Knowledge translation and health policy for burden of disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Pallari ◽  
S T Thomsen ◽  
H B M Hilderink
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Public ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Abstract A key goal of most Burden of Disease (BoD) studies is to support public health policies. However, while the concepts of BoD and Disability Adjusted Life years have been introduced more than 25 years, BoD researchers are still struggling to find better ways to translate their findings and communicate them to the relevant decision makers and other stakeholders. To address this gap, the burden-eu COST Action aims to generate better guidance of the use of BoD metrics in policy-making processes. In collaboration with experts in knowledge translation and risk communication, the Action will compile good practices in knowledge translation and develop a roadmap to integrate knowledge translation in national BOD studies. To support these objectives, collaborations have been established with knowledge translation experts from the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, the WHO Regional Office for Europe, and the European Public Health Association. During an initial meeting of the “knowledge translation” working group, 29 participants identified elements in the pathway from evidence generation to practice that need to be addressed. Building on the outcomes of this meeting and the inputs from the knowledge translation experts, this presentation will introduce the knowledge translation framework, and address some of the challenges in identifying best routes to reach out to the public and policy-makers. Specific emphasis will be placed in profiling the context, actors and processes of each country within the policy triangle, and drawing on best and worst example case studies. Additionally, the process will be discussed to co-create a toolkit or guide for using BoD evidence in policy and practice. The session will conclude with an interaction with the audience to learn about the perceived barriers for implementing knowledge translation within the BoD framework.

12.I. Skills building seminar: Making the elevator pitch more effective: how to convince a policymaker in less than 2 minutes

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Window ◽  
European Public ◽  
Health Conferences ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Health Narrative

Abstract Since a number of years, the European Public Health Association (EUPHA), the European Public Health Conferences and other associations, have been working hard to translate the evidence in a such a format that policymakers take notice. For example, the WHO Regional Office for Europe works on 'telling the public health narrative' and provides factsheets and infographics, in order to effectively communicate public health messages to policymakers. At the European Public Health Conference so-called pitch presentations were introduced (at Glasgow 2014), where researchers are asked to present their work in 5 minutes with maximum 5 slides (no animations), as a way to learn to present key messages from research in just a few minutes. EUPHA has organised several skills building workshops on translation of evidence in the past years, including last year's session 'making the elevator pitch work'. Lessons learned during this workshop in Marseille are: Have a clear ask (keep it simple)Appeal to the policymaker's own interests and prioritiesSpell out how action will be beneficial for the policymakerBe aware of upcoming electionsBuilt a relationship with the assistants of politicians Following the great interest in last year's workshop, this workshop will complement the outcomes of the 'lessons learned' with additional tips for convincing a policymaker. The list of lessons learned will be expended by reflecting on models of knowledge translation. Models of knowledge translation and evidence informed policymaking are abundant. Some key aspects that can be added to the list are: considering the 'policy window', making the comparison with the policy plans, identifying the relevant stakeholders and groups affected by the problem. In this skills-building workshop, we will select a number of abstracts that have been accepted by the International Scientific Committee as posters and we will invite the presenting authors to this dare: Present your work and key messages in less than 2 minutes. In order to see whether the policymaker is convinced, we are organising a small panel of policymakers and ask them to give their feedback. Are they interested? Do they remember the key message? And if all goes well, do you get an invitation to come back and present more of your work? Key messages Being able to present your key messages anywhere, anytime is needed. Telling the public health narrative and telling a story are important skills for public health professionals to have.

Warum ist die „Anzahl vorzeitiger Todesfälle durch Umweltexpositionen“ nicht angemessen quantifizierbar?

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (02) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Peter Morfeld ◽  
Thomas Erren
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

ZusammenfassungIn epidemiologischen Studien und deren Anwendung bei Schadstoffregulierungen (z. B. durch WHO, USA, EU) werden Wirkungen von Umweltexpositionen auf Bevölkerungen („Burden Of Disease“, „Krankheitslast“) oft mittels der verursachten „Anzahl vorzeitiger Todesfälle“, d. h. der durch die Exposition zeitlich vorverlagerten Todesfälle, quantifiziert. Ein aktuelles Beispiel ist die Studie von Schneider et al. zu Krankheitslasten durch Stickstoffdioxid (NO2)-Exposition in Deutschland, durchgeführt im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes. Die Autoren ermittelten den Anteil der durch die Exposition verursachten vorzeitigen Todesfälle mittels der „Attributablen Fraktion“ (AF). Gleichwohl können die wahren Zahlen vorzeitiger Todesfälle durch NO2 viel größer oder kleiner sein. Tatsächlich hatten Robins und Greenland bereits 1989 gezeigt, dass der AF-Ansatz nicht angemessen ist. Trotz der weitreichenden Bedeutung für Epidemiologie und Public Health wurde ihre wegweisende Arbeit nicht adäquat berücksichtigt, möglicherweise aufgrund der anspruchsvollen mathematischen Argumentation. Unser Beitrag erläutert – mit einfachen Methoden – unbeachtete aber bedeutende Fallstricke. Wir empfehlen, auf das Konzept der „Anzahl vorzeitiger Todesfälle“ zu verzichten und stattdessen die durch die Exposition verlorene Lebenszeit anzugeben, berechnet pro Person. Diese sollte aber nicht für unterschiedliche Todesursachen (Erkrankungen) und/oder Altersverteilungen aufgeschlüsselt werden. Wir zeigen zudem, dass „Disability Adjusted Life Years“ (DALY) kein angemessenes Maß sind, um Expositionswirkungen in der Bevölkerung zu bewerten.

scholarly journals Burden of disease due to microcephaly associated with the Zika virus in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Felipe Mora-Salamanca ◽  
Alexandra Porras-Ramírez ◽  
Fernando Pío de la Hoz Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
Public Health Surveillance System ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

In 2015, the Zika virus was introduced in Colombia. The emergence of this arbovirus is a public health challenge for the country, considering the association between the infection and congenital disorders such as microcephaly. Thus, we estimated the burden of disease due to microcephaly associated with Zika in Colombia and its administrative subdivisions for the period 2015-2016. We conducted an exploratory ecological study, using as unit of measurement disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The cases of microcephaly were obtained from the Zika national and departmental databases built by the National Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA). Deaths attributed to microcephaly were estimated from previous studies. Finally, we calculated mortality rates and incidences, then we performed a sensitivity analysis under three scenarios (conservative, medium, and extreme) to estimate the DALYs. In the 2015-2016 period, 10,609.4 DALYs were caused by microcephaly associated with Zika in Colombia. 71% of the total DALYs were years of life lost and 29% were years lived with disability. Five out of 32 departments (Meta, Córdoba, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, and Norte de Santander) contributed 71% of total DALYs. The burden of microcephaly associated with Zika outweighed the burden of other congenital anomalies such as neural tube defects and Down syndrome in children aged between 0 and 4 years in Colombia. Public health efforts must be made to prevent and monitor these cases.

scholarly journals Antidepressants and public health in Iceland

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tómas Helgason ◽  
Helgi Tómasson ◽  
Tómas Zoëga
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The Public ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder is the second leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years in developed regions of the world and antidepressants are the third-ranking therapy class worldwide.AimsTo test the public health impact of the escalating sales of antidepressants.MethodNationwide data from Iceland are used as an example to study the effect of sales of antidepressants on suicide, disability, hospital admissions and outpatient visits.ResultsSales of antidepressants increased from 8.4 daily defined doses per 1000 inhabitants per day in 1975 to 72.7 in 2000, which is a user prevalence of 8.7% for the adult population. Suicide rates fluctuated during 1950–2000 but did not show any definite trend. Rates for outpatient visits increased slightly over the period 1989–2000 and admission rates increased even more. The prevalence of disability due to depressive and anxiety disorders has not decreased over the past 25 years.ConclusionsThe dramatic increase in the sales of antidepressants has not had any marked impact on the selected public health measures. Obviously, better treatment for depressive disorders is still needed in order to reduce the burden caused by them.

scholarly journals Burden of disease methods: a guide to calculate COVID-19 disability-adjusted life years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Mark Andrew Wyper ◽  
Ricardo MA Assunção ◽  
Edoardo Colzani ◽  
Ian Grant ◽  
Juanita A Haasgma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Our paper provides a step-by-step guide to define COVID-19 as a cause of disease burden, which can be used to calculate DALYs. Additionally, we suggest pragmatic data inputs, reflecting the availability and quality of data inputs will vary by country. As our paper provides suggestions for different solutions, we recommend that users should be clear about their methodological choices to aid comparisons and knowledge translation.

Monitoring knowledge translation and the impact of HI in European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Delnord ◽  
L A Abboud ◽  
H Van Oyen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Impact Index ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background National health information systems (NHIS) report on the health of populations, the determinants of health and service use within countries. Thus far, the evaluation of HIS has largely focused on data production, and less on their impact in policy and practice. This entails that there is no standardized framework for monitoring the uptake of Health Information (HI) in the healthcare system. Methods An international Delphi with public health professionals and policy makers allowed reaching agreement on criteria for monitoring the impact of NHIS, based on four domains: (a) Health information Evidence Quality, (b) HIS Responsiveness, (c) Stakeholder Engagement, and (d) Knowledge Integration. Next, we pretested the Index among participating countries in the European Joint Action on Health Information. Results Over 130 public health professionals and policy-makers from 38 countries participated in the Delphi. The panel reached agreement on 30 criteria to monitor the impact of HIS in policy and practice; these constitute the HI-Impact Index. Eight countries participated in pretesting the HI-Impact Index. InfAct country representative found the HIS evaluation tool user friendly and the time needed to fill the evaluation acceptable. They noted however the need to refine the auditing guidelines further as to who shall be responsible for conducting the evaluation (i.e. multistakeholder evaluation vs. single governing body), and which type of population health data sources should be included as part of the evaluation. Conclusions Knowledge translation facilitates the implementation of practices that will benefit population health and well-being. The HI-Impact Index addresses a growing demand for more transparency and accountability in the use of HI and scientific evidence within countries. Next steps consist in further piloting the HI-Impact Index for use in specific health areas (i.e. maternal and child health, cancer, antimicrobial resistance).

Assessing the quality of public health in the Russian Federation and Israel: Main problems and solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-632
Author(s):  
A.S. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Subject. The article addresses the public health in the Russian Federation and Israel. Objectives. The focus is on researching the state of public health in Russia and Israel, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project methodology, identifying problem areas and searching for possible ways to improve the quality of health of the Russian population based on the experience of Israel. Methods. The study draws on the ideology of the GBD project, which is based on the Disability-Adjusted Life-Year (DALY) metric. Results. The paper reveals the main causes of DALY losses and important risk factors for cancer for Russia and Israel. The findings show that the total DALY losses for Russia exceed Israeli values. The same is true for cancer diseases. Conclusions. Activities in Israel aimed at improving the quality of public health, the effectiveness of which has been proven, can serve as practical recommendations for Russia. The method of analysis, using the ideology of the GBD project, can be used as a tool for quantitative and comparative assessment of the public health.

Identifying Public Health Problems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Burris ◽  
Micah L. Berman ◽  
Matthew Penn, and ◽  
Tara Ramanathan Holiday
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

Chapter 5 discusses the use of epidemiology to identify the source of public health problems and inform policymaking. It uses a case study to illustrate how researchers, policymakers, and practitioners detect diseases, identify their sources, determine the extent of an outbreak, and prevent new infections. The chapter also defines key measures in epidemiology that can indicate public health priorities, including morbidity and mortality, years of potential life lost, and measures of lifetime impacts, including disability-adjusted life years and quality-adjusted life years. Finally, the chapter reviews epidemiological study designs, differentiating between experimental and observational studies, to show how to interpret data and identify limitations.

scholarly journals Burden of foodborne disease in the Netherlands: from science to policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Mughini Gras
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Animal Contact

Abstract In the Netherlands, the Ministry of Health mandates the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) to provide annual updates of the number of illnesses, disease burden and cost-of-illness caused by an agreed-upon standard panel of 14 enteric pathogens. These pathogens are mainly transmitted by food, but also via direct contact with animals, environment-mediated and human-to-human transmission routes. The disease burden is expressed in DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years), a metric integrating morbidity and mortality into one unit. Furthermore, the cost-of-illness (COI) related to these 14 pathogens is estimated and expressed in euros. The COI estimates include healthcare costs, the costs for the patient and/or his family, such as travel expenses, as well as costs in other sectors, for example due to productivity losses. Moreover, using different approaches to source attribution, the estimated DALYs and associated COI estimates are attributed to five major transmission pathways (i.e. food, environment, direct animal contact, human-human transmission, and travel) and 11 food groups within the foodborne pathway itself. The most recent DALY and COI estimates referring to the year 2018 show that the 14 pathogens in question are cumulatively responsible for about 11,000 DALYs and €426 million costs for the Dutch population in 2018, with a share for foodborne transmission being estimated at 4,300 DALYs and €171 million costs, which is comparable to previous years. These estimates have been providing vital insights for policy making as to guide public health interventions and resource allocation for over two decades in the Netherlands. Herewith, the approach and outcomes of the burden of disease and COI estimates in the Netherlands will be presented, with a focus on how these estimates enable policy-makers and the scientific community to monitor trends, generate scientific hypotheses, and undertake public health actions.

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