 (from 78 to 46) and the total length of stay was reduced by 7 days (from 15 to 9 days). The rate of ED visits was reduced by 44% (from 64 to 20). Thirty-one percent of patients had an improved functional class score after the intervention, whereas only 7.8% got worse. The overall cost saving associated with the intervention was € 72,769 per patient (from € 201,189 to € 128,420) and €139,717.65 for the whole group over 1 year. Conclusions A personalized follow-up of HF patients led to important outcome benefits and resulted in cost savings, mainly due to the reduction of patient hospitalization readmissions and a significant reduction of care-associated costs, suggesting that greater attention should be given to this high-risk cohort to minimize the risk of hospitalization readmissions.

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