scholarly journals Tobacco Control Measures in Bangladesh: KAP Survey on Informal Tobacco Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Hazera Akter ◽  
Suborna Barua
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
The Public ◽  
Kap Survey ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Current Tobacco

This research aims to explore the ‘Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP)’ of government’s current tobacco control measures among informal tobacco sellers in Bangladesh. The KAP survey method was applied for collecting information from 400 sellers over seven regional divisions in Bangladesh. The subsequent data analysis was performed using SPSS software to derive the findings from the survey. The study explores that more than half of tobacco sellers are tobacco consumers themselves, of which more than four-fifth consumed tobacco at their Point of Sale (POS). Majority of informal tobacco shops were found in the public places although these sellers reported their acquaintance with the government’s tobacco control Act prohibiting the tobacco usage in such locations. Indirect advertisement was prevalent in about half of those shops. Majority of the sellers used to sell tobacco to minors. About one-fifth of sellers received some form of incentive from tobacco companies while two-third of them received gift items. Since informal tobacco sellers, mostly mobile, reach out the largest pool of consumers making tobacco available near-at-hand, government’s current tobacco control regulations should encompass the informal economy of tobacco sales to prevent massive violation of tobacco control Act by these sellers. Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 201-215

scholarly journals Awareness and utilisation of quitline among current tobacco users in a district in southern india

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Somya Mullapudi ◽  
Veena G Kamath ◽  
Muralidhar M Kulkarni ◽  
Asha Kamath ◽  
Rohith Bhagawath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Prior Informed Consent ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Purposive Sample ◽  
Current Tobacco

Background: Tobacco use not only increases mortality, but also causes enormous burden to the Nation’s health and economy. The WHO -Framework Convention on Tobacco Control implemented “MPOWER”, comprising of an important entity of ‘offering help to tobacco users’ to quit. Quitline provides evidence-based treatment services to tobacco users and advertising those services has the potential to increase their utilisation. Objectives: Our objective was to assess the awareness and utilisation of the newly introduced quitline on tobacco packs among tobacco users. Materials and Methods: After obtaining Ethics Committee approval, this cross-sectional study was conducted from March-June 2019 in a purposive sample of tobacco users aged 18 years and above at the point of sale with prior informed consent. The questionnaire included questions on the users’ knowledge and utilisation of the quitline. Results: Most of the tobacco users (84.6 %) had not observed the quitline on tobacco pack. Amongst those who observed the quitline, 65.5% were smokers, while the smokeless tobacco users who comprised half of the study population were unaware of the quitline. More than 97% of illiterates were unaware of the quitline.  Only three tobacco users who were aware of quitline had tried using it. Conclusion: Most of the tobacco users had basic education but were not aware of the quitline on the tobacco packs and only a very few of them used the services, highlighting the need to increase its awareness for effective tobacco control.

Tobacco control in China and the road to Healthy China 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Guo ◽  
G. Quan
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
Health Organization

Healthy China 2030 aims to reduce the adult smoking rate from 27.7% in 2015 to 20% by 2030. Achieving this goal requires a review of the tobacco control measures introduced in China to date, the gaps that remain and the opportunities ahead. In 2008, the World Health Organization introduced six measures to reduce demand for tobacco called MPOWER. The progress China has made in implementing these measure varies: 1) monitor tobacco use and prevention policies. The surveillance on tobacco use has been rigorous, but the monitoring and evaluation of tobacco control policies needs to be strengthened; 2) protect people from tobacco use: pushes for national tobacco control legislation have stalled, but 18 subnational legislations have passed; 3) offer help to quit tobacco use. The accessibility and quality of cessation services needs to be improved; 4) warn about the dangers of tobacco. While there are no pictorial health warnings, tobacco control advocates have launched a series of anti-smoking media campaigns to inform the public; 5) enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship. Legal loopholes and poor enforcement remain challenges; 6) raise taxes on tobacco: cigarettes in China are relatively cheap and increasingly affordable, which demonstrates the need for further tobacco tax increases indexed to inflation and income. China maintains a tobacco monopoly that interferes with tobacco control efforts and fails to regulate tobacco products from the public health perspective. Effective MPOWER measures, which depend upon the removal of tobacco industry interference from policymaking, are key to achieving the goal set by Healthy China 2030.

Attitudes towards smokefree high streets: a survey of local shoppers in a northern UK town

2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Gilly Brenner ◽  
Kaye Mann ◽  
Diane Lee ◽  
Julia Burrows ◽  
Scott Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Areas

Objective: As a local authority we wanted to practically determine the perception of the public to smokefree zones in shopping high streets and other local outdoor public places. Methods: A survey was carried out by students on a convenience sample of shoppers on a single busy market day in Barnsley. Results: In all, 142 responses were collected; 28% were smokers and 15% e-cigarette users. The majority (69%) of respondents were not against smokefree high streets, including 68% of smokers; 69% of respondents (including 61% of smokers) were not against all public areas becoming smokefree; 70% of respondents (including 63% of smokers) were not against outdoor seating areas, such as those outside pubs and cafés becoming smokefree. There was a marginal preference that smokefree outdoor zones should be voluntary (42%) rather than enforced (39%). Most respondents believed that people smoking around children was influential in determining whether those children go on to take up smoking when they get older. Most smokers (92%) said they already moderated their smoking behaviour in some way when children were present, including 44% who claimed that when children are around they do not smoke at all. Conclusion: This study gives strength to the argument for local authorities to implement voluntary outdoor smokefree zones in public places such as shopping high streets, as a part of a comprehensive tobacco control plan. Shoppers were generally supportive of smokefree zones and in particular where the rationale for their implementation is to protect children from taking up smoking.

scholarly journals Tobacco Control Litigation: Broader Impacts on Health Rights Adjudication

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Cabrera ◽  
Juan Carballo
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Tobacco Taxes ◽  
Broader Impacts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health Rights

There is perhaps no area of law that so effectively protects human health and thereby advances the right to the highest attainable standard of health, as tobacco control. Globally, tobacco is responsible for 1 in 10 adult deaths, and is on track to kill 10 million people per year, mostly in developing countries, representing a US$200 billion drain on the global economy. Yet experience in recent decades has shown that a range of tobacco control measures, such as comprehensive bans on smoking in public places, tobacco taxes, and limits on tobacco advertising, can greatly reduce smoking prevalence. These measures have slowly curtailed the epidemic, despite strong opposition from various sectors led by the tobacco industry. It is fitting that tobacco control is the focus of a recent, widely ratified global treaty (the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control) and of increasing national litigation, often directly linked to countries’ human rights commitments.

scholarly journals Saudi Women’s Economic Empowerment in Light of Saudi Vision 2030: Perception, Challenges and Opportunities

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Noha A. Alessa ◽  
Hebah S. Shalhoob ◽  
Haya A. Almugarry
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Saudi Women ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
Spss Software

This paper aims to examine women’s economic empowerment in Saudi Arabia by assessing the current status, the challenges and future recommendations in accordance with Saudi Vision 2030. The research employed a questionnaire survey method and the sample consisted of 903 women working in the public, private or freelance sectors in different regions of Saudi Arabia. SPSS software program was used to analyse the data. The findings of the research demonstrate that the participants provided positive feedback regarding women’s economic empowerment which is in accordance with the Saudi Vision 2030 initiatives dedicated to women. The paper recommends enhancing awareness of the importance of women’s economic empowerment, enhancing gender equality in wages, and implementing awareness programmes encouraging women to contribute to Saudi Arabia’s economic development. The paper has implications for policymakers, company owners and researchers who are seeking to empower Saudi women and enhance their participation in the development of the national economy.   Received: 2 September 2021 / Accepted: 30 October 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study on Chinese Canadian Male Immigrants’ Perspectives on Stopping Smoking: Implications for Tobacco Control in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimei Mao ◽  
Joan L. Bottorff ◽  
John L. Oliffe ◽  
Gayl Sarbit ◽  
Mary T. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Canadian Immigrants ◽  
Canadian Culture ◽  
Chinese Canadian ◽  
The Impact

China has the largest number of smokers in the world; more than half of adult men smoke. Chinese immigrants smoke at lower rates than the mainstream population and other immigrant groups do. This qualitative study was to explore the influence of denormalization in Canada on male Chinese immigrant smoking after migration. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 male Chinese Canadian immigrants who were currently smoking or had quit smoking in the past 5 years. The study identified that, while becoming a prospective/father prompted the Chinese smokers to quit or reduce their smoking due to concern of the impacts of their smoking on the health of their young children, changes in smoking were also associated with the smoking environment. Four facilitators were identified which were related to the denomormalized smoking environment in Canada: (a) the stigma related to being a smoker in Canada, (b) conformity with Canadian smoking bans in public places, (c) the reduced social function of smoking in Canadian culture, and (d) the impact of graphic health messages on cigarette packs. Denormalization of tobacco in Canada in combination with collectivist values among Chinese smokers appeared to contribute to participants’ reducing and quitting smoking. Although findings of the study cannot be claimed as generalizable to the wider population of Chinese Canadian immigrants due to the small number of the participants, this study provides lessons for the development of tobacco control measures in China to reverse the current prosmoking social environment.

Attitude of medical students to regulatory measures related to tobacco smoking

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (21) ◽  
pp. 828-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildikó Tóth ◽  
József Rinfel ◽  
János Oberling ◽  
László Prugberger ◽  
Lajos Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Regulatory Measures

In some countries strict tobacco control measures successfully reduced the number of smokers. Although these measures do not have immediate effects, they may serve as investments in the future healthcare. Health care experts should take part actively in the decision making. Aims: To investigate medical students’ relation to smoking and their attitudes about tobacco control measures. Methods: Authors applied the Hungarian translation of the Global Health Professionals Student Survey. Medical students from the first and fifth year filled in the survey anonymously during the seminars. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS. Results: Altogether 245 students completed the questionnaire. It was found that the knowledge of students about health damages caused by tobacco smoking was very good. However, a large number of students are exposed to tobacco smoke (68% of them at home and 85% at public places). Their opinion about tobacco control measures reflects recent law, as only 43% of the students would support a smoking ban in bars and discotheques. Conclusions: Hungarian health care experts have to take part with more effort in the prevention of tobacco smoking. Medical students have to be trained in this field. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 828–833.

Principle of Proportionality and Judicial Discretion in ICSID Arbitration: A Case Study of Tobacco Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5288-5303
Author(s):  
Qu Guangyi ◽  
Shen Wei
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
The Public ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
Investment Arbitration ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

In the 2003 Tecmedv. Mexico case, the principle of proportionality, which was already practiced under the jurisprudence of the ECtHR, was transplanted to investment arbitration cases under the ICSID. Tobacco control regulations are imposed on tobacco company by state to protect the public health. In landmark case Philip Morris v. Uruguay, the tribunal resorted to the principle of proportionality to prove that tobacco control measures do not constitute the violation of investment treaty. Nevertheless, few have discussed discretionary issues caused by this expanded use especially. This article attempts to challenge the current manner in which the principle of proportionality is utilized in investment arbitration under ICSID. More specifically, it seeks to challenge the discretion exerted by the tribunals when the principle is applied especially applied to tobacco control regulations. This article will demonstrate how the unwarranted judicial discretion has a detrimental effect on predicting how the ICSID tribunals will protect property rights while balancing the host states’ power to regulate.

scholarly journals Example 1: Danish regulations to phase out smoking

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Pisinger
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Home Schools ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Abstract In recent years, progress in Danish tobacco control has come to a halt and there has been an increase in smoking prevalence. A capacity assessment report on the implementation of effective tobacco control measures concluded that there is no overall strategy or plan to protect children, adolescents and adults from the harms of tobacco, despite the national vision of no children and adolescents smoking by 2030. Another finding was that the tobacco industry is influential in Danish policy-making and not properly regulated. Key recommendations were: 1) Develop an overall, comprehensive strategy and implement a well-designed plan. 2) Increase tobacco taxes. 3) Adopt plain packaging and a point-of-sale display ban. 4) Ensure protection from exposure to second-hand smoke and 5) Protect public health policy from the influence of the tobacco industry. The Danish Government, however, is very reluctant and there is no sign of implementation of the recommendations, despite strong public support. On the other hand, there is progress at local level as many municipalities and private workplaces have implemented smokefree working hours (no smoking at all during working hours, even if you work at home), schools have implemented smokefree school hours (no smoking from 8 to 16, even if pupils go home for lunch or break) and large supermarket chains have implemented point-of-sale display bans.

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