scholarly journals Health promotion and disease prevention of people aged 60 year or older

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jackytė
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Older People ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
The World ◽  
Cooking Classes

Abstract The number of people aged 60 years or older is increasing over the world. According to the World Health Organization, keeping the health and functional independence of older people is one of the major challenges facing the European region. Older people in Lithuania are not linked to take care of their health. As a result, most of the people aged 65 years or older have a poor health. In 2018, 51.6 % of people aged 65 or older had limited knowledge of health literacy in health promotion. In order to change health-related behavior, Kaunas city municipality Public health bureau started to run a healthy ageing project. The project started in September 2018 and finished in December 2020. The aim of the project was to improve the health literacy level of Kaunas city citizens aged 60 years or older and to form positive changes in their health behaviour by implementing public health promotion program in Kaunas city. Different evidence-based physical activities were organized during the project: taichi, line dancing, aquatic exercise, functional training, and physiotherapy exercise. 888 residents aged over 60 years participated in 816 project activities. Healthy cooking classes with professional chefs were also organized for older people. As a result, 120 elderly people gained knowledge and skills in property nutrition during 40 healthy cooking classes. To improve older people's mental health, psycho-emotional activities such as mindfulness-awareness and brainstorming sessions were organized. A total of 314 older people participated in the 37 trainings of improving the psycho-emotional state. Women were more likely to participate in health promotion activities. In order to attract more men, collaboration and involvement of local communities was outgoing. Key messages Empowering older people to make healthy choices can help to prolong the autonomy of older people and thus bring significant economic and social benefits. Collaboration and involvement of local communities can bring relevant effect for public health in building complex strategy of healthy aging.

scholarly journals Understanding health education, health promotion and public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kitty R. Van Teijlingen ◽  
Bhimsen Devkota ◽  
Flora Douglas ◽  
Padam Simkhada ◽  
Edwin R. Van Teijlingen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Education ◽  
World Health ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theoretical Overview

Across the globe, there can be confusion about the difference between the concepts of health education, health promotion and, often also, public health. This confusion does not limit itself to the individual terms but also to how these terms relate to each other. Some use terms such as health education and health promotion interchangeably; others see them clearly as different concepts. In this theoretical overview paper, we have first of all outlined our understanding of these individual terms. We suggest how the five principles of health promotion as outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1984) fit into Tannahill’s (2009) model of three overlapping areas: (a) health education; (b) prevention of ill health; and (c) health protection. Our schematic overview places health education within health promotion and health promotion itself in the center of the overarching disciplines of education and public health. We hope our representation helps reduce confusion among all those interested in our discipline, including students, educators, journalists, practitioners, policymakers, politicians, and researchers.

scholarly journals Expected impact of COVID-19 outbreak in a major metropolitan area in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarcísio M. Rocha Filho ◽  
Fabiana Sherine Ganem dos Santos ◽  
Victor Bertollo Gomes ◽  
Thiago Augusto Hernandes Rocha ◽  
Julio Henrique Rosa Croda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
World Health ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractIn January 2020 China reported to the World Health Organization an outbreak of pneumonia of undetermined origin in the city of Wuhan, Hubei. In January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Interest (PHEI).ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of a COVID-19 epidemic in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil.MethodsWe used a generalized SEIR (Susceptibles, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered) model, with additional Hospitalized variables (SEIHR model) and age-stratified structure to analyze the expected time evolution during the onset of the epidemic in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. The model allows to determine the evolution of the number of cases, the number of patients admitted to hospitals and deaths caused by COVID-19. In order to investigate the sensibility of our results with respect to parameter estimation errors we performed Monte Carlo analysis with 100 000 simulations by sampling parameter values from an uniform distribution in the confidence interval.ResultsWe estimate 1 368 (IQR: 880, 2 407) cases, 301 (22%) in older people (≥60 years), 81 (50, 143) hospitalizations, and 14 (9, 26) deaths in the first 30 days, and 38 583 (IQR: 16 698, 113, 163) cases, 8 427 (21.8%) in older people (≥60 years), 2181 (914, 6392) hospitalizations, and 397(166, 1205) deaths in the first 60 days.LimitationsWe supposed a constant transmission probability Pc among different age-groups, and that every severe and critic case will be hospitalized, as well as that the detection capacity in all the primary healthcare services does not change during the outbreak.ConclusionSupposing the reported parameters in the literature apply in the city of São Paulo, our study shows that it is expected that the impact of a COVID-19 outbreak will be important, requiring special planning from the authorities. This is the first study for a major metropolitan center in the south hemisphere, and we believe it can provide policy makers with a prognosis of the burden of the pandemic not only in Brazil, but also in other tropical zones, allowing to estimate total cases, hospitalization and deaths, in support to the management of the public health emergence caused by COVID-19.

scholarly journals Coronavírus: a necessidade de novas atitudes em saúde pública

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (33) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Eliane Da Conceição Lourenço ◽  
Fabiano Saldanha Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
Tatiana Lourenço Emmerich de Souza ◽  
Monique Silvino Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Work ◽  
Health Organization

O mundo foi assolado por um vírus em 2019 que teve seu início na China, com grande poder letal, evidenciando fragilidades dos sistemas de saúde no fornecimento da assistência à população, o coronavírus. A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), emitiu um alerta pela alta capacidade de transmissão do vírus por via respiratória e por não possuir medidas eficazes de tratamento e cura. O artigo possui o objetivo de realizar uma reflexão, baseada no histórico da pandemia da COVID-19, abordando as estratégias usadas pelas autoridades em saúde para proteger a população, mudanças de hábitos de higiene da população pelo medo do contágio. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo baseado na literatura e na percepção dos autores sobre a doença. Demonstra-se que, a pandemia confirmou a necessidade do trabalho global das entidades de pesquisa em saúde, para melhor condução de situações semelhantes no futuro.Descritores: Infecções por Coronavirus, Saúde Pública, Promoção da Saúde. Coronavirus: the need for new attitudes in public healthAbstract: The world was plagued by a virus in 2019 that started in China, with great lethal power and highlighted the weaknesses in health systems in providing assistance to the population - the coronavirus. The World Health Organization (WHO), issued an alert for the high capacity of transmission of the virus through the respiratory route and for not having effective measures of treatment and cure. The article aims to reflect, based on the history of the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing the strategies used by health authorities to protect the population and changes in the population's hygiene habits for fear of contagion. This is a descriptive study based on the literature and the authors' perception of the disease. The pandemic confirmed the need of the global work of health research entities to better manage similar situations in the future.Descriptors: Coronavirus Infections, Public Health, Health Promotion. Coronavirus: la necesidad de nuevas actitudes en salud públicaResumen: El mundo estuvo asolado por un virus en 2019, que arrancó en China, con gran poder letal, evidenciando debilidades en los sistemas de salud para atender a la población, el coronavirus. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), emitió una alerta por la alta capacidad de transmisión del virus por vía respiratoria y por no contar con medidas efectivas de tratamiento y cura. El artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar, a partir de la historia de la pandemia COVID-19, abordando las estrategias utilizadas por las autoridades sanitarias para proteger a la población, los cambios en los hábitos de higiene de la población por temor al contagio. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo basado en la literatura y la percepción de los autores sobre la enfermedad. Se demuestra que la pandemia confirmó la necesidad del trabajo global de las entidades de investigación en salud para gestionar mejor situaciones similares en el futuro.Descriptores: Infecciones por Coronavirus, Salud Publica, Promoción de la Salud.

scholarly journals Actual aspects of public health policy formation on the example of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Oleksii Demikhov ◽  
Iya Dehtyarova ◽  
Nadiia Demikhova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
World Health ◽  
System Formation ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Our publication is devoted to the evolution of the public health system, its role in public health promotion and determination of the basic notions. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, public health is a science and practice of the diseases prevention, increase in life expectancy and health promotion with the help of the organized actions of the society. Yet in practice, public health formed under difficult conditions. In the article we consider the following questions: stages of public health system formation in the world and in Ukraine; analysis of public health system formation in Ukraine: institutional frameworks and strategic priorities and basic operational public health functions in Ukraine. We propose suggestions on legal procedures state improvement in public health in Ukraine in the context of European integration. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(3) 2020 p.358-364

Healthcare apps on smartphones available in Brazil: a preliminary classification (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André De Faria Pereira Neto ◽  
Leticia Barbosa ◽  
Rodolfo Paolucci
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Computing Device ◽  
Care Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Applications

UNSTRUCTURED Billions of people in the world own a smartphone. It is a low-cost, portable computing device with countless features, among which applications stand out, which are programs or software developed to meet a specific goal. A wide range of applications available ranging from entertainment and personal organization to work and education is available currently. It is a vast and profitable market. Health applications have been a means of intervention for different areas, including chronic diseases, epidemics, and health emergencies. A recently published paper in the journal with the highest impact factor in Digital Health (“Journal of Medical Internet Research”) proposes a classification of health applications. This study performs a critical analysis of this organization and presents other sort criteria. This paper also presents and analyzes the “Meu Info Saúde” (“My Health Info”) app – a pioneering government initiative focused on primary care launched by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. The application classification proposal that will be presented builds on the intervention strategies in the health-disease process, namely: “Health Promotion”, “Disease Prevention” and “Care, Treatment and Rehabilitation”, as defined by official documents such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Most applications present in the sample are of private and foreign origin, free to download, but with a display of ads or the sale of products and services. The sampled applications were classified as “Health Promotion”, and some applications have also been categorized as “Disease Prevention” or “Care, Treatment or Rehabilitation” because they have multiple functionalities. The applications identified as “Health Promotion” focused only on individuals’ lifestyle and their increased autonomy and self-care management capacity. From this perspective, the apps analyzed in this paper differ from the “Meu Info-Saúde” application developed at Fiocruz.

Essential Dental Public Health

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blánaid Daly ◽  
Paul Batchelor ◽  
Elizabeth Treasure ◽  
Richard Watt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Dental Public Health ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Based Medicine

Public health is a key concern of modern dental practitioners as they continue to play a vital role in the health of populations across the world. The second edition of Essential Dental Public Health identifies the links between clinical practice and public health with a strong emphasis on evidence-based medicine. Fully revised and updated for a second edition, this textbook is split into four parts covering all the need-to-know aspects of the subject: the principles of dental public health, oral epidemiology, prevention and oral health promotion, and the governance and organization of health services. Essential Dental Public Health is an ideal introduction to the field for dentistry undergraduates, as well as being a helpful reference for postgraduates and practitioners.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the first pharmacy-led weight management programme in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i45-i46
Author(s):  
A Peletidi ◽  
R Kayyali
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Introduction Obesity is one of the main cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.(1) In primary care, pharmacists are in a unique position to offer weight management (WM) interventions. Greece is the European country with the highest number of pharmacies (84.06 pharmacies per 100,000 citizens).(2) The UK was chosen as a reference country, because of the structured public health services offered, the local knowledge and because it was considered to be the closest country to Greece geographically, unlike Australia and Canada, where there is also evidence confirming the potential role of pharmacists in WM. Aim To design and evaluate a 10-week WM programme offered by trained pharmacists in Patras. Methods This WM programme was a step ahead of other interventions worldwide as apart from the usual measuring parameters (weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure (BP)) it also offered an AUDIT-C and Mediterranean diet score tests. Results In total,117 individuals participated. Of those, 97.4% (n=114), achieved the programme’s aim, losing at least 5% of their initial weight. The mean % of total weight loss (10th week) was 8.97% (SD2.65), and the t-test showed statistically significant results (P<0.001; 95% CI [8.48, 9.45]). The programme also helped participants to reduce their waist-to-height ratio, an early indicator of the CVD risk in both male (P=0.004) and female (P<0.001) participants. Additionally, it improved participants’ BP, AUDIT-C score and physical activity levels significantly (P<0.001). Conclusion The research is the first systematic effort in Greece to initiate and explore the potential role of pharmacists in public health. The successful results of this WM programme constitute a first step towards the structured incorporation of pharmacists in public’s health promotion. It proposed a model for effectively delivering public health services in Greece. This study adds to the evidence in relation to pharmacists’ CVD role in public health with outcomes that superseded other pharmacy-led WM programmes. It also provides the first evidence that Greek pharmacists have the potential to play an important role within primary healthcare and that after training they are able to provide public health services for both the public’s benefit and their clinical role enhancement. This primary evidence should support the Panhellenic Pharmaceutical Association, to “fight” for their rights for an active role in primary care. In terms of limitations, it must be noted that the participants’ collected data were recorded by pharmacists, and the analysis therefore depended on the accuracy of the recorded data, in particular on the measurements or calculations obtained. Although the sample size was achieved, it can be argued that it is small for the generalisation of findings across Greece. Therefore, the WM programme should be offered in other Greek cities to identify if similar results can be replicated, so as to consolidate the contribution of pharmacists in promoting public health. Additionally, the study was limited as it did not include a control group. Despite the limitations, our findings provide a model for a pharmacy-led public health programme revolving around WM that can be used as a model for services in the future. References 1. Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, World Health Organization., World Heart Federation., World Stroke Organization. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization; 2011 [cited 2018 Jun 26]. 155 p. Available from: http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/publications/atlas_cvd/en/ 2. Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union. Pharmacy with you throughout life:PGEU Annual Report [Internet]. 2015. Available from: https://www.pgeu.eu/en/library/530:annual-report-2015.html

scholarly journals Application of the Ottawa Charter Five Priority Areas of Action for Public Health to an Institution-Wide Diabetes Care Promotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Min-Hua Lin ◽  
She-Yu Chiu ◽  
Wen-Chao Ho ◽  
Hui-Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Diabetes Patients

This study was the first institution-wide health promotion program in Taiwan to apply the five priority areas for taking action in public health highlighted in the Ottawa Charter for diabetes patients. We aimed to improve the quality of home care received by diabetic patients by training health care professionals in health promotion. This program consisted of developing personal skills, reorienting health services, strengthening community actions, creating supportive environments, and building healthy public policy. It was applied in the Yunlin Christian Hospital located in central Taiwan from August 2011 to November 2011. A health-promoting education course consisting of weight control, diabetes care, and quality management for diabetes was developed and applied to all 323 hospital staff. Then, hospital staff volunteers and diabetes patients were recruited to participate in the program. A total of 61 staff volunteers and 90 diabetes patients were involved in this study. Staff volunteers were trained to participate in communities to provide care and guidance to patients with diabetes. The World Health Organization Quality of Life(WHOQOL)-BREF-Taiwan Version questionnaires were investigated before and after implementation of this program for the patients. A health-promoting lifestyle profile questionnaire was filled by the staff. The investigation data were then analyzed by statistical methods. The diabetes patients experienced a significant increase in their satisfaction with health and health-related quality of life as well as significant improvements in health-promotion and self-management behaviors (p < 0.05). In addition, staff volunteers significantly consumes food from the five major groups than the other staff (p < 0.05). Various improvements in health-promoting behaviors were observed amongst the hospital staff and the diabetic patients. Our project could be a reference for other medical organizations to implement an institution-wide health-promotion program for diabetic patients.

A Framework Convention on Alcohol Control: Getting Concrete about Its Contents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Robin ROOM ◽  
Jenny CISNEROS ÖRNBERG
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Narcotic Drugs

This article proposes and discusses the text of a Framework Convention on Alcohol Control, which would serve public health and welfare interests. The history of alcohol’s omission from current drug treaties is briefly discussed. The paper spells out what should be covered in the treaty, using text adapted primarily from the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, but for the control of trade from the 1961 narcotic drugs treaty. While the draft provides for the treaty to be negotiated under the auspices of the World Health Organization, other auspices are possible. Excluding alcohol industry interests from the negotiation of the treaty is noted as an important precondition. The articles in the draft treaty and their purposes are briefly described, and the divergences from the tobacco treaty are described and justified. The text of the draft treaty is provided as Supplementary Material. Specification of concrete provisions in a draft convention points the way towards more effective global actions and agreements on alcohol control, whatever form they take.

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