Association of walking pace and handgrip strength with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a UK Biobank observational study

Prospective studies and randomized controlled trials elucidating the impact of antioxidants supplementation on mortality risk are inconclusive. The present analysis determined association between regular antioxidants use and all-cause (primary objective), as well as cause-specific, mortality in 345,626 participants of the UK Biobank cohort using Cox proportional hazard models. All models were adjusted for confounders and multiple testing. Antioxidants users were defined as participants who indicated to regularly use at least one of the following: multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc. Median age of antioxidants users (n = 101,159) and non-users (n = 244,467) at baseline was 57 years. During 3.9 million person-years and a median follow-up of 11.5 years, 19,491 deaths occurred. Antioxidants use was not significantly associated with all-cause, cancer, and non-cancer mortality including several cancer and non-cancer subtypes. Interestingly, mortality risk from respiratory disease was significantly 21% lower among antioxidants users as compared to non-users (hazard ratio: 0.79; 95% confidence interval: 0.67, 0.92). In conclusion, the present study findings do not support recommendations for antioxidants supplementation to prevent all-cause, cancer, or non-cancer mortality on a population level. The significant inverse association between antioxidants use and respiratory disease mortality needs further study.

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Association of supplemental calcium and dairy milk intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the UK Biobank: a prospective cohort study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519003076 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 123 (5) ◽

pp. 574-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. C. Stasinopoulos ◽

A. Zhou ◽

E. Hyppönen

Keyword(s):

Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Milk Consumption ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractExcessive Ca intakes have been proposed to associate with vascular calcification and a higher risk of prostate cancer. We investigated the associations of supplemental and dietary Ca intake with mortality using data from 497 828 UK Biobank participants. The average follow-up was 4·2 years and 14 255 participants died, 8297 from cancer, 2959 from CVD and 572 from respiratory disease. The use of Ca supplements and milk consumption were associated with differences in mortality in younger (≤65 years) but not in older participants (>65 years, Pinteraction ≤ 0·04 for all comparisons). Among participants <65 years, there was an inverse association between Ca supplementation (OR 0·91, 95 % CI 0·83, 0·99) and milk consumption (OR 0·93, 95 % CI 0·86, 1·00) with respect to all-cause mortality. In the same age group, milk drinkers had lower odds of cancer mortality (OR 0·89, 95 % CI 0·80, 0·98) but Ca supplement use was associated with increased odds of respiratory mortality (OR 1·69, 95 % CI 1·16, 2·74). All associations in participants aged ≥65 years were null after full adjustment. In sensitivity analyses stratified by hormone replacement therapy, Ca supplement use was associated with decreased odds of cancer mortality in users but increased risk in other women (OR 0·81, 95 % CI 0·69, 0·94 v. OR 1·17, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·35, respectively). To conclude, we saw little evidence for harm with dietary or supplemental Ca. Further studies are required to confirm the proposed interaction with hormone replacement therapy and to exclude reverse causation as a determinant in the association between Ca supplements and increased risk of respiratory diseases.

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Time trends of cancer mortality among elderly in Italy, 1970–2008: an observational study

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/1471-2407-12-443 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ettore Bidoli ◽

Lucia Fratino ◽

Silvia Bruzzone ◽

Marilena Pappagallo ◽

Paolo De Paoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Time Trends

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Mortality risk comparing walking pace to handgrip strength and a healthy lifestyle: A UK Biobank study

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487319885041 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 204748731988504 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesco Zaccardi ◽

Paul W Franks ◽

Frank Dudbridge ◽

Melanie J Davies ◽

Kamlesh Khunti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Brisk Walking ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Tv Viewing ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Lifestyle Behaviours

Aims Brisk walking and a greater muscle strength have been associated with a longer life; whether these associations are influenced by other lifestyle behaviours, however, is less well known. Methods Information on usual walking pace (self-defined as slow, steady/average, or brisk), dynamometer-assessed handgrip strength, lifestyle behaviours (physical activity, TV viewing, diet, alcohol intake, sleep and smoking) and body mass index was collected at baseline in 450,888 UK Biobank study participants. We estimated 10-year standardised survival for individual and combined lifestyle behaviours and body mass index across levels of walking pace and handgrip strength. Results Over a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 3808 (1.6%) deaths in women and 6783 (3.2%) in men occurred. Brisk walkers had a survival advantage over slow walkers, irrespective of the degree of engagement in other lifestyle behaviours, except for smoking. Estimated 10-year survival was higher in brisk walkers who otherwise engaged in an unhealthy lifestyle compared to slow walkers who engaged in an otherwise healthy lifestyle: 97.1% (95% confidence interval: 96.9–97.3) vs 95.0% (94.6–95.4) in women; 94.8% (94.7–95.0) vs 93.7% (93.3–94.2) in men. Body mass index modified the association between walking pace and survival in men, with the largest survival benefits of brisk walking observed in underweight participants. Compared to walking pace, for handgrip strength there was more overlap in 10-year survival across lifestyle behaviours. Conclusion Except for smoking, brisk walkers with an otherwise unhealthy lifestyle have a lower mortality risk than slow walkers with an otherwise healthy lifestyle.

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MO023SARCOPENIA, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND RISK OF MORTALITY: FINDINGS FROM 426,839 INDIVIDUALS IN THE UK BIOBANK

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa140.mo023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Wilkinson ◽

Joanne Miksza ◽

Luke Baker ◽

Courtney Lightfoot ◽

Emma Watson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Early Stage ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Functional Decline ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Survival Models ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Comparative Group ◽

The Uk

Abstract Background and Aims Sarcopenia describes a degenerative and generalised skeletal muscle disorder involving the loss of muscle mass and function. In studies of the general population, sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes including falls, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. However it remains an under-recognised yet important clinical problem in an ever-increasing ageing and multimorbid renal population. Whilst sarcopenia has been widely studied in end-stage renal disease, there is limited evidence of its prevalence and effects in those not requiring dialysis, particularly in large cohort studies and using the latest sarcopenia definitions. Using the UK Biobank, we aimed to identify the prevalence of sarcopenia in individuals with non-dialysis CKD and its association with mortality. Method 426,839 participants were categorised into a CKD (defined as eGFR <60ml/min/1.73m2 not requiring dialysis) and a non-CKD comparative group (no evidence of CKD). Sarcopenia was diagnosed using criteria from the EWGSOP2: ‘probable sarcopenia’ (low handgrip strength (HGS) <27 and 16kg, males and females respectively); ‘confirmed sarcopenia’ (low HGS plus low muscle mass, appendicular lean mass <7.0 and 5.5 kg/m2 as measured by bioelectrical impedance); and ‘severe sarcopenia’ (low HGS and muscle mass plus slow gait speed). Patients requiring existing renal replacement therapy were excluded. All-cause mortality was extracted from data linkage to national death records with a median follow up of 9.0 years. Data were analysed using Cox survival models. Results CKD (non-dialysis dependent) was identified in n=7,623 individuals (mean age 62.7 (±5.9) years, 44% male, eGFR 52.5 (±7.7) ml/min/1.73m2) compared to n=419,216 in the non-CKD comparative group (mean age 56.1 (±8.1) years, 47% male). ‘Probable sarcopenia’ was identified in 9% of individuals with CKD compared to 5% in those without CKD (P<0.001). ‘Confirmed sarcopenia’ was observed in 0.3% of those with CKD (vs. 0.2% in the non-CKD group, P<0.001). 0.2% of CKD patients satisfied all three criteria (‘severe sarcopenia’) compared to 0.03% in those without CKD (P<0.001). In CKD, sarcopenia was significantly associated with all-cause mortality: ‘probable sarcopenia’, unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.95 (95%CI 1.57 to 2.42), P<0.001 (Figure 1); ‘confirmed sarcopenia’, HR 5.1 (2.5 to 10.3) P<0.001; ‘severe sarcopenia’, HR 5.1 (1.9 to 13.5) P=0.001. Conclusion In the largest cohort of its kind, probable sarcopenia was present in 9% of individuals with non-dialysis CKD. The risk of sarcopenia was significantly higher in those with CKD than those without. Regardless of criteria used, CKD patients with sarcopenia were approximately 2-5 times more likely to die than those without sarcopenia. Worryingly, the risk of sarcopenia was elevated even in patients with early stage mild to moderate CKD. Our results show that sarcopenia, including just the presence of low muscle strength, is an important predictor of mortality in early non-dialysis CKD. Measuring sarcopenia as standard practice may identify those most at risk of future adverse events and in need of appropriate interventions to mitigate its negative effects.

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Detection and quantification of inbreeding depression for complex traits from SNP data

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1621096114 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 114 (32) ◽

pp. 8602-8607 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Loic Yengo ◽

Zhihong Zhu ◽

Naomi R. Wray ◽

Bruce S. Weir ◽

Jian Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Complex Traits ◽

Genetic Architecture ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Snp Data ◽

Causal Variants ◽

Auditory Acuity ◽

The Uk ◽

Detection And Quantification

Quantifying the effects of inbreeding is critical to characterizing the genetic architecture of complex traits. This study highlights through theory and simulations the strengths and shortcomings of three SNP-based inbreeding measures commonly used to estimate inbreeding depression (ID). We demonstrate that heterogeneity in linkage disequilibrium (LD) between causal variants and SNPs biases ID estimates, and we develop an approach to correct this bias using LD and minor allele frequency stratified inference (LDMS). We quantified ID in 25 traits measured in ∼140,000 participants of the UK Biobank, using LDMS, and confirmed previously published ID for 4 traits. We find unique evidence of ID for handgrip strength, waist/hip ratio, and visual and auditory acuity (ID between −2.3 and −5.2 phenotypic SDs for complete inbreeding; P<0.001). Our results illustrate that a careful choice of the measure of inbreeding combined with LDMS stratification improves both detection and quantification of ID using SNP data.

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Observational study: handgrip strength, body composition and diabetes mellitus

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05731-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Naomi Suda ◽

Chrispin Manda ◽

Joshua Gallagher ◽

Yukiko Wagatsuma

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Observational Study ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Logistic Models ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Onset Of Diabetes ◽

Better Than

Abstract Objective Previous studies have shown that relative handgrip strength, handgrip measure divided by body mass index (BMI), affects the future onset of diabetes and prediabetes. However, fat free mass (FFM) has been suggested to adjust for this effect better than BMI. In this study, we examined applicability of models that adjusted handgrip-diabetes relationship with either BMI or FFM. Results Of 1940 participants (56.2% male, average (SD) age, 57.2 [11.2] years), 267 (13.8%) had diabetes (DM) and 912 (47.0%) had prediabetes (pre-DM). The average handgrip measure for men was 40.0 kg (tertile measures, 37.4 kg and 42.5 kg) and for women 24.2 kg (tertile measures, 22.6 kg and 25.7 kg). Among both sexes, the percentage of people unaffected by DM or pre-DM was highest in the strong handgrip group and lowest in the weak handgrip group. Analysis using binary logistic models showed that an increase in handgrip measure was associated with a decrease in the chance of having either pre-DM or DM. This effect was detected by both BMI models and FFM models, even after adjustment for medical and lifestyle factors. Either or both should be used depending on the research aims, setting and methods.

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