Effect of cytochalasin D on articular cartilage cell phenotype and shape in long-term organ culture

Background: Hydrogel has a three-dimensional network structure that is able to absorb a large amount of water/liquid and maintain its original structure. Hemicellulose (HC) is the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose in plants and a heterogeneous polysaccharide consisting of various saccharide units. The unique physical and chemical properties of hemicellulose make it a promising material for hydrogels. Methods: This review first summarizes the three research hotspots on the hemicellulose-based hydrogels: intelligence, biodegradability and biocompatibility. It also overviews the progress in the fabrication and applications of hemicellulose hydrogels in the drug delivery system and tissue engineering (articular cartilage, cell immobilization, and wound dressing). Results: Hemicellulose-based hydrogels have many unique properties, such as stimuliresponsibility, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Interpenetrating networking can endow appropriate mechanical properties to hydrogels. These properties make the hemicellulose-based hydrogels promising materials in biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems and tissue engineering (articular cartilage, cell immobilization, and wound dressing). Conclusion: Hydrogels have been widely used in biomedicine and tissue engineering areas, such as tissue fillers, drug release agents, enzyme encapsulation, protein electrophoresis, contact lenses, artificial plasma, artificial skin, and tissue engineering scaffold materials. This article reviews the recent progress in the fabrication and applications of hemicellulose-based hydrogels in the biomedical field.

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Hh pathway expression in the blood, synovial cells and chondrocytes of different rheumatoid arthritis models

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v18i3.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 499-504

Author(s):

Yingyi Wu ◽

Guangxia Yang ◽

Jing Fei ◽

Yang Huang

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Articular Cartilage ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Cell Apoptosis ◽

Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽

Control Group ◽

Cartilage Cell ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Articular Cartilage Cell

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine, and activator purmorphamine on articular cartilage cell proliferation. Methods: Rats were subjected to AA and CIA models. Secondary paw swelling was measured at 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 days. The rats were sacrificed on day 30. Tissues from the cartilage and knee joints were collected. Cell proliferation was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay while cell apoptosis was determined by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay. Protein expression levels of Shh, Ptch1 and Gli1 were determined by Western blotting. Results: Compared with the control group, arthritis index and secondary foot swelling of the adjuvant arthritis (AA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) groups deteriorated significantly (p < 0.05). MTT data revealed that cyclopamine promoted articular cartilage cell proliferation of the AA and CIA groups. The cell proliferation rates of AA and CIA groups were significantly higher than that of control group (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the cell apoptosis rates of AA and CIA groups were significantly lower than that of control group (p < 0.05). Compared with control, cyclopamine decreased the protein expression levels of sonic Hh, patched homologue 1 and glioma-associated oncogene homologue, but the effect of purmorphamine was the reverse. Conclusion: Hh pathway inhibitor (cyclopamine) and activator (purmorphamine) affect the expression of Hh pathway. Disruption of the Hh pathway may be of potential therapeutic significance in protecting articular cartilage from rheumatoid arthritis.

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Long-term lens organ culture system with a method for monitoring lens optical quality

Photochemistry and Photobiology ◽

10.1562/2004-10-20-ra-346 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

A. Dovrat ◽

J.G. Sivak

Keyword(s):

Organ Culture ◽

Culture System ◽

Optical Quality ◽

Organ Culture System

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Influence of Permeability on the Compressive Property of Articular Cartilage: A Scaffold-Free, Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Cartilage Repair

ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2011-53365 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomoya Susa ◽

Ryosuke Nansai ◽

Norimasa Nakamura ◽

Hiromichi Fujie

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Superficial Layer ◽

Cell Delivery ◽

Compressive Property ◽

Chondral Defect ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Normal Cartilage ◽

Cell Based Therapy ◽

Immunological Effects

Since the healing capacity of articular cartilage is limited, it is important to develop cell-based therapies for the repair of cartilage. Although synthetic or animal-derived scaffolds are frequently used for effective cell delivery long-term safety and efficiency of such scaffolds still remain unclear. We have been studying on a scaffold-free tissue engineered construct (TEC) bio-synthesized from synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [1]. As the TEC specimen is composed of cells with their native extracellular matrix, we believe that it is free from concern regarding long term immunological effects. our previous studies indicated that a porcine partial thickness chondral defect was successfully repaired with TEC but that the compressive property of the TEC-treated cartilage-like repaired tissue was different from normal cartilage in both immature and mature animals. Imura et al. found that the permeability of the immature porcine cartilage-like tissues repaired with TEC recovered to normal level for 6 months except the superficial layer [2]. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the depth-dependent permeability of mature porcine cartilage-like tissue repaired with TEC. Moreover, we investigated the effect of difference of permeability on the compressive property of articular cartilage using a finite element analysis (FEM).

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