scholarly journals Example 1: Danish regulations to phase out smoking

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Pisinger
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Home Schools ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Abstract In recent years, progress in Danish tobacco control has come to a halt and there has been an increase in smoking prevalence. A capacity assessment report on the implementation of effective tobacco control measures concluded that there is no overall strategy or plan to protect children, adolescents and adults from the harms of tobacco, despite the national vision of no children and adolescents smoking by 2030. Another finding was that the tobacco industry is influential in Danish policy-making and not properly regulated. Key recommendations were: 1) Develop an overall, comprehensive strategy and implement a well-designed plan. 2) Increase tobacco taxes. 3) Adopt plain packaging and a point-of-sale display ban. 4) Ensure protection from exposure to second-hand smoke and 5) Protect public health policy from the influence of the tobacco industry. The Danish Government, however, is very reluctant and there is no sign of implementation of the recommendations, despite strong public support. On the other hand, there is progress at local level as many municipalities and private workplaces have implemented smokefree working hours (no smoking at all during working hours, even if you work at home), schools have implemented smokefree school hours (no smoking from 8 to 16, even if pupils go home for lunch or break) and large supermarket chains have implemented point-of-sale display bans.

scholarly journals Impact of the WHO FCTC on tobacco control: perspectives from stakeholders in 12 countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. s129-s135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Craig ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
Janet Chung-Hall ◽  
Pekka Puska
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Independent Expert ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), the first WHO treaty, entered into force in 2005. In April 2015, a seven-member independent expert group (EG) was established by a decision of the FCTC Conference of the Parties to assess the impact of the Treaty in its first decade.One component of the EG’s methodology was to gather evidence on WHO FCTC impact from Parties themselves. This paper presents findings from 12 country missions on how the FCTC impacted progress on tobacco control.MethodsBetween November 2015 and May 2016, EG members conducted missions in 12 countries representing each of the six WHO regions and the four World Bank economic development levels. In each country, the EG interviewed a broad range of stakeholders to assess the extent to which the FCTC had contributed to tobacco control. The primary objective was to assess whether tobacco control measures would have been developed or passed, or implemented at all, or as quickly, if there had been no FCTC. Through this counterfactual inquiry, the EG sought to determine the FCTC’s causal role.ConclusionThe FCTC was reported to have made contributions along the entire policy/regulation process: the development of a measure, building legislative and political support for a measure and its implementation. These stakeholder perspectives support the conclusion that the FCTC has played a pivotal role in accelerating and strengthening the implementation of tobacco control measures, although tobacco industry interference continues to be a significant obstacle to further advancement.

The taste of smoke: tobacco industry strategies to prevent the prohibition of additives in tobacco products in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (e2) ◽  
pp. e92-e101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Luiz Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Stella Aguinaga Bialous ◽  
Patrícia Gonçalves Duarte Albertassi ◽  
Daniela Aparecida dos Reis Arquete ◽  
Ana Marcia Messeder Sebrao Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
The World ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
Smoke Tobacco

BackgroundThe tobacco industry (TI) uses several strategies to attract new consumers, including using additives in tobacco products, which makes tobacco especially attractive to youth. Based on scientific evidence and the principles of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA, for the name in Portuguese), published the Collegiate Board Resolution (RDC, for the name in Portuguese) 14/2012 in 2012, prohibiting the addition of substances that enhance the flavour and taste of tobacco products in order to make them more attractive. In response, the TI used various strategies to prevent RDC 14/2012 from entering into force. At the time, the Brazilian additive ban was the most comprehensive in the world as it included a ban on menthol.ObjectivesThis paper analyses the arguments and strategies used by the TI to prevent the implementation of the additives ban.MethodsReview of published articles, reports, legislation and legislative activity, internal TI documents, media stories and other documents to describe TI’s reaction to the ban.ResultsThe results show that the TI used some well-known strategies to delay or cancel the entering into force of the resolution. For example, the TI attempted political interference, used litigation and commissioned studies with findings that questioned the resolution’s rationale. The TI strategies used in Brazil are similar to those used at the global level to oppose other tobacco control measures.ConclusionsTI successfully delayed the most comprehensive additive ban in the world using its usual tactics, despite the fact that none of the arguments presented by the TI had an acceptable scientific basis or evidence.

scholarly journals Tobacco industry tactics in response to extensive tobacco control legislation in Israel

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Bar-Zeev ◽  
C Berg ◽  
S Kislev ◽  
H Geva ◽  
E Godinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Legislative Reform ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Shared Information ◽  
Cigarette Package

Abstract Issue Tobacco control in Israel has been lagging, and smoking rates have remained stable in the last decade (∼20%). In 2018, landmark legislation was passed to go into effect during 2019- 2020. The tobacco and vaping industry employed several tactics to circumvent and test the ability to enforce the new legislation. Examining industry responses to legislative reform in Israel may inform policy and enforcement internationally. Description of the Problem Resulting from strong political will, supportive media, and a strong coalition of tobacco control advocates, the legislation involves: 1) advertising bans in all media, excluding print press; 2) point-of-sales display bans; 3) plain packaging with textual health warning labels; and 4) extending the legislation to include also vaping products. Industry tactics to circumvent/test this legislation were communicated through an active social media group of tobacco control coalition members who shared information regarding such tactics in all geographical areas in Israel and via different media outlets. Results Various measures employed by the industry included, for example, print media advertisements with branded elements in the background (prohibited by law); new signs and display boxes for heated tobacco products and e-cigarettes, at the point-of-sale, that say “An alternative to cigarettes”; distributing branded tin cases for cigarettes; Highlighting different brands online and in print media using colors and fonts that are not allowed as part of plain packaging, and including branded elements inside the cigarette package Lessons Anything not specifically covered or detailed or verbiage that is open to interpretation provides an opening for the industry to circumvent the legislation intentions. It is crucial that legislation be as specific and detailed as possible, anticipate industry efforts to identify such 'loopholes', and compel industry compliance through efficient enforcement. Key messages In response to extensive tobacco control legislation in Israel, the tobacco industry employed various tactics to bypass legislative efforts. Tobacco control legislation and regulation need to use detailed wording to prevent alternative interpretations by the tobacco industry.

scholarly journals Evidence on Article 5.3 of FCTC (Tobacco Industry Interference in tobacco control activities) in India- a Qualitative scoping study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Goel ◽  
Sitanshu Sekhar Kar ◽  
Madhur Verma ◽  
Parthibane Sivanantham ◽  
Bijay Nanda Naik
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Barriers And Challenges

Abstract Background: Tobacco Industry (TI) strives to portray itself as being “socially responsible” and contest for pertinent decision-making positions, which it uses to deter, delay or dilute tobacco control measures. There is little documented evidence of Tobacco Industry Interference (TII) from India, the scope of their interference and challenges faced by the experts for effective tobacco control.Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative research design, based upon in-depth interviews (N=26), was used to explore the opinion of key stakeholders regarding TII in India. The interview schedule collected information about the participant’s roles and responsibilities in tobacco control, the nature of TII faced by the participant, means of influence by TI, barriers and challenges to tobacco control efforts using a set of questions. Results: Most of the respondents were engaged in tobacco control, training, advocacy, and awareness generation activities from the last 5-10 years or more. The respondents defined the TI and its scope as per their experience with the help of power ranking methodology. Most of them perceived TI as ‘Manufacturers’ while others consider them as ‘advertisers’, ‘public relation companies’, ‘wholesalers’, ‘vendors’, and ‘Government firms having TI stocks’ as TI. We identified six major domains (Influencing the policy and administrative decisions, Interference with implementation of tobacco control laws and activities, False propaganda and hiding the truth, manipulating front action groups (FAG), Rampant tobacco advertising and promotion activities, and others) under which TII activities were classified. Most respondents were of opinion that TI players were interfering in the policy decisions, implementation of the tobacco control laws and activities, and manipulating the FAG. A detailed taxonomic classification of the TII strategies that emerged from our analysis were linked to article 5.3 of FCTC. Conclusions: The activity documented a significant level of TII in different domains with stakeholders acting at various hierarchical levels. The study provide insights about the nefarious tactics of TI, enable stakeholders to anticipate and pre-empt the kinds of alliances the TI may attempt to build, stimulate academicians and researchers to undertake in-depth analysis into various strategies and underscore the need for ensuring transparency in official interactions with the TI and their representatives.

scholarly journals Tobacco retail licencing systems in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055910
Author(s):  
Mirte A G Kuipers ◽  
Paulien A W Nuyts ◽  
Marc C Willemsen ◽  
Anton E Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Minimum Age

Tobacco retailer licencing has been recommended as an effective tobacco control strategy. In most European countries, however, retailers do not need a licence to sell tobacco products. We aimed to stimulate a discussion on the potential for tobacco retail licencing in Europe by describing (1) potential public health benefits, (2) licencing methods and (3) barriers and success factors in adoption of licencing systems. There is limited scientific evidence, but tobacco retail licencing may reduce smoking in three ways: (1) improved enforcement of and compliance to existing point-of-sale tobacco control policies (eg, minimum age of sale), (2) a reduction in the number and/or density of tobacco retail outlets and (3) denormalisation of tobacco. Licencing systems may take diverse forms. Systems may make licences expensive, and set criteria for purchasing a licence and retaining the licence after first purchase. In Europe, licencing systems have been implemented in Finland, Hungary, France, Italy and Spain. Licencing in Finland and Hungary was adopted for public health reasons; in Finland, with strong public support. In France, Italy and Spain, tobacco sales were state-monopolised, driven by economic motives. The cases of Norway and Scotland show that adoption of retail licencing may fail when political support is insufficient and tobacco retailers organise opposition with support from the tobacco industry. In conclusion, tobacco retailer licencing is a promising method to contribute to tobacco control efforts. Placing tobacco retailer licencing in a child protection framework may help generate the strong political and public support needed to effectively adopt licencing systems.

scholarly journals Tobacco Control Litigation: Broader Impacts on Health Rights Adjudication

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Cabrera ◽  
Juan Carballo
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Tobacco Taxes ◽  
Broader Impacts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health Rights

There is perhaps no area of law that so effectively protects human health and thereby advances the right to the highest attainable standard of health, as tobacco control. Globally, tobacco is responsible for 1 in 10 adult deaths, and is on track to kill 10 million people per year, mostly in developing countries, representing a US$200 billion drain on the global economy. Yet experience in recent decades has shown that a range of tobacco control measures, such as comprehensive bans on smoking in public places, tobacco taxes, and limits on tobacco advertising, can greatly reduce smoking prevalence. These measures have slowly curtailed the epidemic, despite strong opposition from various sectors led by the tobacco industry. It is fitting that tobacco control is the focus of a recent, widely ratified global treaty (the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control) and of increasing national litigation, often directly linked to countries’ human rights commitments.

scholarly journals Implementation of tobacco control measures in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, 2008–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S. Monshi ◽  
Jennifer Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
National Level ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Gcc Countries

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was developed to assist nations in reducing the demand and supply of tobacco. As of 2020, 182 nations joined the FCTC, agreeing to implement the recommended tobacco control measures. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates (UAE) ratified the WHO FCTC by August 2006. Given the unique political, cultural, and religious context – and known tobacco industry efforts to influence tobacco use- in these nations, a careful examination of the translation of FCTC measures into policy is needed. This study aimed to assess the implementation of FCTC tobacco control measures at the national level within the six GCC countries. Method We collected and coded the FCTC measures that were implemented in the GCC countries. We examined trends and variations of the implementation between 2008 and 2020. Results GCC countries implemented most FCTC measures targeting the demand for and supply of tobacco, with some variation among countries. Bahrain and Qatar were more comprehensively implementing FCTC measures while Kuwait and Oman implemented the least number of the FCTC measures. Implementing measures related to tobacco prices and eliminating the illicit tobacco trade has slowly progressed in GCC countries. All GCC countries entirely banned smoking in workplaces while three countries implemented a partial ban in restaurants. Only Oman has restrictions on tobacco ads shown in media. There is progress in implementing FCTC measures related to tobacco packaging, cessation, and sale to minors in most GCC countries. Conclusions Given the influence of the tobacco industry in the Gulf region, the findings suggest a need for ongoing surveillance to monitor the proliferation of tobacco control measures and evaluate their effectiveness. Efforts required to address tobacco use should correspond to the unique political and cultural background of the GCC countries.

scholarly journals Tobacco Control Measures in Bangladesh: KAP Survey on Informal Tobacco Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Hazera Akter ◽  
Suborna Barua
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
The Public ◽  
Kap Survey ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Current Tobacco

This research aims to explore the ‘Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP)’ of government’s current tobacco control measures among informal tobacco sellers in Bangladesh. The KAP survey method was applied for collecting information from 400 sellers over seven regional divisions in Bangladesh. The subsequent data analysis was performed using SPSS software to derive the findings from the survey. The study explores that more than half of tobacco sellers are tobacco consumers themselves, of which more than four-fifth consumed tobacco at their Point of Sale (POS). Majority of informal tobacco shops were found in the public places although these sellers reported their acquaintance with the government’s tobacco control Act prohibiting the tobacco usage in such locations. Indirect advertisement was prevalent in about half of those shops. Majority of the sellers used to sell tobacco to minors. About one-fifth of sellers received some form of incentive from tobacco companies while two-third of them received gift items. Since informal tobacco sellers, mostly mobile, reach out the largest pool of consumers making tobacco available near-at-hand, government’s current tobacco control regulations should encompass the informal economy of tobacco sales to prevent massive violation of tobacco control Act by these sellers. Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 201-215

Tobacco Control Policy and Tobacco Product Use Disparity in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Japan Tobacco

Tobacco smoking continues to be a major contributor to mortality, morbidity, and social inequalities in health worldwide. Smoking prevalence and inequality are influenced by tobacco control measures and interference from the industry including Japan Tobacco. Tobacco control is weak in Japan by international standards. Control measures such as taxation, labelling, and smoke-free legislation have differing effects on smoking inequality. Quit rates differ across socioeconomic strata, as does exposure to second-hand smoke. Equity effectiveness research takes account of socioeconomic gradients in response to new control measures and products. In Japan, e-cigarettes with nicotine have been prohibited since 2010. New heated tobacco products were introduced in 2013 and their use increased dramatically from 2016. To monitor smoking behaviour and health inequalities in Japan, we need to focus on heated tobacco products as well as cigarettes.

scholarly journals Evidence on article 5.3 of FCTC (tobacco industry interference in tobacco control activities) in India- a qualitative scoping study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Goel ◽  
Sitanshu Sekhar Kar ◽  
Madhur Verma ◽  
Parthibane Sivanantham ◽  
Bijay Nanda Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Barriers And Challenges

Abstract Background The Tobacco Industry (henceforth TI) yearns to portray itself as being “socially responsible” and fights for the decision-making positions; that are it used to deter, delay or dilute tobacco control measures. There is little documented evidence of Tobacco Industry Interference (henceforth TII) from India, the scope of their interference and challenges faced by the experts for effective tobacco control. This research study seeks to cover this significant gap in the literature on the TI of India. Methods A cross-sectional qualitative research design, based upon in-depth interviews (N = 26), was used to explore the key stakeholders’ opinions regarding TII in India. The interviews used a set of questions to collect information about the participant’s roles and responsibilities in tobacco control, the nature of TII faced by the participants, means of influence by TI, barriers and challenges to tobacco control efforts. Results Most of the respondents were engaged in tobacco control, training, advocacy and awareness generation activities for 5–10 years or more. The respondents defined the TI and its scope as per their experience with the help of the power ranking methodology. Most of them perceived TI as ‘manufacturers’ while others consider them as ‘advertisers’, ‘public relation companies’, ‘wholesalers’, ‘vendors’, and ‘Government firms with TI stocks. The research team identified six significant domains: influencing the policy and administrative decisions, Interference in the implementation of tobacco control laws and activities, false propaganda and hiding the truth, manipulating front action groups (FAG), rampant tobacco advertising and promotion activities and others under which TII activities were classified. Most respondents believed that TI players were interfering in the policy decisions, implementing the tobacco control laws and activities and manipulating the FAG. A detailed taxonomic classification of the TII strategies that emerged from our analysis was linked to article 5.3 of FCTC. Conclusions The study documented a significant level of TII in different domains, with stakeholders acting at various hierarchical levels. Thus providing insight into the tactics of the TI in order to enable stakeholders to anticipate and pre-empt the kinds of alliances the TI may attempt to build; stimulating academicians and researchers to undertake in-depth analysis into various strategies and therefore underscoring the need to ensuring transparency in official interaction with the TI and its representatives.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document