The impact of obesity on absenteeism among working adults in Portugal and its costs

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Destri ◽  
J Alves ◽  
M J Gregório ◽  
S Dias ◽  
H Canhão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Obese Individual ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Obesity leeds to poor health and may afffect work productivity. We aim to investigate the association between obesity and absenteeism and its indirect costs. Methods Individuals employeed and actively working at baseline form the EpiDoC Cohort, a large portuguese population-based prospective study analized from 2011 to 2016. Body mass index was assessed during baseline appointment. Follow-up assessment was performed through a phone interview and self reported absenteeism defined by the question”did you have a sick leave in previous 12 months? yes/no”, followed by the number of days missed work due to sickness in the previous twelve months.(1) Negative Binomial Regression model estimated the association between obesity and absenteeism. Indirect costs were computed using the human-capital method. Results EpiDoC cohort had 4338 participants who were working adults at baseline. The prevalence of obesity among working adults was 15.2% and of absenteeism was 29.4%. Obesity was associated with an increase in absenteeism incidence rate ratio by 31% (p < 0.01). Obese individual miss 3.9 days per year (95% CI 3.1-4.5). This number is higher in women, 4.6 days per year (95% CI 3.6-5.6) and according to the professional categories women with white collar professions were 82% (p < 0.01) more likely to miss work than peers with their normal weight. Extrapolating for the entire working population, absenteeism due to obesity has an estimated cost of 236€ million per year. Conclusions Obesity is an independent risk factor for absenteeism among working adults wich leads to high societal burden in terms of costs. Food and nutrition policies are needed in order improve food patterns and reduce obesity levels among south european population. Key messages Obesity is an independent risk factor for absenteeism among working adults. Obesity increases absenteeism mainly in women and has a major impact on economies.

scholarly journals Impacts of Obesity On Absenteeism and Indirect Costs Among Working Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis From The EpiDoc Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli Destri ◽  
Joana Alves ◽  
Maria João Gregório ◽  
Sara Simões Dias ◽  
Helena Canhão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Working Adults

Abstract Background Obesity leads to poor health outcomes and may adversely affect work productivity. Here, we aimed to investigate the association between obesity and absenteeism and to assess its indirect costs. Methods The study population included individuals actively working at baseline from the Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Cohort (EpiDoC), a large Portuguese population-based prospective study. Body mass index was measured at baseline and in two follow-up interviews. Absenteeism in each wave of the EpiDoC was assessed by the question “Did you have a sick leave in the previous 12 months? yes/no”, followed by “How many days did you miss work due to sickness in the previous twelve months?”. Association between obesity and absenteeism was estimated with the negative binomial regression model, and indirect costs were computed by the human-capital approach. Results The EpiDoC included 4338 working adults at baseline. Prevalence of obesity among these individuals was 15.2% at baseline, and rate of absenteeism was 22.7%. Obesity was associated with a 31% increase in absenteeism incidence rate ratio (P < 0.01), with obese individuals missing 3.8 more days per year than those with normal weight (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 3.1–4.5). This number is higher in women (4.6 days per year; 95%CI: 3.6–5.6), and obese women with white collar professions were 82% (P < 0.01) more likely to miss work. Extrapolating to the entire working population, absenteeism due to obesity incurred an additional cost of €236 million per year. Conclusion Obesity is an independent risk factor for absenteeism among working adults, leading to high economic costs. These findings suggest improved food and nutrition policies are needed to control the obesity epidemic and reduce the associated economic burden.

Lp(a) lipoprotein--an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease after menopause

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Futterman ◽  
L Lemberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
History Of

Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for recurrent atherosclerotic heart disease in men and women after menopause. Excess levels of Lp(a) are seen in both males and females, more common in Africans, African Americans, and Asian populations than in whites. Since the standard lipid profile does not report Lp(a), it has to be ordered separately. Screening for Lp(a) should be considered under the following circumstances: (a) patient or family history of premature atherosclerotic heart disease, (b) familial history of hyperlipidemia, (c) established atherosclerotic heart disease with a normal routine lipid profile, (d) hyperlipidemia refractory to therapy, and (e) history of recurrent arterial stenosis. Treatment options are (a) a new extended-release form of niacin 3 to 4 g daily (although most effective in lowering Lp(a) and in reducing atherosclerotic heart disease mortality rates, its use may be limited because of side effects); (b) estrogen replacement after menopause, (however, concomitant progesterone therapy dilutes the effectiveness of estrogens); (c) lowering LDL with statins (generally effective in atherosclerotic heart disease but has no effect on Lp(a) levels), (d) aspirin and antibiotics (may be effective when C-reactive protein levels are high); and (e) folic acid (reduces homocysteine levels). The general measures that halt the progression of CAD should always be adhered to, namely, maintaining normal weight, a daily exercise program, blood pressure control, a low-cholesterol-forming diet, and daily aspirin.

Is BMI a risk factor for active surveillance progression in patients with prostate cancer diagnosed by MRI-Trus fusion biopsy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 124-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kareem Rayn ◽  
Samuel Gold ◽  
Graham R. Hale ◽  
Joey Baiocco ◽  
Jonathan Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fusion Biopsy ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
The Impact

124 Background: MRI−TRUS fusion biopsy (FBx) use in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) results in a more accurate assessment of disease burden and has increasingly been incorporated into urologic practice. In addition, with more men choosing active surveillance (AS) and the reports of increased PCa aggressiveness with obesity, we wanted to study the impact of obesity on the risk of PCa progression in men on AS diagnosed and followed by MRI and MRI−TRUS FBx. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on a prospectively maintained database of all men who underwent MRI−TRUS FBx at our institution from January 2007 to May 2015. Patient demographics, clinical data, imaging, pathology, treatment and outcomes were recorded. Patients who enrolled on AS were stratified by BMI into normal weight (BMI 18.5−24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0−29.9), and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: 204 men were enrolled in AS. Within the AS cohort, 51 (25%) had a normal weight, 101 (49.5%) were overweight, and 52 (25.5%) were obese. Age, BMI, PSA and mean estimated progression free survival time are described for each of these groups in Table 1. The overall rate of progression was 32.8%. Of the patients who progressed, 18 (26.9%) were normal weight, 32 (15.7%) were overweight and 17 (25.4%) were obese. On multivariate analysis, BMI was not a risk factor for AS progression, HR = 1.00 (p = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.95−1.06). Conclusions: There is evidence of increased risk of aggressive PCa specific death in obese patients. However, we demonstrate that in patients diagnosed by FBx, obesity does not confer an additional risk of progression on AS. This may be due to the improved characterization of cancer volume and grade by MRI−TRUS fusion biopsy. Further study is required to determine risk factors for AS progression in patients undergoing FBx. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, NIH, Medical Research Scholars Program.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Impact on Meningitis and Pneumonia Among Children Aged <5 Years—Zimbabwe, 2010–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S72-S80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vongai Dondo ◽  
Hilda Mujuru ◽  
Kusum Nathoo ◽  
Vengai Jacha ◽  
Ottias Tapfumanei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Pediatric Pneumonia ◽  
Vaccine Impact ◽  
Meningitis In Children ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia and meningitis in children aged <5 years. Zimbabwe introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2012 using a 3-dose infant schedule with no booster dose or catch-up campaign. We evaluated the impact of PCV13 on pediatric pneumonia and meningitis. Methods We examined annual changes in the proportion of hospitalizations due to pneumonia and meningitis among children aged <5 years at Harare Central Hospital (HCH) pre-PCV13 (January 2010–June 2012) and post-PCV13 (July 2013–December 2016) using a negative binomial regression model, adjusting for seasonality. We also evaluated post-PCV13 changes in serotype distribution among children with confirmed pneumococcal meningitis at HCH and acute respiratory infection (ARI) trends using Ministry of Health outpatient data. Results Pneumonia hospitalizations among children aged <5 years steadily declined pre-PCV13; no significant change in annual decline was observed post-PCV13. Post-PCV13 introduction, meningitis hospitalization decreased 30% annually (95% confidence interval [CI], –42, –14) among children aged 12–59 months, and no change was observed among children aged 0–11 months. Pneumococcal meningitis caused by PCV13 serotypes decreased from 100% in 2011 to 50% in 2016. Annual severe and moderate outpatient ARI decreased by 30% (95% CI, –33, –26) and 7% (95% CI, –11, –2), respectively, post-PCV13 introduction. Conclusions We observed declines in pediatric meningitis hospitalizations, PCV13-type pneumococcal meningitis, and severe and moderate ARI outpatient visits post-PCV13 introduction. Low specificity of discharge codes, changes in referral patterns, and improvements in human immunodeficiency virus care may have contributed to the lack of additional declines in pneumonia hospitalizations post-PCV13 introduction.

Heterogeneous impact of CO2 emissions on renewable energy technology innovation between oil importers and exporters

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2092893
Author(s):  
Bai Liu ◽  
Yutian Liu ◽  
Ailian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Renewable Energy Technology ◽  
The Impact

With the depletion of fossil energy and the rise of global temperature, it is urgent to use renewable energy to solve environmental problems. By studying the heterogeneous relationship between CO2 emissions and renewable energy technology innovation in different countries, we can find out the gap and something helpful to energy development. In the empirical test, we use the negative binomial regression model with fixed effects to study the impact of CO2 emissions on renewable energy technology innovation from 1997 to 2016. The research shows that impact is positive in oil-importing countries, but this relationship is not established in oil-exporting countries. In both oil importers and oil exporters, CO2 emissions have a positive effect on the solar energy technological innovation, however, the influence on the technology innovation of solar energy in oil exporters is more significant than that of renewable energy. Whether for oil importers or oil exporters, it can be more reasonable and effective to develop renewable energy by clarifying the impact of CO2 emissions on domestic renewable energy technology innovation.

Managing Threats on the High Seas: The Role of Naval Bases on Reducing Maritime Piracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2110494
Author(s):  
Orlandrew E. Danzell ◽  
Jacob A. Mauslein ◽  
John D. Avelar
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Maritime Piracy ◽  
Time Series Dataset ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Impact

Weak coastal states often lack an adequate, sustained naval presence to monitor and police their territorial waters. Unpatrolled waters, both territorial and otherwise, may provide pirates with substantial financial opportunities that go far beyond any single country. Maritime piracy costs the global economy on average USD 24 billion per year. This research explores the impact of naval bases on acts of piracy to determine if naval presence can decrease the likelihood of piracy. To examine this important economic and national security issue, our research employs a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. We also rely upon a newly constructed time-series dataset for the years 1992–2018. Our study shows that the presence of naval bases is essential in helping maritime forces combat piracy. Policymakers searching for options to combat piracy should find the results of this study especially useful in creating prescriptive approaches that aid in solving offshore problems.

MUSCULOSKELETAL COMPLAINTS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghorbanali Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
High School Teachers ◽  
Occupational Injury ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
The Impact

Musculoskeletal disorders represent one of the leading causes of occupational injury and disability in the developed and industrially developing countries. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Iranian high school teachers was determined by using Nordic questionnaires as the diagnostic tool. Data on MSDs were analyzed in 231 high school teachers. The survey was performed four times, twice every year. The MSDs were defined using three definitions, based on the frequency, duration and pain intensity of the symptoms. Symptoms causing work interference in the last 12 months were reported by 35% male and 15% female participants at baseline. Low back symptoms were the most common cause of work impairment (male = 69%, female = 77%), followed by equality pain in the neck. Based on the participants report, during the last 24 months there were totally 35% male and 15% female days of sick leave due to MSDs. The study confirms that the high prevalence of musculoskeletal problems may prevent teachers from doing their jobs, resulting in work absenteeism, may decrease work productivity, and may incur direct and indirect costs. Future research will examine the impact of organizational of work.

scholarly journals SUN-296 Acromegaly Significantly Impacts Employees’ Health Benefit Costs and Increases Work Absenteeism

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C j Yuen ◽  
Kathryn A Munoz ◽  
Richard Alan Brook ◽  
John D Whalen ◽  
Ian A Beren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Work Absenteeism ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Acromegaly (ACRO) is a rare, chronic disorder of growth hormone hypersecretion associated with increased morbidity that can affect work productivity. Data on ACRO employees’ health costs and work absenteeism are limited. Aims: To assess the impact of ACRO on employees’ health benefit costs and absenteeism. Methods: A US employee database of prescription (Rx) drug, medical claims, and absenteeism (payment and time) from Jan 2010 to Apr 2019 was analyzed. Employees with the diagnosis (Dx) of ACRO were identified based on claims with ICD-9/-10 codes 253.0x/E22.0. A 12 month study period followed each employee’s first ACRO Dx in the database (the index date). ACRO patients in the study had ≥ 2 ACRO Dxs &gt; 30 days apart, or 1 ACRO Dx plus either a pituitary adenoma Dx or a pituitary surgery or radiosurgery claim during the study period. Controls were matched to each ACRO employee on demographic, job-related variables, region, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score. Costs were adjusted using the general Consumer Price Index (CPI), medical CPI, and Rx cost CPI. Outcomes included direct costs (medical and Rx), indirect costs (absence payments by benefit type), and lost time (absences by benefit type). Outcomes were analyzed using two-part regression models (logistic followed by generalized linear) for each outcome, controlling for demographic and job-related variables, region, and CCI scores. Data are shown as likelihood or mean ± standard error. Findings are significant at P &lt; 0.05. Results: Participants were 18–65 yr old with continuous eligibility for medical and Rx benefits for the study period. Forty seven ACRO patients and 940 controls were identified. ACRO employees were similar to the controls in most demographic (age, gender, race) and job-related variables (tenure, full-/part-time status, exempt status, salary), but had a higher CCI (0.60 ± 0.15 vs 0.30 ± 0.03; P = 0.029) and a higher incidence of chronic lung disease (31.9 vs 17.4%; P = 0.012), hyperlipidemia (27.7 vs 16.0%, P = 0.035), arthritis (19.1 vs 3.7%), diabetes (31.9 vs 8.3%), hypertension (40.4 vs 13.6%), and thyroid disease (31.9 vs 8.9%) (P &lt; 0.0001). Patients with ACRO were 64.3% more likely to have undergone an MRI (P &lt; 0.0001).Total indirect costs (including sick leave and disability) were higher for ACRO patients ($10,530 vs $1,157; P &lt; 0.05) with both short-term and long-term disability comprising 96% of the difference. Compared with employees without ACRO, employees with ACRO used more short-term disability (10.9 vs 0.9 days; P = 0.0076) and had more total days absent from work (12.7 vs 3.3 days; P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ACRO has far-reaching implications on direct and indirect employee health benefit costs and increased work absenteeism. Awareness by employers of ACRO-induced increased absenteeism is important to tailor working conditions and to prevent unrealistic work expectations.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation in LRP1 Associates with Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection Risk and Clinical Outcome

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Philipp Erhart ◽  
Daniel Körfer ◽  
Caspar Grond-Ginsbach ◽  
Jia-Lu Qiao ◽  
Moritz S. Bischoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Type B ◽  
Aortic Dissections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stanford Type B

Genetic variation in LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) was reported to be associated with thoracic aortic dissections and aneurysms. The aims of this study were to confirm this association in a prospective single-center patient cohort of patients with acute Stanford type B aortic dissections (STBAD) and to assess the impact of LRP1 variation on clinical outcome. The single nucleotide variation (SNV) rs11172113 within the LRP1 gene was genotyped in 113 STBAD patients and 768 healthy control subjects from the same population. The T-allele of rs11172113 was more common in STBAD patients as compared to the reference group (72.6% vs. 59.6%) and confirmed to be an independent risk factor for STBAD (p = 0.002) after sex and age adjustment in a logistic regression model analyzing diabetes, smoking and hypertension as additional risk factors. Analysis of clinical follow-up (median follow-up 2.0 years) revealed that patients with the T-allele were more likely to suffer aorta-related complications (T-allele 75.6% vs. 63.8%; p = 0.022). In this study sample of STBAD patients, variation in LRP1 was an independent risk factor for STBAD and affected clinical outcome.

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